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Sharma H, Chang KA, Hulme J, An SSA. Mammalian Models in Alzheimer's Research: An Update. Cells 2023; 12:2459. [PMID: 37887303 PMCID: PMC10605533 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A form of dementia distinct from healthy cognitive aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex multi-stage disease that currently afflicts over 50 million people worldwide. Unfortunately, previous therapeutic strategies developed from murine models emulating different aspects of AD pathogenesis were limited. Consequently, researchers are now developing models that express several aspects of pathogenesis that better reflect the clinical situation in humans. As such, this review seeks to provide insight regarding current applications of mammalian models in AD research by addressing recent developments and characterizations of prominent transgenic models and their contributions to pathogenesis as well as discuss the advantages, limitations, and application of emerging models that better capture genetic heterogeneity and mixed pathologies observed in the clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hulme
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Bagyinszky E, Hulme J, An SSA. Studies of Genetic and Proteomic Risk Factors of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Inspire Biomarker Development and Gene Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:1948. [PMID: 37566027 PMCID: PMC10417729 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease affecting the upper and lower motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness, motor impairments, disabilities and death. Approximately 5-10% of ALS cases are associated with positive family history (familial ALS or fALS), whilst the remainder are sporadic (sporadic ALS, sALS). At least 50 genes have been identified as causative or risk factors for ALS. Established pathogenic variants include superoxide dismutase type 1 (SOD1), chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (c9orf72), TAR DNA Binding Protein (TARDBP), and Fused In Sarcoma (FUS); additional ALS-related genes including Charged Multivesicular Body Protein 2B (CHMP2B), Senataxin (SETX), Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), TANK Binding Kinase 1 (TBK1) and NIMA Related Kinase 1 (NEK1), have been identified. Mutations in these genes could impair different mechanisms, including vesicle transport, autophagy, and cytoskeletal or mitochondrial functions. So far, there is no effective therapy against ALS. Thus, early diagnosis and disease risk predictions remain one of the best options against ALS symptomologies. Proteomic biomarkers, microRNAs, and extracellular vehicles (EVs) serve as promising tools for disease diagnosis or progression assessment. These markers are relatively easy to obtain from blood or cerebrospinal fluids and can be used to identify potential genetic causative and risk factors even in the preclinical stage before symptoms appear. In addition, antisense oligonucleotides and RNA gene therapies have successfully been employed against other diseases, such as childhood-onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), which could also give hope to ALS patients. Therefore, an effective gene and biomarker panel should be generated for potentially "at risk" individuals to provide timely interventions and better treatment outcomes for ALS patients as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bagyinszky
- Graduate School of Environment Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - John Hulme
- Graduate School of Environment Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
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Hulme J. COVID-19 and Diarylamidines: The Parasitic Connection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6583. [PMID: 37047556 PMCID: PMC10094973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants (Omicron) continue to outpace and negate combinatorial vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies targeting the spike protein (S) receptor binding domain (RBD), the appetite for developing similar COVID-19 treatments has significantly diminished, with the attention of the scientific community switching to long COVID treatments. However, treatments that reduce the risk of "post-COVID-19 syndrome" and associated sequelae remain in their infancy, particularly as no established criteria for diagnosis currently exist. Thus, alternative therapies that reduce infection and prevent the broad range of symptoms associated with 'post-COVID-19 syndrome' require investigation. This review begins with an overview of the parasitic-diarylamidine connection, followed by the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and associated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSSR2) involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Subsequently, the ability of diarylamidines to inhibit S-protein binding and various membrane serine proteases associated with SARS-CoV-2 and parasitic infections are discussed. Finally, the roles of diarylamidines (primarily DIZE) in vaccine efficacy, epigenetics, and the potential amelioration of long COVID sequelae are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hulme
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Republic of Korea
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Hulme J. Staphylococcus Infection: Relapsing Atopic Dermatitis and Microbial Restoration. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020222. [PMID: 36830133 PMCID: PMC9952585 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic Dermatitis (AD) skin is susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infection, potentially exposing it to a plethora of toxins and virulent determinants, including Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) (α-hemolysin (Hla) and phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs)), and superantigens. Depending on the degree of infection (superficial or invasive), clinical treatments may encompass permanganate (aq) and bleach solutions coupled with intravenous/oral antibiotics such as amoxicillin, vancomycin, doxycycline, clindamycin, daptomycin, telavancin, linezolid, or tigecycline. However, when the skin is significantly traumatized (sheathing of epidermal sections), an SA infection can rapidly ensue, impairing the immune system, and inducing local and systemic AD presentations in susceptible areas. Furthermore, when AD presents systemically, desensitization can be long (years) and intertwined with periods of relapse. In such circumstances, the identification of triggers (stress or infection) and severity of the flare need careful monitoring (preferably in real-time) so that tailored treatments targeting the underlying pathological mechanisms (SA toxins, elevated immunoglobulins, impaired healing) can be modified, permitting rapid resolution of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hulme
- Gachon Bio-Nano Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 461-701, Republic of Korea
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5
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Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to overwhelm health care systems impairing human to human social and economic interactions. Invasion or damage to the male reproductive system is one of the documented outcomes of viral infection. Existing studies have reported that SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to this loss in relation to inflammatory responses and the formation of cytokine storms in COVID-19 patients. Although direct infection of the testes and entry of SARS-CoV-2 into semen as well as subsequent consequences on the male reproductive system need to be studied more systematically, warnings from two organising ASRM and SART for prospective parents when infected with SARS-CoV-2 should be considered. In the context of an increasingly complex pandemic, this review provides preliminary examples of the potential impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive health and guidance for prospective parents currently infected with or recovering from SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - J Hulme
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, 461-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - H D Tran
- Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health (CGRH), School of Medicine, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - T K Vo
- Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Vietnam Sports Hospital, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy (VNU-UMP), Vietnam National University Hanoi, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - G V Vo
- Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health (CGRH), School of Medicine, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
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Nguyen TT, Hulme J, Vo TK, Van Vo G. The Potential Crosstalk Between the Brain and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Alzheimer's Development. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1503-1512. [PMID: 35298764 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The bidirectional communication between the brain and peripheral organs have been widely documented, but the impact of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) dysfunction and its relation to structural and functional brain changes have yet to be fully elucidated. This review initially examines the clinical evidence supporting associations between the brain and VAT before visiting the roles of the autonomic nervous system, fat and glucose metabolism, neuroinflammation, and metabolites. Finally, the possible effects and potential mechanisms of the brain-VAT axis on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease are discussed, providing new insights regarding future prevention and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - John Hulme
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 461-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tuong Kha Vo
- Vietnam Sports Hospital, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.,Department of Sports Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy (VNU-UMP), Vietnam National University Hanoi, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Giau Van Vo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam. .,Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health (CGRH), School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam. .,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
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7
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Hulme J. Colin Richard Quinton Barton. Vet Rec 2021. [PMID: 34651780 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A wonderful ambassador for the veterinary profession; he was a modest man who was kind, patient and compassionate to everyone he met.
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Abstract
Within the last two decades, several members of the Coronaviridae family demonstrated epidemic potential. In late 2019, an unnamed genetic relative, later named SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), erupted in the highly populous neighborhoods of Wuhan, China. Unchecked, COVID-19 spread rapidly among interconnected communities and related households before containment measures could be enacted. At present, the mortality rate of COVID-19 infection worldwide is 6.6%. In order to mitigate the number of infections, restrictions or recommendations on the number of people that can gather in a given area have been employed by governments worldwide. For governments to confidently lift these restrictions as well as counter a potential secondary wave of infections, alternative medications and diagnostic strategies against COVID-19 are urgently required. This review has focused on these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giau Van Vo
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Environment, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Eva Bagyinszky
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Environment, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - John Hulme
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
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10
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Hoyeck P, Wiercigroch D, Clarke C, Sheikh H, Hulme J. 119 Opioid Use Disorder Management in Canadian Emergency Departments: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Ann Emerg Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.08.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Giau VV, Lee H, An SSA, Hulme J. Recent advances in the treatment of C. difficile using biotherapeutic agents. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:1597-1615. [PMID: 31354309 PMCID: PMC6579870 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s207572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is rapidly becoming one of the most prevalent health care–associated bacterial infections in the developed world. The emergence of new, more virulent strains has led to greater morbidity and resistance to standard therapies. The bacterium is readily transmitted between people where it can asymptomatically colonize the gut environment, and clinical manifestations ranging from frequent watery diarrhea to toxic megacolon can arise depending on the age of the individual or their state of gut dysbiosis. Several inexpensive approaches are shown to be effective against virulent C. difficile in research settings such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transfer and immunotherapies. This review aims to highlight the current advantages and limitations of the aforementioned approaches with an emphasis on recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Van Giau
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon Lee
- Department of Neurology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hulme
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 461-701, Republic of Korea
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12
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Abstract
The worldwide misuse of antibiotics and the subsequent rise of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria have prompted a paradigm shift in the established view of antibiotic and bacterial-human relations. The clinical failures of conventional antibiotic therapies are associated with lengthy detection methods, poor penetration at infection sites, disruption of indigenous microflora and high potential for mutational resistance. One of the most promising strategies to improve the efficacy of antibiotics is to complex them with micro or nano delivery materials. Such materials/vehicles can shield antibiotics from enzyme deactivation, increasing the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug. Alternatively, drug-free nanomaterials that do not kill the pathogen but target virulent factors such as adhesins, toxins, or secretory systems can be used to minimize resistance and infection severity. The main objective of this review is to examine the potential of the aforementioned materials in the detection and treatment of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Van Giau
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, ;
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, ;
| | - John Hulme
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, ;
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Giau VV, Wu SY, Jamerlan A, An SSA, Kim SY, Hulme J. Gut Microbiota and Their Neuroinflammatory Implications in Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111765. [PMID: 30441866 PMCID: PMC6266223 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in human health. Increasing numbers of studies suggest that the gut microbiota can influence the brain and behavior of patients. Various metabolites secreted by the gut microbiota can affect the cognitive ability of patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases. Nearly one in every ten Korean senior citizens suffers from Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia. This review highlights the impact of metabolites from the gut microbiota on communication pathways between the brain and gut, as well as the neuroinflammatory roles they may have in AD patients. The objectives of this review are as follows: (1) to examine the role of the intestinal microbiota in homeostatic communication between the gut microbiota and the brain, termed the microbiota–gut–brain (MGB) axis; (2) to determine the underlying mechanisms of signal dysfunction; and (3) to assess the impact of signal dysfunction induced by the microbiota on AD. This review will aid in understanding the microbiota of elderly people and the neuroinflammatory roles they may have in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Van Giau
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Korea.
| | - Si Ying Wu
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Korea.
| | - Angelo Jamerlan
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Korea.
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Korea.
| | - Sang Yun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Neurocognitive Behavior Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul 100-011, Korea.
| | - John Hulme
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Korea.
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15
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Abstract
Recently, increasing numbers of cell culture experiments with 3D spheroids presented better correlating results in vivo than traditional 2D cell culture systems. 3D spheroids could offer a simple and highly reproducible model that would exhibit many characteristics of natural tissue, such as the production of extracellular matrix. In this paper numerous cell lines were screened and selected depending on their ability to form and maintain a spherical shape. The effects of increasing concentrations of doxorubicin (DXR) on the integrity and viability of the selected spheroids were then measured at regular intervals and in real-time. In total 12 cell lines, adenocarcinomic alveolar basal epithelial (A549), muscle (C2C12), prostate (DU145), testis (F9), pituitary epithelial-like (GH3), cervical cancer (HeLa), HeLa contaminant (HEp2), embryo (NIH3T3), embryo (PA317), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), osteosarcoma U2OS, and embryonic kidney cells (293T), were screened. Out of the 12, 8 cell lines, NIH3T3, C2C12, 293T, SH-SY5Y, A549, HeLa, PA317, and U2OS formed regular spheroids and the effects of DXR on these structures were measured at regular intervals. Finally, 5 cell lines, A549, HeLa, SH-SY5Y, U2OS, and 293T, were selected for real-time monitoring and the effects of DXR treatment on their behavior were continuously recorded for 5 days. A potential correlation regarding the effects of DXR on spheroid viability and ATP production was measured on days 1, 3, and 5. Cytotoxicity of DXR seemed to occur after endocytosis, since the cellular activities and ATP productions were still viable after 1 day of the treatment in all spheroids, except SH-SY5Y. Both cellular activity and ATP production were halted 3 and 5 days from the start of the treatment in all spheroids. All cell lines maintained their spheroid shape, except SHSY-5, which behaved in an unpredictable manner when exposed to toxic concentrations of DXR. Cytotoxic effects of DXR towards SH-SY5Y seemed to cause degradation of the extracellular matrix, since all cells were dismantled from the spheroid upon cell death. On the other hand, 293T spheroids revealed retarded cellular activity and ATP productions upon DXR treatment throughout the experiment. Since 293T was the embryonic kidney cells, the fast clearance or neutralizations could have made them resistant towards DXR. In conclusion, the same degree of sensitivity from the 2D system did not translate to a 3D culture system, resulting in higher IC50 values than the 2D system. The varying sensitivities and tolerances to drugs could be better understood with a 3D cell culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- NamHuk Baek
- Department of R & D, NanoEntek Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Won Seo
- Department of R & D, NanoEntek Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - MinSung Kim
- Department of R & D, NanoEntek Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hulme
- Department of BioNano Technology Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of BioNano Technology Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Wu SY, Park GY, Kim SH, Hulme J, An SSA. Diminazene aceturate: an antibacterial agent for Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:3363-3378. [PMID: 27789937 PMCID: PMC5072558 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s114832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of diminazene aceturate (DA) against five strains of pathogenic bacteria and two strains of nonpathogenic bacteria. The results showed that 5 μg/mL of DA suppressed the growth of pathogenic Escherichia coli by as much as 77% compared with the controls. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli EDL933 (an E. coli O157:H7 strain) was the most sensitive to DA with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 20 μg/mL. Additional investigations showed that DA induced the highest level of intracellular reactive oxygen species in EDL933. A positive correlation between the reactive oxygen species levels and DA concentration was demonstrated. DA (5 μg/mL) was also a potent uncoupler, inducing a stationary phase collapse (70%–75%) in both strains of E. coli O157:H7. Further investigation showed that the collapse was due to the NaCl:DA ratio in the broth and was potassium ion dependent. A protease screening assay was conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanism. It was found that at neutral pH, the hydrolysis of H-Asp-pNA increased by a factor of 2–3 in the presence of DA, implying that DA causes dysregulation of the proton motive force and a decrease in cellular pH. Finally, a commercial verotoxin test showed that DA did not significantly increase toxin production in EDL933 and was a suitable antibacterial agent for Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ying Wu
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si
| | - Gil-Yong Park
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hulme
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si
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Baek N, Seo OW, Lee J, Hulme J, An SSA. Real-time monitoring of cisplatin cytotoxicity on three-dimensional spheroid tumor cells. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:2155-65. [PMID: 27445462 PMCID: PMC4938242 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s108004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultivation is a powerful technique for monitoring and understanding diverse cellular mechanisms in developmental cancer and neuronal biology, tissue engineering, and drug development. 3D systems could relate better to in vivo models than two-dimensional (2D) cultures. Several factors, such as cell type, survival rate, proliferation rate, and gene and protein expression patterns, determine whether a particular cell line can be adapted to a 3D system. The 3D system may overcome some of the limitations of 2D cultures in terms of cell–cell communication and cell networks, which are essential for understanding differentiation, structural organization, shape, and extended connections with other cells or organs. Here, the effect of the anticancer drug cisplatin, also known as cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) or CDDP, on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation was investigated using 3D spheroid-forming cells and real-time monitoring for 7 days. First, 12 cell lines were screened for their ability to form 3D spheroids: prostate (DU145), testis (F9), embryonic fibroblast (NIH-3T3), muscle (C2C12), embryonic kidney (293T), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), adenocarcinomic alveolar basal epithelial cell (A549), cervical cancer (HeLa), HeLa contaminant (HEp2), pituitary epithelial-like cell (GH3), embryonic cell (PA317), and osteosarcoma (U-2OS) cells. Of these, eight cell lines were selected: NIH-3T3, C2C12, 293T, SH-SY5Y, A549, HeLa, PA317, and U-2OS; and five underwent real-time monitoring of CDDP cytotoxicity: HeLa, A549, 293T, SH-SY5Y, and U-2OS. ATP generation was blocked 1 day after addition of 50 μM CDDP, but cytotoxicity in HeLa, A549, SH-SY5Y, and U-2OS cells could be visualized only 4 days after treatment. In 293T cells, CDDP failed to kill entirely the culture and ATP generation was only partially blocked after 1 day. This suggests potential CDDP resistance of 293T cells or metabolic clearance of the drug. Real-time monitoring and ATP measurements directly confirmed the cytotoxicity of CDDP, indicating that CDDP may interfere with mitochondrial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- NamHuk Baek
- Department of Research and Development, NanoEntek Inc., Seoul
| | - Ok Won Seo
- Department of Research and Development, NanoEntek Inc., Seoul
| | - Jaehwa Lee
- Department of Research and Development, NanoEntek Inc., Seoul
| | - John Hulme
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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18
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Abstract
Graphene has attracted the attention of the entire scientific community due to its unique mechanical and electrochemical, electronic, biomaterial, and chemical properties. The water-soluble derivative of graphene, graphene oxide, is highly prized and continues to be intensely investigated by scientists around the world. This review seeks to provide an overview of the currents applications of graphene oxide in nanomedicine, focusing on delivery systems, tissue engineering, cancer therapies, imaging, and cytotoxicity, together with a short discussion on the difficulties and the trends for future research regarding this amazing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ying Wu
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnamsi, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnamsi, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hulme
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnamsi, Republic of Korea
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Lee S, Kim J, Bark CW, Lee B, Ju H, Kang SC, Kim T, Kim MI, Ko YT, Nam JS, Yoon HH, Yun KS, Yoon YS, An SSA, Hulme J. Spotlight on nano-theranostics in South Korea: applications in diagnostics and treatment of diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10 Spec Iss:3-8. [PMID: 26345737 PMCID: PMC4554482 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s91389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
From the synergistic integration and the multidisciplinary strengths of the BioNano Sensor Research Center, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, researchers, students, and faculties at Gachon University in collaboration with other institutions in Korea, Australia, France, America, and Japan have come together to produce a special issue on the diverse applications of nano-theranostics in nanomedicine. This special issue will showcase new research conducted by various scientific groups in Gyonggi-do and Songdo/Incheon, South Korea. The objectives of this special issue are as follows: 1) to bring together and demonstrate some of the latest research results in the field, 2) to introduce new multifunctional nanomaterials and their applications in imaging and detection methods, and 3) to stimulate collaborative interdisciplinary research at both national and international levels in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwha Lee
- BioNano Sensor Research Center, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Jongsung Kim
- BioNano Sensor Research Center, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Chung Wung Bark
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Bonghee Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Heongkyu Ju
- Department of Nano-Physics, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - TaeYoung Kim
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Moon Il Kim
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Young Tag Ko
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Nam
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyon Hee Yoon
- BioNano Sensor Research Center, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Sik Yun
- BioNano Sensor Research Center, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea ; Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Yoon
- BioNano Sensor Research Center, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- BioNano Sensor Research Center, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea ; Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - John Hulme
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Seongnam-si, South Korea
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20
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Shim KH, Jeong KH, Bae SO, Kang MO, Maeng EH, Choi CS, Kim YR, Hulme J, Lee EK, Kim MK, An SSA. Assessment of ZnO and SiO2 nanoparticle permeability through and toxicity to the blood-brain barrier using Evans blue and TEM. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9 Suppl 2:225-33. [PMID: 25565840 PMCID: PMC4279764 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s58205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As increasing variants of nanoparticles (NPs) are being used in various products, it has become apparent that size alone can no longer adequately explain the variety of generated toxic profiles. Recent studies with NPs have suggested that various sizes of NPs could determine in vitro toxicity. In an attempt to address concerns regarding neurotoxicity of zinc oxide (ZnO) and silica (SiO2) NPs, these were examined after exposing them via oral, dermal, and intravenous administrations of NPs and their toxicological effects on the brain over a prescribed period of time were assessed. After 28 days of repeated oral administrations of ZnO or SiO2 independently, possibly due to damages to the blood brain barrier (BBB), neurotoxicity, were investigated by Evans blue technique. Next, in order to assess whether ZnO NPs could compromise the BBB, ZnO NPs were intravenously injected on day 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 no further treatment was administered for 62 days. Deposition of SiO2 in brain from repeated dermal and oral administrations for 90 days were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy coupled with scanning energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Physiochemical profiles were principally determined on particle size at the beginning of the current toxicity investigations on ZnO and SiO2 NPs. The BBB was found to be intact after independent repeated oral administrations of ZnO or SiO2 NPs for 28 days, suggesting no significant damage. Neuronal death was also not observed after the intravenous administrations of ZnO NPs. After 90 days of repeated dermal and oral administration of SiO2 NPs, no deposition of NPs was observed in hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum regions using transmission electron microscope analyses. These observations suggest that the BBB was not compromised and was able to block penetration of ZnO and SiO2 NPs, resulting in significant neurotoxic effects. Moreover, absence of SiO2 in three regions of brain after dermal and oral administrations for 90 days suggested that brain was protected from SiO2. No behavior change was observed in all studies, suggesting that 90 days may not be long enough to assess full neurotoxicity of NPs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hwan Shim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hoon Jeong
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee GilYa Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea ; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Oh Bae
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Min O Kang
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ho Maeng
- Department of Analysis, Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR), Gimpo, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee GilYa Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea ; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University Medical School and College, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hulme
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyu Lee
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Meyoung-Kon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University Medical School and College, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
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21
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Abstract
A multitude of nanoparticles, such as titanium oxide (TiO2), zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, gold oxide, silver oxide, iron oxide, and silica oxide, are found in many chemical, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and electronic products. Recently, SiO2 nanoparticles were shown to have an inert toxicity profile and no association with an irreversible toxicological change in animal models. Hence, exposure to SiO2 nanoparticles is on the increase. SiO2 nanoparticles are routinely used in numerous materials, from strengthening filler for concrete and other construction composites, to nontoxic platforms for biomedical application, such as drug delivery and theragnostics. On the other hand, recent in vitro experiments indicated that SiO2 nanoparticles were cytotoxic. Therefore, we investigated these nanoparticles to identify potentially toxic pathways by analyzing the adsorbed protein corona on the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles in the blood and brain of the rat. Four types of SiO2 nanoparticles were chosen for investigation, and the protein corona of each type was analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technology. In total, 115 and 48 plasma proteins from the rat were identified as being bound to negatively charged 20 nm and 100 nm SiO2 nanoparticles, respectively, and 50 and 36 proteins were found for 20 nm and 100 nm arginine-coated SiO2 nanoparticles, respectively. Higher numbers of proteins were adsorbed onto the 20 nm sized SiO2 nanoparticles than onto the 100 nm sized nanoparticles regardless of charge. When proteins were compared between the two charges, higher numbers of proteins were found for arginine-coated positively charged SiO2 nanoparticles than for the negatively charged nanoparticles. The proteins identified as bound in the corona from SiO2 nanoparticles were further analyzed with ClueGO, a Cytoscape plugin used in protein ontology and for identifying biological interaction pathways. Proteins bound on the surface of nanoparticles may affect functional and conformational properties and distributions in complicated biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hwan Shim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnam-si, South Korea
| | - John Hulme
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnam-si, South Korea
| | - Eun Ho Maeng
- Department of Analysis, KTR, Kimpo, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Meyoung-Kon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University Medical School and College, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnam-si, South Korea
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22
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Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are currently used in chemical, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and electronic products. Nevertheless, limited safety information is available for many NPs, especially in terms of their interactions with various binding proteins, leading to potential toxic effects. Zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs are included in the formulation of new products, such as adhesives, batteries, ceramics, cosmetics, cement, glass, ointments, paints, pigments, and supplementary foods, resulting in increased human exposures to ZnO. Hence, we investigated the potential ZnO nanotoxic pathways by analyzing the adsorbed proteins, called protein corona, from blood and brain from four ZnO NPs, ZnO(SM20(-)), ZnO(SM20(+)), ZnO(AE100(-)), and ZnO(AE100(+)), in order to understand their potential mechanisms in vivo. Through this study, liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy technology was employed to identify all bound proteins. Totals of 52 and 58 plasma proteins were identified as being bound to ZnO(SM20(-)) and ZnO(SM20(+)), respectively. For ZnO(AE100(-)) and ZnO(AE100(+)), 58 and 44 proteins were bound, respectively. Similar numbers of proteins were adsorbed onto ZnO irrespective of size or surface charge of the nanoparticle. These proteins were further analyzed with ClueGO, a Cytoscape plugin, which provided gene ontology and the biological interaction processes of identified proteins. Interactions between diverse proteins and ZnO nanoparticles could result in an alteration of their functions, conformation, and clearance, eventually affecting many biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hwan Shim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - John Hulme
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Eun Ho Maeng
- Department of Analysis, KTR, Kimpo, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Meyoung-Kon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University Medical School and College, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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23
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Moore R, Hulme J. Lung ultrasound artefacts due to oesophageal Doppler monitoring. Anaesthesia 2014; 69:650-1. [PMID: 24813144 DOI: 10.1111/anae.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Moore
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
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24
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Hutchinson J, Pilsbury J, Hulme J. Use of cricothyroidotomy training video to improve equipment familiarity. Br J Anaesth 2013; 110:853-4. [PMID: 23599530 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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25
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Dunn S, Soon J, Hulme J, Guilbert E, Norman W. The Canadian contraception access survey: regional differences in access and quality of care of contraceptive services. Contraception 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Norman W, Dunn S, Guilbert E, Soon J, Hulme J. Setting a Canadian family planning research agenda: opportunities and priorities. Contraception 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Harvey PR, Higenbottam CV, Owen A, Hulme J, Bion JF. Peer-led training and assessment in basic life support for healthcare students: synthesis of literature review and fifteen years practical experience. Resuscitation 2012; 83:894-9. [PMID: 22285723 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1995, the University of Birmingham, UK, School of Medicine and Dentistry replaced lecture-based basic life support (BLS) teaching with a peer-led, practical programme. We present our 15-yr experience of peer-led healthcare undergraduate training and examination with a literature review. METHODS A literature review of healthcare undergraduate peer-led practical skills teaching was performed though Pubmed. The development of the Birmingham course is described, from its inception in 1995-2011. Training methods include peer-led training and assessment by senior students who complete an European Resuscitation Council-endorsed instructor course. Student assessors additionally undergo training in assessment and communication skills. The course has been developed by parallel research evaluation and peer-reviewed publication. Course administration is by an experienced student committee with senior clinician support. Anonymous feedback from the most recent courses and the current annual pass rates are reported. RESULTS The literature review identified 369 publications of which 28 met our criteria for inclusion. Largely descriptive, these are highly positive about peer involvement in practical skills teaching using similar, albeit smaller, courses to that described below. Currently approximately 600 first year healthcare undergraduates complete the Birmingham course; participant numbers increase annually. Successful completion is mandatory for students to proceed to the second year of studies. First attempt pass rate is 86%, and close to 100% (565/566 students, 99.8%) following re-assessment the same day. 97% of participants enjoyed the course, 99% preferred peer-tutors to clinicians, 99% perceived teaching quality as "good" or "excellent", and felt they had sufficient practice. Course organisation was rated "good" or "excellent" by 91%. Each year 3-4 student projects have been published or presented internationally. The annual cost of providing the course is currently £15,594.70 (Eur 18,410), or approximately £26 (Eur 30) per student. CONCLUSIONS This large scale, peer-led BLS course demonstrates that such programmes can have excellent outcomes with outstanding participant satisfaction. Peer-tutors and assessors are competent, more available and less costly than clinical staff. Student instructors develop skills in teaching, assessment and appraisal, organisation and research. Sustainability is possible given succession-planning and consistent leadership.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Harvey
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Dudley Road, Birmingham, UK
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28
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Hulme J. The molding of biological features using a flexible polymer mold. Micron 2011; 42:429-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2007] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Thorne C, Jones C, Colter P, Macrae A, Brown G, Hulme J. Chest compressions are not more effective when delivered from a rescuer's preferred side. Resuscitation 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.09.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Higenbottam C, Lewis A, Lau Kwen Wing J, Hulme J. The accuracy of hand placement for chest compressions: A comparison between clothed and unclothed manikins. Resuscitation 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Khan Z, Hulme J, Sherwood N. An assessment of the validity of SOFA score based triage in H1N1 critically ill patients during an influenza pandemic. Anaesthesia 2009; 64:1283-8. [PMID: 19860754 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.06135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score based triage of influenza A H1N1 critically ill patients has been proposed for surge capacity management as a guide for clinical decision making. We conducted a retrospective records review and SOFA scoring of critically ill patients with influenza A H1N1 in a mixed medical-surgical intensive care unit in an urban hospital. Eight critically ill patients with influenza A H1N1 were admitted to the intensive care unit. Their mean (range) age was 39 (26-52) years with a length of stay of 11 (3-17) days. All patients met SOFA score based triage admission criteria with a modal SOFA score of five. Five patients required invasive ventilation for a mean (range) of 5 (4-11) days. Five patients would have been considered for withdrawal of treatment using SOFA scoring guidelines at 48 h. All patients survived. We conclude that SOFA score based triage could lead to withdrawal of life support in critically ill patients who could survive with an acceptably low length of stay in the intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Khan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, City Hospital, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
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33
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34
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Kocierz L, Owen A, Aggarwal N, Hulme J. Comparison of the error rate in basic life support (BLS) and automatic external defibrillation (AED) assessment between the 2000 and 2005 European Resuscitation Council (ERC) guidelines. Resuscitation 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Nejentsev S, Howson JMM, Walker NM, Szeszko J, Field SF, Stevens HE, Reynolds P, Hardy M, King E, Masters J, Hulme J, Maier LM, Smyth D, Bailey R, Cooper JD, Ribas G, Campbell RD, Clayton DG, Todd JA. Localization of type 1 diabetes susceptibility to the MHC class I genes HLA-B and HLA-A. Nature 2007; 450:887-92. [PMID: 18004301 PMCID: PMC2703779 DOI: 10.1038/nature06406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6 is associated with susceptibility to more common diseases than any other region of the human genome, including almost all disorders classified as autoimmune. In type 1 diabetes the major genetic susceptibility determinants have been mapped to the MHC class II genes HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 (refs 1-3), but these genes cannot completely explain the association between type 1 diabetes and the MHC region. Owing to the region's extreme gene density, the multiplicity of disease-associated alleles, strong associations between alleles, limited genotyping capability, and inadequate statistical approaches and sample sizes, which, and how many, loci within the MHC determine susceptibility remains unclear. Here, in several large type 1 diabetes data sets, we analyse a combined total of 1,729 polymorphisms, and apply statistical methods-recursive partitioning and regression-to pinpoint disease susceptibility to the MHC class I genes HLA-B and HLA-A (risk ratios >1.5; P(combined) = 2.01 x 10(-19) and 2.35 x 10(-13), respectively) in addition to the established associations of the MHC class II genes. Other loci with smaller and/or rarer effects might also be involved, but to find these, future searches must take into account both the HLA class II and class I genes and use even larger samples. Taken together with previous studies, we conclude that MHC-class-I-mediated events, principally involving HLA-B*39, contribute to the aetiology of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Nejentsev
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
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36
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Hulme J. Hyperlactaemia in asthmatics. Anaesthesia 2007; 62:1084-5. [PMID: 17845678 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Abstract
Managing the airway of a critically injured trauma patient in the prehospital environment is challenging, especially when access to the patient's airway is limited as is often the case in vehicle entrapment incidents. This paper reports the use of the laryngeal mask airway as an adjunct to airway management when attempts using simple airway management techniques have failed to provide adequate oxygenation and ventilation and limited access to the patient precluded endotracheal intubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hulme
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Selly Oak Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
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38
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Hulme J. Complications following attempted rapid sequence intubation. Emerg Med J 2006; 23:162. [PMID: 16439764 PMCID: PMC2564055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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39
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Maier LM, Smyth DJ, Vella A, Payne F, Cooper JD, Pask R, Lowe C, Hulme J, Smink LJ, Fraser H, Moule C, Hunter KM, Chamberlain G, Walker N, Nutland S, Undlien DE, Rønningen KS, Guja C, Ionescu-Tîrgovişte C, Savage DA, Strachan DP, Peterson LB, Todd JA, Wicker LS, Twells RC. Construction and analysis of tag single nucleotide polymorphism maps for six human-mouse orthologous candidate genes in type 1 diabetes. BMC Genet 2005; 6:9. [PMID: 15720714 PMCID: PMC551616 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-6-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2004] [Accepted: 02/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One strategy to help identify susceptibility genes for complex, multifactorial diseases is to map disease loci in a representative animal model of the disorder. The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is a model for human type 1 diabetes. Linkage and congenic strain analyses have identified several NOD mouse Idd (insulin dependent diabetes) loci, which have been mapped to small chromosome intervals, for which the orthologous regions in the human genome can be identified. Here, we have conducted re-sequencing and association analysis of six orthologous genes identified in NOD Idd loci: NRAMP1/SLC11A1 (orthologous to Nramp1/Slc11a1 in Idd5.2), FRAP1 (orthologous to Frap1 in Idd9.2), 4-1BB/CD137/TNFRSF9 (orthologous to 4-1bb/Cd137/Tnrfrsf9 in Idd9.3), CD101/IGSF2 (orthologous to Cd101/Igsf2 in Idd10), B2M (orthologous to B2m in Idd13) and VAV3 (orthologous to Vav3 in Idd18). Results Re-sequencing of a total of 110 kb of DNA from 32 or 96 type 1 diabetes cases yielded 220 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Sixty-five SNPs, including 54 informative tag SNPs, and a microsatellite were selected and genotyped in up to 1,632 type 1 diabetes families and 1,709 cases and 1,829 controls. Conclusion None of the candidate regions showed evidence of association with type 1 diabetes (P values > 0.2), indicating that common variation in these key candidate genes does not play a major role in type 1 diabetes susceptibility in the European ancestry populations studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Maier
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Deborah J Smyth
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adrian Vella
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felicity Payne
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jason D Cooper
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca Pask
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher Lowe
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Hulme
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luc J Smink
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heather Fraser
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carolyn Moule
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kara M Hunter
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giselle Chamberlain
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil Walker
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Nutland
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dag E Undlien
- Institute and Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti S Rønningen
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cristian Guja
- Clinic of Diabetes, Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases 'N. Paulescu', Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - David A Savage
- Department of Medical Genetics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - David P Strachan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK
| | - Laurence B Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - John A Todd
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Linda S Wicker
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca C Twells
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
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40
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Abstract
A 45-year-old alcoholic man presented following several short grand-mal seizures. He was not known to be epileptic. Initial investigations demonstrated a severe lactic acidosis. The rise in lactate was one of the highest levels reported in similar patients. The patient recovered within 4 h of management with oxygen, fluids and sodium bicarbonate. Lactic acidosis following convulsions is often associated with spontaneous resolution and a favourable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hulme
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, City Hospital, Dudley Road, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK.
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41
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Ueda H, Howson JMM, Esposito L, Heward J, Snook H, Chamberlain G, Rainbow DB, Hunter KMD, Smith AN, Di Genova G, Herr MH, Dahlman I, Payne F, Smyth D, Lowe C, Twells RCJ, Howlett S, Healy B, Nutland S, Rance HE, Everett V, Smink LJ, Lam AC, Cordell HJ, Walker NM, Bordin C, Hulme J, Motzo C, Cucca F, Hess JF, Metzker ML, Rogers J, Gregory S, Allahabadia A, Nithiyananthan R, Tuomilehto-Wolf E, Tuomilehto J, Bingley P, Gillespie KM, Undlien DE, Rønningen KS, Guja C, Ionescu-Tîrgovişte C, Savage DA, Maxwell AP, Carson DJ, Patterson CC, Franklyn JA, Clayton DG, Peterson LB, Wicker LS, Todd JA, Gough SCL. Association of the T-cell regulatory gene CTLA4 with susceptibility to autoimmune disease. Nature 2003; 423:506-11. [PMID: 12724780 DOI: 10.1038/nature01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1541] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2002] [Accepted: 04/03/2003] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genes and mechanisms involved in common complex diseases, such as the autoimmune disorders that affect approximately 5% of the population, remain obscure. Here we identify polymorphisms of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 gene (CTLA4)--which encodes a vital negative regulatory molecule of the immune system--as candidates for primary determinants of risk of the common autoimmune disorders Graves' disease, autoimmune hypothyroidism and type 1 diabetes. In humans, disease susceptibility was mapped to a non-coding 6.1 kb 3' region of CTLA4, the common allelic variation of which was correlated with lower messenger RNA levels of the soluble alternative splice form of CTLA4. In the mouse model of type 1 diabetes, susceptibility was also associated with variation in CTLA-4 gene splicing with reduced production of a splice form encoding a molecule lacking the CD80/CD86 ligand-binding domain. Genetic mapping of variants conferring a small disease risk can identify pathways in complex disorders, as exemplified by our discovery of inherited, quantitative alterations of CTLA4 contributing to autoimmune tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Ueda
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, UK
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42
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Abstract
The resonant mirror sensor is a planar optical sensor platform that uses frustrated total internal reflection to couple light into and out of a leaky waveguiding layer. The evanescent wave associated with the dielectric structure is very sensitive to changes in surface refractive index caused by the binding of macromolecules to immobilised proteins or other biorecognition species such as antibodies. However, such variations can also be generated by variations in the bulk analyte solution, via changes in the composition or temperature. In the device described here, an additional buried resonant mirror layer is incorporated into the sensor structure generating an internal reference resonant mirror. The efficacy of this internal reference system is demonstrated in both chemical and immunological systems--as a pH sensor monitoring the absorption of an encapsulated sulfonephthalein dye, and as a refractive index sensor measuring the adsorption of anti-protein A and binding of its corresponding antigen. In both cases the internally referenced resonant mirror provides a means by which errors due to fluctuations in light intensity, temperature and bulk composition may be accounted for.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hulme
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Science, UMIST, Manchester, UK
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43
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Perkins GD, Hulme J, Bion JF. Peer-led resuscitation training for healthcare students: a randomised controlled study. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28:698-700. [PMID: 12107673 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-002-1291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2001] [Accepted: 03/12/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of a peer-led tuition model for training healthcare students in basic life support compared to tuition delivered by clinical tutors. DESIGN AND SETTING Randomised controlled trial in the Medical School, University of Birmingham, UK. PARTICIPANTS 122 first-year medical, dental, nursing and physiotherapy students. INTERVENTIONS Students were randomised to receive basic life support tuition from either second-year student instructors or from experienced clinical staff. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Students' practical skills, knowledge and satisfaction were tested at the end of the course. Instructor reliability was assessed throughout the course. Students taught by their peers were significantly more likely to be successful in the end-of-course practical CPR test than those taught by clinical staff (56/57 vs. 53/62). The student instructors were also found to be more reliable than clinical staff at attending the training sessions (48/48 vs. 36/48). There was no significant difference in the theoretical test results or the students' assessment of the quality of teaching. CONCLUSIONS This model of peer-led undergraduate training in basic life support provides a quality of education which is at least as good as that provided by clinical staff, while offering advantages in terms of reliability. The re-deployment of clinical tutors from basic to more advanced training may allow the overall enhancement of undergraduate resuscitation and critical care training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin D Perkins
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK.
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44
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Goddard NJ, Hulme J, Malins C, Singh K, Fielden PR. Asymmetric anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguides (arrow) as chemical sensors. Analyst 2002; 127:378-82. [PMID: 11996363 DOI: 10.1039/b109323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROW) are described which trap light in a low index layer between a lower, high-index confining layer and an upper total internal reflection boundary. In this configuration, most of the light (greater than 80%) travels in the low index porous polymer layer, the refractive index of which is monitored by examining the angle at which light is coupled out of the waveguide. It is shown that asymmetric ARROW sensors can be constructed using conventional chemical vapour deposition and spin-coating techniques and their sensitivity is as predicted by theoretical modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Goddard
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Science, UMIST, Manchester, UK.
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45
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Abstract
BACKGROUND As the focus for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment shifts away from drug therapy, we consider the effectiveness of pulsed electric stimulation which is proven to stimulate cartilage growth on the cellular level. OBJECTIVES 1)To assess the effectiveness of pulsed electric stimulation for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). 2) To assess the most effective and efficient method of applying an electromagnetic field, through pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) or electric stimulation, as well as the consideration of length of treatment, dosage, and the frequency of the applications. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched PREMEDLINE, MEDLINE, HealthSTAR, CINAHL, PEDro, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CCTR) up to and including 2001. This included searches through the coordinating offices of the trials registries of the Cochrane Field of Physical and Related Therapies and the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group for further published and unpublished articles. The electronic search was complemented by hand searches and experts in the area. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials that compared PEMF or direct electric stimulation against placebo in patients with OA. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers determined the studies to be included in the review based on inclusion and exclusion criteria (JH,VR) and extracted the data using pre-developed extraction forms for the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group. The methodological quality of the trials was assessed by the same reviewers using a validated scale (Jadad 1996). Osteoarthritis outcome measures were extracted from the publications according to OMERACT guidelines (Bellamy 1997) and additional secondary outcomes considered. MAIN RESULTS Only three studies with a total of 259 OA patients were included in the review. Electrical stimulation therapy had a small to moderate effect on outcomes for knee OA, all statistically significant with clinical benefit ranging from 13-23% greater with active treatment than with placebo. Only 2 outcomes for cervical OA were significantly different with PEMF treatment and no clinical benefit can be reported with changes of 12% or less. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Current evidence suggests that electrical stimulation therapy may provide significant improvements for knee OA, but further studies are required to confirm whether the statistically significant results shown in these trials confer to important benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hulme
- Cochrane Collaborating Center, Center for Global Health, Institute of Population Health - University of Ottawa, 1 Stewart Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5.
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46
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Abstract
The number of short 'life support' and emergency care courses available are increasing. Variability in examiner assessments has been reported previously in more traditional types of examinations but there is little data on the reliability of the assessments used on these newer courses. This study evaluated the reliability and consistency of instructor marking for the Resuscitation Council UK Advanced Life Support Course. Twenty five instructors from 15 centres throughout the UK were shown four staged video recorded defibrillation tests (one repeated) and three cardiac arrest simulation tests in order to assess inter-observer and intra-observer variability. These tests form part of the final assessment of competence on an Advanced Life Support course. Significant levels of variability were demonstrated between instructors with poor levels of agreement of 52-80% for defibrillation tests and 52-100% for cardiac arrest simulation tests. There was evidence of differences in the observation/recognition of errors and rating tendencies of instructors. Four instructors made a different pass/fail decision when shown defibrillation test 2 for a second time leading to only moderate levels of intra-observer agreement (kappa=0.43). In conclusion there is significant variability between instructors in the assessment of advanced life support skills, which may undermine the present assessment mechanisms for the advanced life support course. Validation of the assessment tools for the rapidly growing number of life support courses is required with urgent steps to improve reliability where required.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Perkins
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK.
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47
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Abstract
This randomized-controlled study examined the effects of foot massage on patients' perception of care received following surgery. The sample of 59 women who underwent laparoscopic sterilization as day case patients were randomly allocated into two groups. The experimental group received a foot massage and analgesia post-operatively, whilst the control group received only analgesia post-operatively. Each participant was asked to complete a questionnaire on the day following surgery. This examined satisfaction, memory and analgesia taken. The 76% response rate was comparable with other patient satisfaction studies following day-case surgery. Statistical analysis showed no overall significant difference in the pain experienced by the two groups; however, the mean pain scores recorded following surgery showed a significantly different pattern over time, such that the experimental group consistently reported less pain following a foot massage than the control group. This study has attempted to explore the use of foot massage in a systematic way and is therefore a basis for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hulme
- Stockport Acute Services NHS Trust, Anaesthetic Department, Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport, England
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48
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Abstract
This paper describes a novel method for delivering basic life support training to undergraduate healthcare students. A comprehensive 8 h programme is organised and delivered by undergraduate students to their peers. These students have undergone training as basic life support instructors validated by the Royal Life Saving Society UK. The course is delivered to multiprofessional groups of medical, dental, physiotherapy, biomaterial and nursing undergraduates. It has been well received by students and academic staff and provides a solution to reduce the workload of over burdened clinical staff while at the same time enhancing quality. It forms part of an overall strategy for improving resuscitation training for undergraduates from all disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Perkins
- Department of Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, UK
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49
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Perkins G, Hulme J, Shore H, Bion J. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. J R Coll Physicians Lond 1999; 33:193. [PMID: 10340276 PMCID: PMC9665675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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50
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Christie IM, Treloar P, Reddy S, Hepburn C, Hulme J, Vadgama P. Plasticized PVC as a high efficiency selective barrier for the amperometric detection of phenolics. ELECTROANAL 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140091409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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