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Helle J, Vøllestad J, Schanche E, Hjelen Stige S. From seeing difficult behaviour to recognizing legitimate needs - A qualitative study of mothers' experiences of participating in a Circle of Security Parenting program in a public mental health setting. Psychother Res 2023; 33:482-493. [PMID: 36314235 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2022.2132888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mental health challenges can interfere with caregivers' self-efficacy and their ability to engage with their children in developmentally appropriate ways. The goal of this study was to explore whether the intervention Circle of Security Parenting (COS-P) was experienced as a meaningful adjunct to psychological treatment. METHOD Individual qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve female COS-P participants, exploring how taking part in COS-P had changed the way they related to themselves and others. Data were analyzed using a team-based, reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS The analysis resulted in three main themes: (i) Connecting dots: A new perspective on one's past, (ii) Seeing oneself more clearly: Increased capacity to recognize and tend to own needs, and (iii) Gaining a map: Becoming a more competent parent. CONCLUSION Taking part in COS-P as an adjunct to psychological treatment positively impacted participants' sense of competence as mothers. They used the COS-P framework to make sense of their interaction with their child, enabling them to understand the child's behaviour and communication as expressing legitimate attachment needs. They also experienced that the course strengthened central psychological capacities, such as insight into their own developmental histories as well as increased self-awareness and self-care. Implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorunn Helle
- Solli District Psychiatric Centre (DPS), Nesttun, Norway
| | - Jon Vøllestad
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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2
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Sayar H, Vøllestad J, Nordgreen T. What I missed from my online therapist: A survey-based qualitative investigation of patient experiences of therapist contact in guided internet interventions. Front Psychol 2023; 14:990833. [PMID: 36818065 PMCID: PMC9932993 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.990833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effectiveness of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) in alleviating symptoms of psychological disorders has been demonstrated across qualitative and quantitative studies. Generally, guided ICBT is considered more effective than unguided ICBT. Yet, what therapist contact and guidance specifically add to the treatment is less clear. There is a need for more knowledge about how patients experience the relationship with their therapist in guided ICBT. The aim of the study was to explore what patients missed in the contact with their therapist in guided ICBT in routine care. Methods The study used a qualitative design to explore patients´ experiences of the therapist contact in guided ICBT for social anxiety disorder, panic disorder and major depressive disorder. Following treatment, 579 patients received a survey with the open-ended question "What did you miss in the contact with your therapist?" The responses were explored thematically using qualitative content analysis. Results A total of 608 unique responses were provided. Of these, 219 responses gave voice to some degree of perceived lack or limitation in their interaction with the therapist or the treatment in general. The analysis yielded three main categories: The first theme, Therapist-ascribed shortcomings, concerned experiences of something missing or lacking in the contact with the ICBT therapist. More specifically, the patients expressed a need for more emotionally attuned and tailored interaction. The second theme was Program obstacles, encompassing expressed wishes for increased therapist responsivity and more contact face-to-face. Self-attributed limitations, the third category, concerned patient experiences of barriers to treatment engagement as originating in themselves. Conclusion This study sheds light on what patients receiving guided ICBT in routine care missed in the contact with their therapist. The patients who expressed that something was missing in the contact with their therapist constituted a small part of the responses in the sample, even after being directly asked. The themes that emerged point to significant experiences of being inadequately related and responded to, both with potential adverse consequences for the treatment. These findings give new insights to the role of the guidance in ICBT and have implications for the training and supervision of guided ICBT therapists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Sayar
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,*Correspondence: Hanna Sayar,
| | - Jon Vøllestad
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tine Nordgreen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Tine Nordgreen,
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3
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Svendsen JL, Schanche E, Vøllestad J, Visted E, Jentschke S, Karl A, Binder PE, Osnes B, Sørensen L. Self-Compassion and Its Association With Ruminative Tendencies and Vagally Mediated Heart Rate Variability in Recurrent Major Depression. Front Psychol 2022; 13:798914. [PMID: 35330721 PMCID: PMC8940525 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.798914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most disabling mental disorders in modern society. Prior research has shown that self-compassion protects against ruminative tendencies, a key feature of recurrent MDD. In addition, self-compassion has been found to be positively related to higher psychophysiological flexibility (indexed by a higher vagally mediated heart rate variability; vmHRV) in young, healthy adults. To our knowledge, there is a lack of studies on how self-compassion relates to vmHRV in patients with recurrent MDD. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether higher self-compassion would associate with (1) lower ruminative tendencies and (2) higher vmHRV in a sample of adults with recurrent MDD. Methods We included a sample of 63 patients (46 females) between 20 and 71 years old (M = 40.24, SD = 12.8) with a history of three or more depressive episodes. They filled out the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Rumination Rating Scale (RRS). ECG (used to derive vmHRV) was acquired while resting and the square root of the mean squared differences of successive RR interval values (RMSSD) was calculated as measure of vmHRV. Results As hypothesized, self-compassion was associated with lower ruminative tendencies. However, self-compassion was not associated with level of vmHRV. Several confounding variables were controlled for in the statistical analyses, and higher age predicted lower vmHRV across all statistical analyses. Conclusion The results confirmed our hypothesis that higher self-compassion would be associated with lower ruminative tendencies in recurrent MDD. Contrary to our expectation, we did not find that the tendency to be more self-compassionate was associated with higher vmHRV. As such, higher self-compassion seems to relate with a lower tendency to ruminate about past mistakes and events but does not seem to relate to a flexible autonomic stress response (as indexed by higher vmHRV). Other potential explanatory factors for lower vmHRV in recurrent MDD is suggested as focus for exploration in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jon Vøllestad
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Endre Visted
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Anke Karl
- Mood Disorder Centre, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Per-Einar Binder
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Berge Osnes
- Bjørgvin District Psychiatric Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lin Sørensen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Schanche E, Vøllestad J, Visted E, Svendsen J, Binder P, Osnes B, Franer P, Sørensen L. Self‐criticism and self‐reassurance in individuals with recurrent depression: Effects of mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy and relationship to relapse. Couns Psychother Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon Vøllestad
- Department of Clinical Psychology University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Solli District Psychiatric Centre (DPS) Nesttun Norway
| | - Endre Visted
- Department of Clinical Psychology University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Division of Psychiatry Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Julie Svendsen
- Division of Psychiatry Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Per‐Einar Binder
- Department of Clinical Psychology University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Berge Osnes
- Division of Psychiatry Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Petter Franer
- Division of Psychiatry Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Lin Sørensen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology University of Bergen Bergen Norway
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Schanche E, Vøllestad J, Visted E, Svendsen JL, Osnes B, Binder PE, Franer P, Sørensen L. The effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on risk and protective factors of depressive relapse - a randomized wait-list controlled trial. BMC Psychol 2020; 8:57. [PMID: 32503649 PMCID: PMC7275325 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-020-00417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this randomized wait-list controlled trial was to explore the effects of Mindfulness–Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on risk and protective factors for depressive relapse within the domains of cognition, emotion and self-relatedness. Methods Sixty-eight individuals with recurrent depressive disorder were randomized to MBCT or a wait-list control condition (WLC). Results Completers of MBCT (N = 26) improved significantly on measures assessing risk and protective factors of recurrent depression compared to WLC (N = 30) on measures of rumination (d = 0.59, p = .015), emotion regulation (d = 0.50, p = .028), emotional reactivity to stress (d = 0.32, p = .048), self-compassion (d = 1.02, p < .001), mindfulness (d = 0.59, p = .010), and depression (d = 0.40, p = .018). In the Intention To Treat sample, findings were attenuated, but there were still significant results on measures of rumination, self-compassion and depression. Conclusions Findings from the present trial contribute to evidence that MBCT can lead to reduction in risk factors of depressive relapse, and strengthening of factors known to be protective of depressive relapse. The largest changes were found in the domain of self-relatedness, in the form of large effects on the participants’ ability to be less self-judgmental and more self-compassionate. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN18001392. Registered 29 June 2018
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schanche
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Jon Vøllestad
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Solli District Psychiatric Centre (DPS), Nesttun, Norway
| | - Endre Visted
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Kronstad District Psychiatric Centre (DPS), Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Julie Lillebostad Svendsen
- Kronstad District Psychiatric Centre (DPS), Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Berge Osnes
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Bjørgvin District Psychiatric Centre (DPS), Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Einar Binder
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Petter Franer
- Kronstad District Psychiatric Centre (DPS), Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lin Sørensen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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6
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Svendsen JL, Schanche E, Osnes B, Vøllestad J, Visted E, Dundas I, Nordby H, Binder PE, Sørensen L. Is Dispositional Self-Compassion Associated With Psychophysiological Flexibility Beyond Mindfulness? An Exploratory Pilot Study. Front Psychol 2020; 11:614. [PMID: 32328014 PMCID: PMC7160328 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dispositional mindfulness and self-compassion are shown to associate with less self-reported emotional distress. However, previous studies have indicated that dispositional self-compassion may be an even more important buffer against such distress than dispositional mindfulness. To our knowledge, no study has yet disentangled the relationship between dispositional self-compassion and mindfulness and level of psychophysiological flexibility as measured with vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV). The aim was thus to provide a first exploratory effort to expand previous research relying on self-report measures by including a psychophysiological measure indicative of emotional stress reactivity. METHODS Fifty-three university students filled out the "Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire" (FFMQ) and the "Self-Compassion Scale" (SCS), and their heart rate was measured during a 5 min resting electrocardiogram. Linear hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the common and unique variance explained by the total scores of the FFMQ and the SCS on level of resting vmHRV. RESULTS Higher SCS total scores associated significantly with higher levels of vmHRV also when controlling for the FFMQ total scores. The SCS uniquely explained 7% of the vmHRV. The FFMQ total scores did not associate with level of vmHRV. CONCLUSION These results offer preliminary support that dispositional self-compassion associates with better psychophysiological regulation of emotional arousal above and beyond mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lillebostad Svendsen
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Schanche
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Berge Osnes
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjørgvin District Psychiatric Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jon Vøllestad
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Solli District Psychiatric Centre, Nesttun, Norway
| | - Endre Visted
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Dundas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge Nordby
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per-Einar Binder
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lin Sørensen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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7
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Schanche E, Vøllestad J, Binder PE, Hjeltnes A, Dundas I, Nielsen GH. Participant experiences of change in mindfulness-based stress reduction for anxiety disorders. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2020; 15:1776094. [PMID: 32543979 PMCID: PMC7482889 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2020.1776094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore experiences of change among participants in a randomized clinical trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for anxiety disorders. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the subjective experiences of change for individuals with anxiety disorders after a course in MBSR. Interviews were analysed employing hermeneutic-phenomenological thematic analysis. RESULTS Five main themes were identified: 1) Something useful to do when anxiety appears, 2) Feeling more at ease, 3) Doing things my anxiety wouldn't let me, 4) Meeting what is there, and 5) Better-but not there yet. Most participants used what they had learned for instrumental purposes, and described relief from anxiety and an increased sense of personal agency. A few reported more radical acceptance of anxiety, as well as increased self-compassion. CONCLUSION Participants of MBSR both describe mindfulness as a tool to "fix" anxiety and as bringing about more fundamental change towards acceptance of their anxiety. The complexity of reported change corresponds with better handling of areas representing known transdiagnostic features of anxiety disorder, such as dysfunctional cognitive processes (including attentional biases), emotional dysregulation, avoidance behaviours, and maladaptive self-relatedness. This supports MBSR as a transdiagnostic approach to the treatment of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon Vøllestad
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Solli District Psychiatric Centre (DPS), Nesttun, Norway
| | - Per-Einar Binder
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aslak Hjeltnes
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Dundas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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8
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Visted E, Sørensen L, Vøllestad J, Osnes B, Svendsen JL, Jentschke S, Binder PE, Schanche E. The Association Between Juvenile Onset of Depression and Emotion Regulation Difficulties. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2262. [PMID: 31695636 PMCID: PMC6816416 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile onset of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with increased likelihood of recurrent episodes of depression and more detrimental clinical trajectories. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of juvenile onset of MDD on emotion regulation as measured by self-report and Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Furthermore, we wanted to assess whether juvenile onset impacted the association between rumination and depressive symptoms. Sixty-four individuals with at least three prior episodes of MDD were recruited and filled out self-report questionnaires measuring rumination and emotion regulation abilities. In addition, electrocardiographic assessments were used to calculate HRV. Based on self-reported age of MDD onset, individuals were divided in two groups: Juvenile onset of MDD (first MDD episode before the age of 18, n = 30) and adult onset of MDD (first MDD episode after the age of 18, n = 34). Results showed that individuals whose first depressive episode occurred in childhood and adolescence reported more rumination and less emotional clarity compared to individuals who had their first episode of MDD in adulthood. Moreover, the tendency to ruminate was strongly associated with depressive symptoms in the juvenile onset of MDD group, whereas no such association was found in the adult onset group. There was no significant group difference for HRV. The findings are discussed in light of existing literature, in addition to suggesting how our findings may inform clinical practice and future research. We conclude that juvenile onset of MDD may lead to difficulties in emotion regulation and that these difficulties may increase depressive symptoms and vulnerability for relapse in this particular subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Visted
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lin Sørensen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jon Vøllestad
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Solli District Psychiatric Center (DPS), Nesttun, Norway
| | - Berge Osnes
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjørgvin District Psychiatric Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Julie Lillebostad Svendsen
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Per-Einar Binder
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Visted E, Vøllestad J, Nielsen MB, Schanche E. Emotion Regulation in Current and Remitted Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2018; 9:756. [PMID: 29867700 PMCID: PMC5968125 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent, recurrent, and potentially chronic disorder. Identifying risk factors and underlying mechanisms to inform preventive and therapeutic interventions is therefore imperative. Emotion regulation is a proposed factor in the development and maintenance of MDD. The aim of the present review was to summarize and synthesize research on self-reported emotion regulation strategy use and emotion regulation abilities in adults diagnosed with current and remitted MDD. Methods: Seventy-two eligible studies were retrieved from databases through a systematic literature search. Group differences between individuals with current MDD, remitted MDD, and healthy controls were calculated using meta-analytic procedures. Meta-regression analyses investigated potential moderator effects on emotion regulation difficulties. Results: Results indicated that individuals with current MDD report higher maladaptive emotion regulation strategy use for avoidance (Hedges' g = 1.3), rumination (g = 2.1), and suppression (g = 1.1) compared to healthy controls. Also, they reported lower adaptive emotion regulation strategy use for acceptance (g = −1.0), problem solving (g = −1.0), and reappraisal (g = −0.7). Individuals with current MDD reported limited general emotion regulation abilities, indicated by higher alexithymia (g = 1.45), lower emotional awareness (g = −0.95), emotional clarity (g = −1.50) and emotional tolerance (g = −1.89). Similar results were found in individuals with remitted MDD for avoidance (g = 1.0), rumination (g = 1.1), suppression (g = 0.6), and general emotion regulation abilities. However, no difference was found between individuals with remitted MDD and healthy controls for adaptive emotion regulation strategies. Meta-regression analyses suggest that age of illness onset, comorbid anxiety and duration of remission influence emotion regulation. Conclusion: The present review and meta-analysis indicates that individuals with current and remitted MDD have difficulties with emotion regulation compared to individuals who have never been depressed. Although depressive symptoms improve, emotion regulation difficulties may continue, and could be a contributing factor to relapse. Our findings inform future research on emotion regulation and psychotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Visted
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jon Vøllestad
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Solli District Psychiatric Centre (DPS), Bergen, Norway
| | - Morten Birkeland Nielsen
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Hjeltnes A, Molde H, Schanche E, Vøllestad J, Lillebostad Svendsen J, Moltu C, Binder PE. An open trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction for young adults with social anxiety disorder. Scand J Psychol 2016; 58:80-90. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aslak Hjeltnes
- Department of Clinical Psychology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Helge Molde
- Department of Clinical Psychology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | | | - Jon Vøllestad
- Department of Clinical Psychology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- Solli District Psychiatric Centre (DPS); Bergen Norway
| | | | - Christian Moltu
- Department of Clinical Psychology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- District General Hospital of Førde; Førde Norway
| | - Per-Einar Binder
- Department of Clinical Psychology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
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11
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Hovland A, Johansen H, Sjøbø T, Vøllestad J, Nordhus IH, Pallesen S, Havik OE, Martinsen EW, Nordgreen T. A Feasibility study on Combining Internet-Based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with Physical Exercise as Treatment for Panic Disorder—Treatment Protocol and Preliminary Results. Cogn Behav Ther 2015; 44:275-87. [DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2015.1022596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Dundas I, Vøllestad J, Binder PE, Sivertsen B. The Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire in Norway. Scand J Psychol 2013; 54:250-60. [PMID: 23480438 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to adapt the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) for use in Norway. Three studies involving three different samples of university students (mean age 22 years, total N = 792) were conducted. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that a five factor structure provided an acceptable fit to the data. All five factors loaded significantly on the overall mindfulness factor. As expected, correlations between the FFMQ total scores and subscales were positive and significant, ranging from 0.45 to 0.65. Correlations between FFMQ total/subscales and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) were significant and negative (since low scores on the MAAS indicate high mindfulness), ranging from r = -0.17 to -0.69. The Norwegian FFMQ total score was inversely correlated with all indicators of psychological health: neuroticism (r = -0.61), ruminative tendencies (r = -0.41), self-related negative thinking (r = -0.40), emotion regulation difficulties (r = -0.66) and depression (r = -0.46 to r = -0.65). In contrast to the other FFMQ subscales, the FFMQ Observe subscale did not have a positive relation to psychological health in our mostly non-meditating sample. However, being able to non-judgmentally observe one's inner life and environment is a part of the mindfulness construct that might emerge more clearly with more mindfulness training. We conclude that the Norwegian FFMQ has acceptable psychometric properties and can be recommended for use in Norway, especially in studies seeking to differentiate between different aspects of mindfulness and how these may change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Dundas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Christiesgate 12, Bergen, Norway.
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13
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Vøllestad J, Nielsen MB, Nielsen GH. Mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions for anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Psychol 2011; 51:239-60. [PMID: 22803933 DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.2011.02024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions (MABIs) are receiving increasing attention in the treatment of mental disorders. These interventions might be beneficial for patients with anxiety disorders, but no prior reviews have comprehensively investigated the effects of this family of interventions on clinical samples. The aim of this study was to review and synthesize extant research on MABIs for patients with diagnoses of anxiety disorders. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of relevant databases according to pre-defined criteria. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they employed MABIs for patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders. RESULTS Nineteen eligible studies were found. Meta-analysis of within-group pre- to post-treatment effects yielded overall Hedges'g effect sizes of 1.08 for anxiety symptoms and 0.85 for depression symptoms. For controlled studies, overall between-group Hedges'g was 0.83 for anxiety symptoms and 0.72 for depression symptoms. Moderator analyses examined whether intervention type, design, treatment dosage, or patient sample was associated with systematic variation in effect sizes. No significant moderating effects were found on the variables examined, apart from an observed superiority in effect size for clinical trials on samples of patients with mixed anxiety disorders. However, differential effect sizes indicated benefits of adding specific psychotherapeutic content to mindfulness training, as well as an advantage of individual over group treatment. CONCLUSIONS MABIs are associated with robust and substantial reductions in symptoms of anxiety and comorbid depressive symptoms. More research is needed to determine the efficacy of MABIs relative to current treatments of choice, and to clarify the contribution of processes of mindfulness and acceptance to observed outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Vøllestad
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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