Effects of cytochalasin E on Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.
J Appl Microbiol 2018;
125:1296-1307. [PMID:
30053334 DOI:
10.1111/jam.14053]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS
To determine the effects of cytochalasin E, isolated from the extremophile fungus Aspergillus felis, on the cells of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Pb18.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Cytochalasin E showed a minimal inhibitory concentration of 3·6 μmol l-1 and minimum fungicidal concentration of 7·2 μmol l-1 on P. brasiliensis by in vitro microdilution and IC50 >964·0 μmol l-1 on murine macrophages. Its selectivity index (>263) indicated that this compound has selectivity for fungal cells. Morphological alterations were determined by optical and fluorescence microscopy, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Cytochalasin E affected P. brasiliensis bud-forming pseudohyphae, cell morphology, cell walls and cell membranes; caused the release of cellular material; and resulted in the production of reactive oxygen species. In murine macrophages, it affected cytoskeletal actin and inhibited phagocytosis.
CONCLUSION
Cytochalasin E may be useful as an antifungal prototype against P. brasiliensis and in studies on phagocytosis.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
Paracoccidioides spp. are the etiological agents of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Treatment is prolonged to control the clinical manifestations and prevent relapse. The study on the effects of cytochalasin E in P. brasiliensis is important because it can be used as a prototype for new antifungal drugs and consequently, broadens the treatment options for PCM.
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