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Redondo-Calvo FJ, Padín JF, Muñoz-Rodríguez JR, Serrano-Oviedo L, López-Juárez P, Porras Leal ML, González Gasca FJ, Rodríguez Martínez M, Pérez Serrano R, Sánchez Cadena A, Bejarano-Ramírez N, Muñoz Hornero C, Barberá Farré JR, Domínguez-Quesada I, Sepúlveda Berrocal MA, Villegas Fernández-Infantes MD, Manrique Romo MI, Parra Comino Á, Pérez-Ortiz JM, Gómez-Romero FJ. Aprotinin treatment against SARS-CoV-2: A randomized phase III study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a pan-protease inhibitor for moderate COVID-19. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13776. [PMID: 35342931 PMCID: PMC9111659 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 virus requires host proteases to cleave its spike protein to bind to its ACE2 target through a two-step furin-mediated entry mechanism. Aprotinin is a broad-spectrum protease inhibitor that has been employed as antiviral drug for other human respiratory viruses. Also, it has important anti-inflammatory properties for inhibiting the innate immunity contact system. METHODS This was a multicentre, double-blind, randomized trial performed in four Spanish hospitals comparing standard treatment versus standard treatment + aprotinin for patients with COVID-19 between 20 May 2020 and 20 October 2021. The primary efficacy outcomes were length of hospital stay and ICU admission. The secondary endpoints were each of the primary efficacy outcomes and a composite of oxygen therapy, analytical parameters and death. Safety outcomes included adverse reactions to treatment during a 30-day follow-up period. Treatment was given for 11 days or till discharge. RESULTS With almost identical analytical profiles, significant differences were observed in treatment time, which was 2 days lower in the aprotinin group (p = .002), and length of hospital admission, which was 5 days shorter in the aprotinin group (p = .003). The incidence of discharge was 2.19 times higher (HR: 2.188 [1.182-4.047]) in the aprotinin group than in the placebo group (p = .013). In addition, the aprotinin-treated group required less oxygen therapy and had no adverse reactions or side effects. CONCLUSION Inhaled aprotinin may improve standard treatment and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, resulting in a shorter treatment time and hospitalization compared with the placebo group. The administration of aprotinin was safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Redondo-Calvo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University General Hospital, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology), School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Juan Fernando Padín
- Translational Research Unit, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Ramón Muñoz-Rodríguez
- Department of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology), School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Pilar López-Juárez
- School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Javier González Gasca
- Department of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology), School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Raúl Pérez Serrano
- Department of Pharmacy, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Natalia Bejarano-Ramírez
- Department of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology), School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Paediatrics, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - José Ramón Barberá Farré
- Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Alcazar de San Juan, Alcazar de San Juan, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Ángel Parra Comino
- Translational Research Unit, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Manuel Pérez-Ortiz
- Department of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology), School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Gómez-Romero
- Department of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology), School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Méndez-López I, Sancho-Bielsa FJ, Engel T, García AG, Padín JF. Progressive Mitochondrial SOD1 G93A Accumulation Causes Severe Structural, Metabolic and Functional Aberrations through OPA1 Down-Regulation in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158194. [PMID: 34360957 PMCID: PMC8347639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the “non-autonomous motor neuron death” hypothesis has become more consolidated behind amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It postulates that cells other than motor neurons participate in the pathology. In fact, the involvement of the autonomic nervous system is fundamental since patients die of sudden death when they become unable to compensate for cardiorespiratory arrest. Mitochondria are thought to play a fundamental role in the physiopathology of ALS, as they are compromised in multiple ALS models in different cell types, and it also occurs in other neurodegenerative diseases. Our study aimed to uncover mitochondrial alterations in the sympathoadrenal system of a mouse model of ALS, from a structural, bioenergetic and functional perspective during disease instauration. We studied the adrenal chromaffin cell from mutant SOD1G93A mouse at pre-symptomatic and symptomatic stages. The mitochondrial accumulation of the mutated SOD1G93A protein and the down-regulation of optic atrophy protein-1 (OPA1) provoke mitochondrial ultrastructure alterations prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. These changes affect mitochondrial fusion dynamics, triggering mitochondrial maturation impairment and cristae swelling, with increased size of cristae junctions. The functional consequences are a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and changes in the bioenergetics profile, with reduced maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity of mitochondria, as well as enhanced production of reactive oxygen species. This study identifies mitochondrial dynamics regulator OPA1 as an interesting therapeutic target in ALS. Additionally, our findings in the adrenal medulla gland from presymptomatic stages highlight the relevance of sympathetic impairment in this disease. Specifically, we show new SOD1G93A toxicity pathways affecting cellular energy metabolism in non-motor neurons, which offer a possible link between cell specific metabolic phenotype and the progression of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iago Méndez-López
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.-L.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Francisco J. Sancho-Bielsa
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antonio G. García
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.-L.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Juan Fernando Padín
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.-L.); (A.G.G.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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3
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Souza Bomfim GH, Mendez-Lopez I, Arranz-Tagarro JA, Ferraz Carbonel AA, Roman-Campos D, Padín JF, Garcia AG, Jurkiewicz A, Jurkiewicz NH. Functional Upregulation of STIM-1/Orai-1-Mediated Store-Operated Ca2+ Contributing to the Hypertension Development Elicited by Chronic EtOH Consumption. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2017; 15:265-281. [PMID: 28155613 DOI: 10.2174/1570161115666170201122750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption has been associated with deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system by abnormal calcium (Ca2+) handling. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is related to cardiovascular remodeling which leads to the hypertension development, and the coupling between STIM-1 (ER Ca2+ sensor) and Orai-1 (channel pore) is a key mechanism to control SOCE through of store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCCs). However, the role of STIM-1/Orai-1-mediated SOCE and its cross-talk with EtOH-triggered vascular remodeling and hypertension remain poorly understood. We address this subject in the present study by evaluating how chronic EtOH consumption induces alterations in Ca2+ handling via SOCE. METHODS Male Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and Spontaneously Hypertensive (SHR) rats were subjected to the intake of increasing EtOH concentrations (5-20%, for 30 days). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and EtOH concentration were measured; cardiovascular remodeling was assessed by histomorphometry; and function/ expression of STIM-1/Orai-1-mediated Ca2+ influx were evaluated by isometric contraction and western blot experiments. RESULTS Compared to the WKY-Control, our results show that: (1) chronic EtOH consumption caused a significant elevation of SBP in both strains; (2) cardiac hypertrophy and hypertrophic aortic wall remodeling much more pronounced in WKY-EtOH; (3) decreased capacity of ER to store and release Ca2+; (4) increased STIM-1/Orai-1-mediated SOCCs activation, which was selectively inhibited by YM-58483; and (5) increased expression of STIM-1 in WKY-EtOH and SHR-Control rats. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that hypertrophic aortic remodeling and abnormal contraction triggered mainly by Ca2+ overload via STIM-1/Orai-1-mediated SOCE through SOCCs are involved hypertension developed by EtOH consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iago Mendez-Lopez
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando de I+D del Medicamento, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Alberto Arranz-Tagarro
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando de I+D del Medicamento, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Aparecida Ferraz Carbonel
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genetica, Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Roman-Campos
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juan Fernando Padín
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando de I+D del Medicamento, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia Garcia
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando de I+D del Medicamento, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aron Jurkiewicz
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Calvo-Gallardo E, López-Gil Á, Méndez-López I, Martínez-Ramírez C, Padín JF, García AG. Faster kinetics of quantal catecholamine release in mouse chromaffin cells stimulated with acetylcholine, compared with other secretagogues. J Neurochem 2016; 139:722-736. [PMID: 27649809 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Adrenal chromaffin cells (CCs) have been used extensively in studies aimed at revealing the intricacies of the Ca2+ -dependent early and late steps of regulated exocytosis. They have also served as invaluable models to study the kinetics of single-vesicle exocytotic events to infer the characteristics of opening and closing of the exocytotic fusion pore. We have here tested the hypothesis that stimulation at room temperature of CCs from mice C57BL/6 with physiological acetylcholine (ACh) and with other secretagogues (dimethylphenylpiperazinium, high K+ , muscarine, histamine, caffeine), alone or in combination, could trigger amperometric spike events with different kinetics. We found that mean secretory spike events in CCs stimulated with ACh had a fast rise rate of 25 pA/ms and a rapid decay time of 6.2 ms, with a small quantal size (0.31 pC). Surprisingly, these parameters considerably differed from those found in CCs stimulated with all other secretagogues that triggered secretory responses with spike events having smaller rise rates, longer decay times and higher quantal sizes. ACh spikes were unaltered by atropine but mitochondrial protonophore carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone markedly slowed down the rate rise and decay time, and augmented the quantal size of mean secretory events. We conclude that the physiological neurotransmitter ACh triggers a fast and efficient exocytotic response that cannot be mimicked by other secretagogues; such response is regulated by the mitochondrial circulation of calcium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Calvo-Gallardo
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela López-Gil
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iago Méndez-López
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez-Ramírez
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Fernando Padín
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio G García
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Padín JF, Fernández-Morales JC, de Diego AMG, García AG. Calcium Channel Subtypes and Exocytosis in Chromaffin Cells at Early Life. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2016; 8:81-6. [PMID: 25966701 DOI: 10.2174/1874467208666150507094537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we review the contribution of the various subtypes of voltage-activated calcium channels (VACCs) to the regulation of catecholamine release from chromaffin cells (CCs) at early life. Patch-clamp recording of inward currents through VACCs has revealed the expression of high-threshold VACCs (high-VACCs) of the L, N, and PQ subtypes in rat embryo CCs and ovine embryo CCs. Low-threshold VACC (low-VACC) currents (T-type) have also been recorded in rat embryo CCs and rat neonatal slices of adrenal medullae. Near full blockade by nifedipine and nimodipine of the K(+)-elicited secretion as well as the hypoxia induced secretion (HIS) supports the dominant role of L-VACC subtypes to the regulation of exocytosis at early life. Partial blockade by ω-conotoxin GVIA and ω-agatoxin IVA suggests a transient participation of N and PQ high-VACCs to the regulation of the HIS response at early stages of CC exposure to hypoxia. T-type low-VACC current did not elicit exocytosis triggered by electrical depolarising pulses applied to rat embryo CCs in one study, but largely contributed to the HIS response in neonatal rat adrenal slices in another. In spite of scarce available data, the sequence of events driving the HIS response in CCs at early life could be established as follows: (i) hypoxia blocks one or more K(+) channels; (ii) as a consequence, mild membrane depolarisation occurs; (iii) T-type low-VACCs open at membrane potentials more hyperpolarised than those required to recruit the high-VACCs; (iv) firing of action potentials then occurs; (v) fast-inactivating N and PQ high-VACCs transiently open and low-inactivating L high-VACCs remain open along the hypoxia stimulus; (vi) increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) takes place; and (vii) the exocytotic release of catecholamine occurs in two phases, an explosive initial phase, driven by Ca(2+) entry through L, N and PQ channels, followed by a more sustained catecholamine release at a slower rate driven by L-type channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fernando Padín
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando; Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Crespo-Castrillo A, Punzón E, de Pascual R, Maroto M, Padín JF, García-Álvarez I, Nanclares C, Ruiz-Pascual L, Gandía L, Fernández-Mayoralas A, García AG. Novel synthetic sulfoglycolipid IG20 facilitates exocytosis in chromaffin cells through the regulation of sodium channels. J Neurochem 2015; 135:880-96. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Crespo-Castrillo
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Eva Punzón
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Ricardo de Pascual
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Marcos Maroto
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Fernando Padín
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | | | - Carmen Nanclares
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Lucía Ruiz-Pascual
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Luis Gandía
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | | | - Antonio G. García
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria; Hospital Universitario de La Princesa; Madrid Spain
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7
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Yáñez M, Padín JF, Arranz-Tagarro JA, Camiña M, Laguna R. History and therapeutic use of MAO-A inhibitors: a historical perspective of mao-a inhibitors as antidepressant drug. Curr Top Med Chem 2013; 12:2275-82. [PMID: 23231399 DOI: 10.2174/156802612805220011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since the first generation of MAO inhibitors was developed, more than fifty years ago, this family of drugs has been ups and downs over the last decades. Actually, interest in MAO inhibitors is reviving and the emergence of new advances in the rational design of molecules and new techniques to predict the in vivo behavior has encouraged the research for new drugs with therapeutic potential in this area. The classic MAOIs have been widely used as antidepressants during the two decades after its introduction in clinic. Based on observations made on MAO inhibition by these drugs, it has been postulated hypothesis that have contributed to a better understanding of the mechanism and management of depressive disorders. However, exaggerated concerns about food and drug interactions relegated these drugs from the pharmaceutical landscape. The correct interpretation and the contextualization of side effects and the recent research findings, in which MAO selective inhibitors appear as promising agents in the treatment of emerging and high prevalence diseases, are placing these drugs again into the scientific and pharmacological focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Yáñez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, Spain.
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8
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García-Parra P, Naldaiz-Gastesi N, Maroto M, Padín JF, Goicoechea M, Aiastui A, Fernández-Morales JC, García-Belda P, Lacalle J, Álava JI, García-Verdugo JM, García AG, Izeta A, López de Munain A. Murine muscle engineered from dermal precursors: an in vitro model for skeletal muscle generation, degeneration, and fatty infiltration. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2013; 20:28-41. [PMID: 23631552 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle can be engineered by converting dermal precursors into muscle progenitors and differentiated myocytes. However, the efficiency of muscle development remains relatively low and it is currently unclear if this is due to poor characterization of the myogenic precursors, the protocols used for cell differentiation, or a combination of both. In this study, we characterized myogenic precursors present in murine dermospheres, and evaluated mature myotubes grown in a novel three-dimensional culture system. After 5-7 days of differentiation, we observed isolated, twitching myotubes followed by spontaneous contractions of the entire tissue-engineered muscle construct on an extracellular matrix (ECM). In vitro engineered myofibers expressed canonical muscle markers and exhibited a skeletal (not cardiac) muscle ultrastructure, with numerous striations and the presence of aligned, enlarged mitochondria, intertwined with sarcoplasmic reticula (SR). Engineered myofibers exhibited Na(+)- and Ca(2+)-dependent inward currents upon acetylcholine (ACh) stimulation and tetrodotoxin-sensitive spontaneous action potentials. Moreover, ACh, nicotine, and caffeine elicited cytosolic Ca(2+) transients; fiber contractions coupled to these Ca(2+) transients suggest that Ca(2+) entry is activating calcium-induced calcium release from the SR. Blockade by d-tubocurarine of ACh-elicited inward currents and Ca(2+) transients suggests nicotinic receptor involvement. Interestingly, after 1 month, engineered muscle constructs showed progressive degradation of the myofibers concomitant with fatty infiltration, paralleling the natural course of muscular degeneration. We conclude that mature myofibers may be differentiated on the ECM from myogenic precursor cells present in murine dermospheres, in an in vitro system that mimics some characteristics found in aging and muscular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García-Parra
- 1 Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Bioengineering Area, Instituto Biodonostia, Hospital Universitario Donostia , San Sebastian, Spain
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9
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Maroto M, Fernández-Morales JC, Padín JF, González JC, Hernández-Guijo JM, Montell E, Vergés J, de Diego AMG, García AG. Chondroitin sulfate, a major component of the perineuronal net, elicits inward currents, cell depolarization, and calcium transients by acting on AMPA and kainate receptors of hippocampal neurons. J Neurochem 2013; 125:205-13. [PMID: 23350646 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans (CSPGs) are the most abundant PGs of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM). Free CS could be released during ECM degradation and exert physiological functions; thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of CS on voltage- and current-clamped rat embryo hippocampal neurons in primary cultures. We found that CS elicited a whole-cell Na(+)-dependent inward current (ICS) that produced drastic cell depolarization, and a cytosolic calcium transient ([Ca(2+)]c). Those effects were similar to those elicited by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA) and kainate, were completely blocked by NBQX and CNQX, were partially blocked by GYKI, and were unaffected by MK801 and D-APV. Furthermore, ICS and AMPA currents were similarly potentiated by cyclothiazide, a positive allosteric modulator of AMPA receptors. Because CSPGs have been attributed Ca(2) (+) -dependent roles, such as neural network development, axon pathfinding, plasticity and regeneration after CNS injury, CS action after ECM degradation could be contributing to the mediation of these effects through its interaction with AMPA and kainate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Maroto
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Carlos Fernández-Morales
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Fernando Padín
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José C González
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Hernández-Guijo
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eulalia Montell
- Pre-Clinical R&D Area, Pharmascience Division, Bioibérica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Vergés
- Pre-Clinical R&D Area, Pharmascience Division, Bioibérica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio M G de Diego
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio G García
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Tenti G, Egea J, Villarroya M, León R, Fernández JC, Padín JF, Sridharan V, Ramos MT, Menéndez JC. Identification of 4,6-diaryl-1,4-dihydropyridines as a new class of neuroprotective agents. Med Chem Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md20345j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Padín JF, de Diego AM, Fernández-Morales JC, Merino C, Maroto M, Calvo-Gallardo E, Arranz JA, Yáñez M, García AG. Resveratrol augments nitric oxide generation and causes store calcium release in chromaffin cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 685:99-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Brea J, Castro M, Giraldo J, López-Giménez JF, Padín JF, Quintián F, Cadavid MI, Vilaró MT, Mengod G, Berg KA, Clarke WP, Vilardaga JP, Milligan G, Loza MI. Evidence for distinct antagonist-revealed functional states of 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) receptor homodimers. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 75:1380-91. [PMID: 19279328 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.054395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) 2A receptor is a cell surface class A G protein-coupled receptor that regulates a multitude of physiological functions of the body and is a target for antipsychotic drugs. Here we found by means of fluorescence resonance energy transfer and immunoprecipitation studies that the 5-HT(2A)-receptor homodimerized in live cells, which we linked with its antagonist-dependent fingerprint in both binding and receptor signaling. Some antagonists, like the atypical antipsychotics clozapine and risperidone, differentiate themselves from others, like the typical antipsychotic haloperidol, antagonizing these 5-HT(2A) receptor-mediated functions in a pathway-specific manner, explained here by a new model of multiple active interconvertible conformations at dimeric receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Brea
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Farmacia Industrial, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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13
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Villazón M, Padín JF, Cadavid MI, Enguix MJ, Tristán H, Orallo F, Loza MI. Functional characterization of serotonin receptors in rat isolated aorta. Biol Pharm Bull 2002; 25:584-90. [PMID: 12033497 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.25.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of serotonin (5-HT) with different specific 5-HT receptors that can coexist in the same blood vessel sometimes generate opposite effects. The aim of this study was to characterize the functional role of previously described mRNAs for 5-HT receptors in the rat aorta (5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B), 5-HT(1B), 5-HT(7)) as well as to study the known 5-HT(2A) receptor-mediated constrictor response and investigate the influences of endothelium and preconstriction on the tissue in that response. A slight endothelium- and concentration-dependent relaxant effect was observed for 5-HT in aorta precontracted with either 5 microM phenylephrine (PE) or 1 microM prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) in the presence of 0.3 microM ketanserin. EC50 values for 5-HT and alpha-methyl-5-HT relaxant responses after PE were 43.10 +/- 4.00 and 57.11 +/- 8.01 nM, respectively. pK(B) values for antagonists cyproheptadine and rauwolscine were 8.92 +/- 0.22 and 7.15 +/- 0.12, respectively. In nonprecontracted tissues, the contractile potency of 5-HT was higher in the absence of endothelium (EC50, degreesM): 2.60 +/- 0.28 and 4.12 +/- 0.21 in the absence and in the presence of endothelium, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). In precontracted tissues, the differences in EC50 values (2.22 +/- 0.40 and 4.65 +/- 0.60 microM without and with endothelium, respectively) were also statistically significant (p<0.05). pK(B) values for the 5-HT(2A) antagonist ketanserin were similar under all conditions tested. In conclusion, under our experimental conditions there are two functional 5-HT receptors in rat aorta: 5-HT(2A) contractile receptor in smooth muscle and a high-affinity relaxant receptor that mediates a very slight response and the pharmacology of which could be compatible with an endothelial 5-HT(2B) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Villazón
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, A Coruña, Spain
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