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Boulanger B, Bégin C, Bédard A, Lévy-Ndejuru J, Carbonneau É, Lemieux S. A latent profile analysis based on diet quality and eating behaviours in participants of the PREDISE study characterized by a higher BMI. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024. [PMID: 38527328 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify eating-related latent profiles based on diet quality and eating behaviours within a population characterized by a body mass index (BMI) of at least 25 kg/m2, and to compare metabolic variables between profiles. This analysis was conducted in a sample of 614 adults (45.6% women; 44.8 ± 12.9 years) from the cross-sectional PREDISE study. Participants completed the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, the Intuitive Eating Scale-2, the Regulation of Eating Behavior Scale, and three self-administered 24 h food recalls. Waist circumference, blood lipids, blood pressure, and fasting glucose were measured to identify carriers of the metabolic syndrome. A latent profile analysis was performed, and cases of metabolic syndrome were compared between profiles. A three-profile solution was found. Profile 1 (22.8%) was characterized by lower diet quality, lower self-determined motivation for eating, lower restraint, and higher intuitive eating. Profile 2 (44.5%) was characterized by higher diet quality, higher self-determined motivation for eating, higher restraint, lower disinhibition, and higher intuitive eating. Profile 3 (32.7%) was characterized by intermediate diet quality, higher non-self-determined motivation for eating, higher restraint and disinhibition, and lower intuitive eating. We found fewer cases of metabolic syndrome among participants in profile 2 than in the other profiles (p = 0.0001). This study suggests that a profile characterized by a lower disinhibition and higher levels of restraint, intuitive eating, self-determined motivation, and diet quality is associated with a better metabolic health among individuals with a higher BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Boulanger
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Catherine Bégin
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, 2325 rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Alexandra Bédard
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Julia Lévy-Ndejuru
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Élise Carbonneau
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Simone Lemieux
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Lévy-Ndejuru J, Lemieux S, Carbonneau É, Jacob R, Bégin C, Desroches S, Provencher V. Associations between mind-body practice engagement and diet quality: Exploring the mediating roles of eating behaviour traits and regulation styles for eating behaviours in the PREDISE study. Appetite 2023; 184:106495. [PMID: 36809819 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
While engaging in Mind-Body Practices (MBPs) may be related to better diet quality, its association with eating behaviours is unclear. This cross-sectional study explores whether eating behaviour traits and regulation style of eating behaviours mediate the association between MBP engagement and diet quality. A total of 418 women and 482 men, aged between 18 and 65 years and recruited as part of the PREDISE study cohort, reported whether they currently practice one or more MBP (e.g., yoga or meditation). Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI) was calculated from three 24h dietary recalls. Intuitive Eating Scale (IES-2), and Regulation of Eating Behaviour Scale were completed online. Mann-Whitney tests were conducted to compare C-HEI scores of individuals who currently engage in MBPs (practitioners) to those who do not (non-practitioners). Multiple regression analyses and bootstrapping were performed to test whether eating behaviours and regulation style of eating behaviours mediate the association between MBPs and diet quality. Overall, 88 women and 43 men were practitioners. They had higher C-HEI scores than non-practitioners (62.9 ± 13.0 vs. 55.6 ± 14.3; p = 0.001). Parallel mediation model showed significant indirect effects of the IES-2 subscale relating to Body-Food Choice Congruence (β = 1.57, SE = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.86, 2.43), self-determined motivation (β = 1.51, SE = 0.39, 95% CI:0.81, 2.32) and non-self-determined motivation (β = 0.39, SE = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.85) on the association between practitioner status and C-HEI. These findings suggest that the current practice of MBPs is associated with better diet quality, mainly through practitioners' higher intuitive eating skills and more self-determined regulation of eating behaviours. Further studies should investigate the potential impacts of MBPs on the development and maintenance of positive eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lévy-Ndejuru
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), INAF, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Simone Lemieux
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), INAF, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Élise Carbonneau
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), INAF, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Raphaëlle Jacob
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), INAF, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada.
| | - Catherine Bégin
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Sophie Desroches
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), INAF, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Véronique Provencher
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), INAF, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Tessier AJ, Lévy-Ndejuru J, Moyen A, Lawson M, Lamarche M, Morais JA, Bhullar A, Andriamampionona F, Mazurak VC, Chevalier S. A 16-week randomized controlled trial of a fish oil and whey protein-derived supplement to improve physical performance in older adults losing autonomy-A pilot study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256386. [PMID: 34424934 PMCID: PMC8382183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low functional capacity may lead to the loss of independence and institutionalization of older adults. A nutritional intervention within a rehabilitation program may attenuate loss of muscle function in this understudied population. Objective This pilot study assessed the feasibility for a larger RCT of a nutritional supplementation in older adults referred to an outpatient assessment and rehabilitation program. Methods Participants were randomized to receive a supplement (EXP: 2g fish oil with 1500 IU vitamin D3 1x/d + 20-30g whey protein powder with 3g leucine 2x/d) or isocaloric placebo (CTR: corn oil + maltodextrin powder) for 16 weeks. Handgrip and knee extension strength (using dynamometry), physical performance tests and plasma phospholipid n-3 fatty acids (using GCMS) were evaluated at weeks 0, 8 and 16; and lean soft tissue mass (using DXA), at weeks 0 and 16. Results Over 2 years, 244 patients were screened, 46 were eligible (18.9%), 20 were randomized, 10 completed the study (6 CTR, 4 EXP). Median age was 87 y (77–94 y; 75% women) and gait speed was 0.69 m/s; 55% had low strength, and all performed under 420m on the 6-minute walk test, at baseline. Overall self-reported compliance to powder and oil was high (96% and 85%) but declined at 16 weeks for fish oil (55%). The EXP median protein intake surpassed the target 1.2–1.5 g/kg/d, without altering usual diet. Proportions of plasma phospholipid EPA and DHA increased significantly 3- and 1.5-fold respectively, at week 8 in EXP, with no change in CTR. Participants were able to complete most assessments with sustained guidance. Conclusion Because of low eligibility, the pilot study was interrupted and deemed non-feasible; adherence to rigorous study assessments and to supplements was adequate except for long-term fish oil. The non-amended protocol may be applied to populations with greater functional capacity. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04454359.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Julie Tessier
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julia Lévy-Ndejuru
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Audrey Moyen
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marissa Lawson
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Lamarche
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joseé A. Morais
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amritpal Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Vera C. Mazurak
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Chevalier
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Tessier AJ, Lévy-Ndejuru J, Moyen A, Lawson M, Lamarche M, Morais J, Bhullar A, Andriamampionona F, Mazurak V, Chevalier S. A 16-week Randomized Controlled Trial of a Fish Oil and Whey Protein-Derived Supplement to Improve Physical Performance in Older Adults Losing Autonomy – A Pilot Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa040_079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Loss of autonomy is often the trigger for institutionalization of older adults. A nutritional intervention within a rehabilitation program may attenuate loss of muscle mass and function to enable continued autonomy in this understudied group of seniors. Objectives: 1) To assess the feasibility of a combined nutrient supplementation intervention with regards to recruitment, compliance, and completion of assessments in older adults losing autonomy; 2) to characterize this specific population.
Methods
Seniors taking part in a rehabilitation program were randomized to an intervention with a supplement (EXP: 2 g fish oil (EPA+ DHA) with 1500 IU vitamin D3 1x/d+ 20–30 g whey protein powder with 3 g leucine 2x/d) or placebo (CTR; corn oil and maltodextrin powder) for 16 weeks. Lean soft tissue mass (LM) and physical function were assessed. LM (DXA) was measured at weeks 0 and 16, handgrip and knee extension strength (dynamometry), physical performance tests and plasma phospholipid n-3 fatty acids (GCMS) were evaluated at weeks 0, 8 and 16.
Results
Over 2 y, 244 patients were screened, 46 were eligible (18.9%; 95% CI: 15.0, 22.8), 20 were randomized, 10 completed the study (n = 4 in EXP; n = 6 in CTR). Median age was 87 y (77–94 y; 75% women), 35% had low LM, 35% were frail, 85% were using a walking aid daily and physical performance was low, at baseline. Overall self-reported compliance to powder was 96% (95% CI: 83, 108) and to oil, 85% (95% CI: 63, 107). The EXP median protein intake alone surpassed the target 1.2–1.5 g/kg/d for older adults, without altering usual diet. Proportions of EPA and DHA increased significantly 3- and 1.5-fold respectively at week 8 in EXP, with no change in CTR. Participants were able to complete most assessments with sustained guidance.
Conclusions
Because of low eligibility limiting the pool of potential patients, the pilot study was interrupted as deemed non-feasible; however, compliance to supplements and the rigorous study assessments was high. Solutions to address recruitment, such as more liberal eligibility criteria, need to be considered in the design of a large-scale RCT before it can be carried out in this challenging population.
Funding Sources
Helen McCall Hutchison Award and Réseau québécois de la recherche sur le vieillissement of FRQS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marie Lamarche
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre
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Farahnak Z, Lévy-Ndejuru J, Lavery P, Weiler HA. Docosahexaenoic Acid at 0.4% of Dietary Weight Enhances Lean Mass in Young Female Sprague-Dawley Rats. J Nutr 2019; 149:479-487. [PMID: 30773585 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) is an n-3 (ω-3) fatty acid known for beneficial effects on body composition. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to test the dose response of lean and fat mass to DHA in healthy growing female rats. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats (7 wk at baseline; n = 12/diet) were randomly assigned to receive a control (AIN-93M; 60 g soybean oil/kg diet) or experimental diet for 10 wk. Experimental diets contained 0.1%, 0.4%, 0.8%, or 1.2% DHA (wt:wt of total diet). Imaging for whole-body and abdominal composition was conducted using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and microcomputed tomography, respectively, at weeks 0, 5, and 10. Fatty acid profiles of several tissues were analyzed using gas chromatography. Serum leptin, C-reactive protein, and plasma insulin-like growth factor I concentrations were measured at each time point using immunoassays. Data were tested using Pearson's correlations and mixed-model ANOVA. RESULTS No differences were observed in weight at baseline or food intake throughout the study. Overall, a 6% increase (P < 0.05) in whole-body and abdominal lean mass was observed in the 0.4%-DHA diet group compared with the control diet group. Moreover, the abdominal visceral fat mass was 31.4% lower in rats in the 0.4%-DHA than in the 1.2%-DHA diet group (P < 0.001). Rats in the 1.2%-DHA diet group showed greater percent differences in whole-body (32.5% and 40.6% higher) and in abdominal (33.9% and 49.4% higher) fat mass relative to the 0.1%- and 0.4%-DHA diet groups, respectively (P < 0.01). Accordingly, serum leptin concentration was lower in the 0.1%-DHA (38.2%) and 0.4%-DHA (43.8%) diet groups (P < 0.01) than in the 1.2%-DHA diet group and positively related to whole-body fat mass (r = 0.91, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Dietary DHA at 0.4% of dietary weight effectively enhances lean mass and proportionally reduces fat mass in growing female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farahnak
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julia Lévy-Ndejuru
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paula Lavery
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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