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Kisand K, Tamm AE, Lintrop M, Tamm AO. New insights into the natural course of knee osteoarthritis: early regulation of cytokines and growth factors, with emphasis on sex-dependent angiogenesis and tissue remodeling. A pilot study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:1045-1054. [PMID: 29782915 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to identify cytokine profiles associated with radiographic phenotypes of knee osteoarthritis (rKOA) with a focus on early stage of the disease. METHODS The pilot population study involved 60 middle-aged patients (mean age 50 ± 7.3y.). Standardized weight-bearing anteroposterior and axial radiographs were used to assess rKOA severity in tibiofemoral (TFJ) of patellofemoral joint (PFJ) by grading system (grades 0-3). Luminex (xMAP®) technology was used to simultaneously assess 60 biomarkers (BMs). RESULTS Several pathways of angiogenic (CXCL10/IP-10, FGF1/2, PDGF-AA/BB, ANG1, RANTES), tissue remodeling/fibrosis (MMP1/3, TIMP2/3/4, TGFβ), and fat tissue (leptin) BMs associated with rKOA severity already in very early phase (grade 1). We identified several sets of cytokines as key markers of early knee osteoarthritis (KOA) predicting radiographic features in logistic-regression models (AUC = 0.80-0.97). Marked sex-specificity of rKOA course was detected: upregulation of angiogenesis dominated in females, whereas the activation of tissue remodeling was dominant in males. Several of these shifts, e.g., decrease of CXCL10/IP-10, took place only in grade 1 KOA and disappeared or reversed in later stages. OA of different knee-joint compartments has distinct profiles of cytokines. A broad list of BMs (TIMP2/3/4, MMP1/3, TGFβ1/2, vWF-A2, sE-selectin and leptin) associated with OA in the PFJ. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that substantial and time-limited shifts in the angiogenic and TIMP/MMP systems occur in the early stage of KOA. Our study findings highlight the sex-, grade- and compartment-dependent shifts in above processes. The data may contribute to the individualized prevention of KOA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kisand
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - A E Tamm
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - M Lintrop
- Department of Radiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - A O Tamm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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Kärner J, Wawrzyniak M, Tankov S, Runnel T, Aints A, Kisand K, Altraja A, Kingo K, Akdis CA, Akdis M, Rebane A. Increased microRNA-323-3p in IL-22/IL-17-producing T cells and asthma: a role in the regulation of the TGF-β pathway and IL-22 production. Allergy 2017; 72:55-65. [PMID: 27059796 DOI: 10.1111/all.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-22- and IL-17-producing T cells have important roles in allergic diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression and modulate numerous biological processes. Little is known about the functions of miRNAs in IL-22/IL-17-producing T cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS IL-22- and IL-17-positive T cells were sorted from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by intracellular staining and dual-secretion assay. miRNA expression profiles were detected with TaqMan array microfluidic cards. T cells were transfected with miRNA mimics. Gene expression was analyzed using RT-qPCR and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in T-cell subsets and PBMCs from patients with asthma and atopic dermatitis. RESULTS The increased expression of miR-323-3p and noncoding RNA nc886 and reduced expression of miR-93, miR-181a, miR-26a, and miR-874 were detected in IL-22-producing T cells. The pathway analysis of the putative targets suggested that these differentially expressed miRNAs could impact the proliferation, differentiation, and effector functions of T cells. Further analyses showed the highest expression for miR-323-3p in IL-22- and IL-17-double-positive T cells and its capacity to suppress multiple genes from the transforming growth factor-β pathway and the production of IL-22 in T cells. An increased expression of miR-323-3p in PBMCs from patients with asthma and reverse correlation between miR-323-3p levels and IL-22 production in PBMCs cultured in T-cell growth conditions was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that miR-323-3p acts in a negative feedback loop to control the production of IL-22 in IL-22/IL-17-producing T cells and might thus impact the T-cell responses in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kärner
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - M Wawrzyniak
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - S Tankov
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - T Runnel
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Aints
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, University of Tartu and Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
| | - K Kisand
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Altraja
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - K Kingo
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - C A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - M Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - A Rebane
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Pruul K, Kisand K, Alnek K, Metsküla K, Reimand K, Heilman K, Peet A, Varik K, Peetsalu M, Einberg Ü, Tillmann V, Uibo R. Differences in B7 and CD28 family gene expression in the peripheral blood between newly diagnosed young-onset and adult-onset type 1 diabetes patients. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 412:265-71. [PMID: 25980680 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Type-1 diabetes (T1D) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease, and there are pathogenetic differences between young- and adult-onset T1D patients. We hypothesized that the expressions of genes involved in costimulatory immune system pathways in peripheral blood are differently regulated in young- and adult-onset T1D. Study group I consisted of 80 children, adolescents, and young adults (age range 1.4-21.4 y; 31 controls and 49 T1D patients). Study group II consisted of 48 adults (age range 22.0-78.4 y; 30 controls and 18 T1D patients). The mRNA expression levels of CD86, CD28, CD25, CD226, CD40, BTLA, GITR, PDCD1, FoxP3, TGF-β, ICOS, sCTLA4, flCTLA4, and CD80 were measured in peripheral blood. Genetic polymorphisms (HLA haplotypes; rs231806, rs231775, and rs3087243 in CTLA4; rs763361 in CD226; and rs706778 in CD25) and T1D-associated autoantibodies were analyzed. In group I, there was significantly lower expression of CD226 in T1D patients than in the controls. In group II, there were significantly higher expression levels of CD86 and TGF-β in T1D patients than in the controls. In the T1D patients in group I, the upregulated CD80 expression correlated with the expression of both CTLA4 splice variants (sCTLA4 and flCTLA4). In contrast, in group II, upregulated CD86 correlated with TGF-β and CD25. In group I, the inhibitory CD80-CTLA4 pathway was activated, whereas, in group II, the activation CD86-CD28 pathway and TGF-β production were activated. These results emphasize the differences between young-onset and adult-onset T1D in the regulation of costimulatory pathways. These differences should be considered when developing novel treatments for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pruul
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - K Kisand
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - K Alnek
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - K Metsküla
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - K Reimand
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - K Heilman
- Children's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, N. Lunini 6, Tartu 51014, Estonia; Tallinn Children's Hospital, Tervise 28, Tallinn 13419, Estonia
| | - A Peet
- Children's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, N. Lunini 6, Tartu 51014, Estonia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Tartu, N. Lunini 6, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - K Varik
- Surgery Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, L. Puusepa 8A, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - M Peetsalu
- Surgery Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, L. Puusepa 8A, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Ü Einberg
- Tallinn Children's Hospital, Tervise 28, Tallinn 13419, Estonia
| | - V Tillmann
- Children's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, N. Lunini 6, Tartu 51014, Estonia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Tartu, N. Lunini 6, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - R Uibo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn 10130, Estonia.
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Panarina M, Kisand K, Alnek K, Heilman K, Peet A, Uibo R. Interferon and interferon-inducible gene activation in patients with type 1 diabetes. Scand J Immunol 2014; 80:283-92. [PMID: 24965593 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that is thought to be triggered by environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. Enteroviruses have been mentioned as the most probable induction component of the disease. Nevertheless, the literature is controversial regarding the association of T1D with viral infection and first-line antiviral defence components, for example type I interferons (IFNs). Our aim was to test the hypothesis that an abnormality in IFN-stimulated gene patterns may cause a failure in immunological tolerance and, thereby, initiate T1D as an autoimmune disorder. We studied material from 64 T1D and 36 control subjects, divided into two age groups: <10 years and ≥10 years old. Using a relative gene expression method, we observed a lower expression of interferon-induced helicase 1 (IFIH1) and other type I IFN-induced genes in the blood cells of T1D subjects, especially subjects under 10 years old, in spite of their higher IFN levels as measured by the pSTAT1-inducing capacity of their sera. Likewise, freshly purified CpG-stimulated cells from T1D patients showed significantly lower upregulation of IFN-induced genes, that is IFIH1 and CXCL10, compared to cells from the control group. The identified dysregulation in the IFN-α-induced antiviral response in T1D patients, especially in early childhood, could be one of the factors affecting T1D development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Panarina
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Bio- and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Wolff ASB, Sarkadi AK, Maródi L, Kärner J, Orlova E, Oftedal BEV, Kisand K, Oláh E, Meloni A, Myhre AG, Husebye ES, Motaghedi R, Perheentupa J, Peterson P, Willcox N, Meager A. Anti-cytokine autoantibodies preceding onset of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I features in early childhood. J Clin Immunol 2013; 33:1341-8. [PMID: 24158785 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-013-9938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Almost all patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS)-I have high titer neutralizing autoantibodies to type I interferons (IFN), especially IFN-ω and IFN-α2, whatever their clinical features and onset-ages. About 90 % also have antibodies to interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17F and/or IL-22; they correlate with the chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) that affects ~90 % of patients. Our aim was to explore how early the manifestations and endocrine and cytokine autoantibodies appear in young APS-I patients. That may hold clues to very early events in the autoimmunization process in these patients. METHODS Clinical investigations and autoantibody measurements in 13 APS-I patients sampled before age 7 years, and 3 pre-symptomatic siblings with AIRE-mutations in both alleles. RESULTS Antibody titers were already high against IFN-α2 and IFN-ω at age 6 months in one sibling-8 months before onset of APS-I-and also against IL-22 at 7 months in another (still unaffected at age 5 years). In 12 of the 13 APS-I patients, antibody levels were high against IFN-ω and/or IL-22 when first tested, but only modestly positive against IFN-ω in one patient who had only hypo-parathyroidism. Endocrine organ-specific antibodies were present at age 6 months in one sibling, and as early as 36 and 48 months in two of the six informative subjects. CONCLUSION This is the first study to collate the onset of clinical features, cytokine and endocrine autoantibodies in APS-I infants and siblings. The highly restricted early autoantibody responses and clinical features they show are not easily explained by mere loss of broad-specific self-tolerance inducing mechanisms, but hint at some more sharply focused early event(s) in autoimmunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S B Wolff
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Laboratory building, 8th floor, 5021, Bergen, Norway,
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Kärner J, Meager A, Laan M, Maslovskaja J, Pihlap M, Remm A, Juronen E, Wolff ASB, Husebye ES, Podkrajšek KT, Bratanic N, Battelino T, Willcox N, Peterson P, Kisand K. Anti-cytokine autoantibodies suggest pathogenetic links with autoimmune regulator deficiency in humans and mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 171:263-72. [PMID: 23379432 PMCID: PMC3569533 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a recessive disorder resulting from mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE). The patients' autoantibodies recognize not only multiple organ-specific targets, but also many type I interferons (IFNs) and most T helper type 17 (Th17) cell-associated cytokines, whose biological actions they neutralize in vitro. These anti-cytokine autoantibodies are highly disease-specific: otherwise, they have been found only in patients with thymomas, tumours of thymic epithelial cells that fail to express AIRE. Moreover, autoantibodies against Th17 cell-associated cytokines correlate with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in both syndromes. Here, we demonstrate that the immunoglobulin (Ig)Gs but not the IgAs in APECED sera are responsible for neutralizing IFN-ω, IFN-α2a, interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-22. Their dominant subclasses proved to be IgG1 and, surprisingly, IgG4 without IgE, possibly implicating regulatory T cell responses and/or epithelia in their initiation in these AIRE-deficiency states. The epitopes on IL-22 and IFN-α2a appeared mainly conformational. We also found mainly IgG1 neutralizing autoantibodies to IL-17A in aged AIRE-deficient BALB/c mice - the first report of any target shared by these human and murine AIRE-deficiency states. We conclude that autoimmunization against cytokines in AIRE deficiency is not simply a mere side effect of chronic mucosal Candida infection, but appears to be related more closely to disease initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Kärner
- Molecular Pathology Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia
| | - A. Meager
- Biotherapeutics, National Institute for Biological Standards and ControlSouth Mimms, UK
| | - M. Laan
- Molecular Pathology Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia
| | - J. Maslovskaja
- Molecular Pathology Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia
| | - M. Pihlap
- Molecular Pathology Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia
| | - A. Remm
- Molecular Pathology Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia
| | - E. Juronen
- Immune Analyze Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia
| | - A. S. B. Wolff
- Institute of Medicine, University of BergenBergen, Norway
| | - E. S. Husebye
- Institute of Medicine, University of BergenBergen, Norway
| | - K. T. Podkrajšek
- Centre for Medical Genetics, University Children's HospitalLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - N. Bratanic
- Centre for Medical Genetics, University Children's HospitalLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - T. Battelino
- Centre for Medical Genetics, University Children's HospitalLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - N. Willcox
- Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of OxfordOxford, UK
| | - P. Peterson
- Molecular Pathology Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia
| | - K. Kisand
- Molecular Pathology Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia
- Immunology Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia
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Kerkhof HJM, Doherty M, Arden NK, Abramson SB, Attur M, Bos SD, Cooper C, Dennison EM, Doherty SA, Evangelou E, Hart DJ, Hofman A, Javaid K, Kerna I, Kisand K, Kloppenburg M, Krasnokutsky S, Maciewicz RA, Meulenbelt I, Muir KR, Rivadeneira F, Samuels J, Sezgin M, Slagboom E, Smith AJP, Spector TD, Tamm A, Tamm A, Uitterlinden AG, Wheeler M, Zhai G, Zhang W, van Meurs JBJ, Valdes AM. Large-scale meta-analysis of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist polymorphisms on risk of radiographic hip and knee osteoarthritis and severity of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:265-71. [PMID: 21146623 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the role of common genetic variation in the Interleukin-1β (IL1B) and Interleukin-1R antagonist (IL1RN) genes on risk of knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) and severity of knee OA by means of large-scale meta-analyses. METHODS We searched PubMed for articles assessing the role of IL1B and IL1RN polymorphisms/haplotypes on the risk of hip and/or knee OA. Novel data were included from eight unpublished studies. Meta-analyses were performed using fixed- and random-effects models with a total of 3595 hip OA and 5013 knee OA cases, and 6559 and 9132 controls respectively. The role of ILRN haplotypes on radiographic severity of knee OA was tested in 1918 cases with Kellgren-Lawrence (K/L) 1 or 2 compared to 199 cases with K/L 3 or 4. RESULTS The meta-analysis of six published studies retrieved from the literature search and eight unpublished studies showed no evidence of association between common genetic variation in the IL1B or IL1RN genes and risk of hip OA or knee OA (P>0.05 for rs16944, rs1143634, rs419598 and haplotype C-G-C (rs1143634, rs16944 and rs419598) previously implicated in risk of hip OA). The C-T-A haplotype formed by rs419598, rs315952 and rs9005, previously implicated in radiographic severity of knee OA, was associated with reduced severity of knee OA (odds ratio (OR)=0.71 95%CI 0.56-0.91; P=0.006, I(2)=74%), and achieved borderline statistical significance in a random-effects model (OR=0.61 95%CI 0.35-1.06 P=0.08). CONCLUSION Common genetic variation in the Interleukin-1 region is not associated with prevalence of hip or knee OA but our data suggest that IL1RN might have a role in severity of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J M Kerkhof
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wolff ASB, Oftedal BEV, Kisand K, Ersvaer E, Lima K, Husebye ES. Flow cytometry study of blood cell subtypes reflects autoimmune and inflammatory processes in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I. Scand J Immunol 2010; 71:459-67. [PMID: 20500699 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS I) is a recessive disorder caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. AIRE is expressed in medullary epithelial cells where it activates transcription of organ-specific proteins in thymus, thereby regulating autoimmunity. Patients with APS I have, in addition to autoimmune manifestations in endocrine organs, also often ectodermal dystrophies and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. The aim of this study was to characterize immune cell subpopulations in patients with APS I and their close relatives. Extensive blood mononuclear cell immunophenotyping was carried out on 19 patients with APS I, 18 first grade relatives and corresponding sex- and age-matched healthy controls using flow cytometry. We found a significant relative reduction in T helper cells coexpressing CCR6 and CXCR3 in patients with APS I compared to controls (mean = 4.10% versus 5.94% respectively, P = 0.035). The pools of CD16(+) monocytes and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were also lower in patients compared with healthy individuals (mean = 15.75% versus 26.78%, P = 0.028 and mean = 4.12% versus 6.73%, P = 0.029, respectively). This is the first report describing reduced numbers of CCR6(+)CXCR3(+) T helper cells and CD16(+) monocytes in patients with APS I We further confirm previous findings of reduced numbers of Tregs in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S B Wolff
- Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Valdes AM, Arden NK, Tamm A, Kisand K, Doherty S, Pola E, Cooper C, Tamm A, Muir KR, Kerna I, Hart D, O'Neil F, Zhang W, Spector TD, Maciewicz RA, Doherty M. A meta-analysis of interleukin-6 promoter polymorphisms on risk of hip and knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:699-704. [PMID: 20175976 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-6 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). We investigated the role of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapping to the promoter of the IL-6 gene on genetic susceptibility to hip and knee OA. METHODS The -174G/C (rs1800795) and -597G/A (rs1800797) SNPs, implicated in the literature in risk of hip and hand OA, were genotyped in 2511 controls, 1101 hip OA cases and 1904 knee OA cases from four cohorts from the UK and Estonia. Data were analysed in conjuntion with published data on rs1800797 from the Genetics of OA and Lifestyle study (UK) on 791 controls, 1034 knee and 997 hip OA cases and rs1800795 data on 75 hip OA cases and 96 controls from Italy. Cases included both radiographic OA only and radiographic and symptomatic OA. Fixed and random-effects meta-analysis models were tested. RESULTS No significant association was found with hip OA or knee OA with either SNP nor with the haplotypes formed by them. For individual SNPs the smallest P-value for hip OA was observed using a random-effects model for rs1800795 OR(Gallele)=1.066 (95% CI 0.89-1.28) P<0.49, and significant heterogeneity between cohorts (I(2)=65%, P<0.034) was detected. For knee OA the smallest P-value was seen for rs1800797 OR(Aallele)=1.055 (95%CI 0.98-1.12) P<0.18, no significant heterogeneity was observed (I(2)=0%, P<0.68). CONCLUSIONS Our data do not support a role for the -174 and -597 IL-6 promoter polymorphisms in genetic susceptibility to knee or hip OA in Caucasian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Valdes
- Department of Twin Research, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, Kings College London School of Medicine London, UK.
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Kerna I, Kisand K, Tamm AE, Lintrop M, Veske K, Tamm AO. Missense single nucleotide polymorphism of the ADAM12 gene is associated with radiographic knee osteoarthritis in middle-aged Estonian cohort. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009; 17:1093-8. [PMID: 19268722 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One of the recognized candidate genes of osteoarthritis (OA) is the ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 (meltrin alpha) gene. We investigated the potential role of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the ADAM12 gene in susceptibility to radiographic knee OA and its progression in an Estonian cohort. METHODS The rs3740199 and rs1871054 polymorphisms were genotyped according to restriction fragment polymorphism in a population-based cohort consisting of 189 subjects selected from the age group 32-55 years. The radiological features of OA were measured in the tibio- and patellofemoral joints (PFJ). The X-ray investigation was repeated 3 years later for estimation of OA progression. RESULTS We found statistically significant association between rs3740199 polymorphism and patellofemoral OA in male patients (P=0.014), genetic risk was mostly related to CC homozygosity. The same SNP also affected the presence of advanced grade (II+III) osteophytes in the whole group (P=0.042) and the occurrence of osteophytes on the patellar margins in the PFJ (P=0.046). In OA progression the most significant association was found between joint space narrowing of the tibiofemoral joint and rs3740199 SNP in women (P=0.018). The rs1871054 polymorphism was not related to OA susceptibility or to progression traits. In our study the haplotype GC (rs3740199/rs1871054) was associated with reduced risk for development of osteophytes in the PFJ (P=0.041). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that rs3740199 polymorphism may affect occurrence of knee OA and its progression. We also hypothesize that the genetic contribution of ADAM12 to OA is remarkably gender-dependent and anatomical site-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kerna
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Tartu, Puusepa 6-222, Tartru 51014, Estonia.
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11
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Abstract
The rs763361 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the CD226 gene has recently been reported as a novel susceptible locus for type 1 diabetes. The CD226 gene is implicated in the regulation of a number of cells involved in immune mechanisms leading to beta-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to confirm the association of the CD226 gene with type 1 diabetes in Estonian population. The TT genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 2.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.25-4.18, P = 0.0071) and the T allele (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.11-1.98, P = 0.0084) of the rs763361 SNP were associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes. The current study replicates the novel association of the rs763361 SNP in susceptibility of type 1 diabetes and supports the CD226 gene as a susceptible candidate locus for type 1 diabetes outside the major histocompatibility complex region.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Douroudis
- Immunology Group, Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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12
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Douroudis K, Prans E, Haller K, Nemvalts V, Rajasalu T, Tillmann V, Kisand K, Uibo R. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 gene variants at position 1858 are associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Estonian population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 72:425-30. [PMID: 18764813 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) is considered an important regulator of T-cell activation. Polymorphisms within the PTPN22 gene have been suggested to confer susceptibility to autoimmune endocrine disorders. To evaluate the impact of a functional variation in the PTPN22 gene in type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), the PTPN22 C1858T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was studied in the population of Estonian origin, including 170 T1D patients, 244 T2D patients and 230 controls. Using two methods for PTPN22 C1858T detection in parallel, we found that not only T1D but also T2D is associated with the PTPN22 1858T allele. The role of PTPN22 gene in the pathogenesis of T2D is yet unclear and needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Douroudis
- Department of Immunology, IGMP, Centre of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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13
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Kullisaar T, Türk S, Punab M, Korrovits P, Kisand K, Rehema A, Zilmer K, Zilmer M, Mändar R. Oxidative stress in leucocytospermic prostatitis patients: preliminary results. Andrologia 2008; 40:161-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2007.00816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Rajasalu T, Haller K, Salur L, Kisand K, Tillmann V, Schlosser M, Uibo R. Insulin VNTR I/III genotype is associated with autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2007; 23:567-71. [PMID: 17461431 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In type 1 diabetes (T1D), the influence of age at diagnosis and of the IDDM1 and IDDM2 genetic susceptibility loci on the profile of beta-cell autoantibodies has been demonstrated. We studied these associations in a group of 92 patients (children, adolescents and adults, aged 2-62 years) with newly diagnosed T1D. METHODS The prevalence of the HLA-DQB1*02 and *0302 alleles and of the classes of variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) of the insulin gene (INS), and of beta-cell autoantibodies (GADA, IA-2A, ICA and IAA) was determined. Statistical analysis was performed using linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS The presence of IAA, IA-2A and ICA, but not of GADA, was negatively associated with age at diagnosis. Younger patients were more likely to have multiple autoantibodies. There was a tendency of a higher prevalence of IAA in patients with the HLA-DQB1*02/0302 genotype or with the DQB1*0302 allele compared to patients lacking these markers. As a novel observation, the INS VNTR I/III genotype was significantly associated with the presence of GADA (OR = 4.79; p = 0.018). CONCLUSION The association between the INS VNTR I/III genotype and GADA may suggest that in patients with T1D lacking the INS VNTR I/I genotype, the effect of other susceptibility factors prevails, which promotes the development of autoimmunity to beta-cell antigens other than insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rajasalu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia
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15
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Haller K, Kisand K, Pisarev H, Salur L, Laisk T, Nemvalts V, Uibo R. Insulin gene VNTR, CTLA-4 +49A/G and HLA-DQB1 alleles distinguish latent autoimmune diabetes in adults from type 1 diabetes and from type 2 diabetes group. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69:121-7. [PMID: 17257313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00745.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has underlined the need to explore pathogenic, genetic and clinical spectrum of adult onset autoimmune diabetes, also known as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). We aimed to investigate whether genetic factors that are associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) susceptibility, namely HLA-DQB1 alleles, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 gene (CTLA-4) and insulin gene (INS) polymorphisms, are also associated with an atypical subset of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The case-control study included 70 T1D, 305 T2D and 252 nondiabetic controls. The T2D group was divided into atypical T2D (LADA, n = 61) or typical T2D (n = 244) subgroups based on the presence of at least one pancreas-specific antibody. Our data suggested that HLA-DQB1 alleles of all three risk classes, INS variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) I/I and CTLA-4 +49 GG or AG genotypes, were independent risk factors for developing LADA and could be used as a diagnostic tool to discriminate between LADA and T2D. Additionally, there was an increased association between LADA and CTLA-4 diabetes-susceptibility genotypes and decreased association with INS VNTR and high-risk HLA-DQB1 alleles, compared with T1D. Our study suggested the need for further investigation into the genetic background and functional genomics of LADA in comparison with T1D and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Haller
- Department of Immunology, Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, Centre of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated an association of type 1 diabetes with specific alleles of HLA class II molecules, as with polymorphisms of insulin gene region. The aim of our study was to evaluate the interaction of insulin -2221 MspI polymorphism to type 1 diabetes susceptibility in connection with autoimmunity associated gene--CTLA-4 polymorphism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Insulin -2221 MspI C/T and CTLA-4 +49 A/G polymorphisms were detected by restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis or oligonucleotide hybridization in type 1 (n = 69), type 2 diabetes (n = 301) patients and 158 healthy controls. Regression model adjusted for age, gender and gene polymorphisms was studied. RESULTS C-allele of insulin -2221 MspI and G-allele of +49 CTLA-4 were significant risk factors for type 1 diabetes (crude OR 3.53 and 1.59, respectively) and this impact increased in the homozygous form of both alleles. The regression model supported the idea of insulin CC and CTLA-4 GG genotypes for an independent and clearly significant risk for developing type 1 diabetes. We could not detect any significant correlation between investigated polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS There exists a significant association between the C-allele of -2221 MspI in the insulin gene and type 1 diabetes. The CTLA-4 G-allele is also positively correlated with type 1 diabetes. According to the regression model the investigated gene polymorphisms are independent risk factors for development of type 1 diabetes in the Estonian population. We propose that -2221 MspI is a good marker for evaluation of risk of insulin gene haplotype in type 1 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Haller
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Prükk T, Kisand K, Salur L, Metsküla K, Uibo R. Seroprevalence of tick-borne Lyme borreliosis in a defined population in Estonia. Scand J Infect Dis 1999; 31:421-2. [PMID: 10528887 DOI: 10.1080/00365549950163923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sera from 200 randomly selected individuals living in Karksi Nuia, south Estonia, near an area endemic for tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis (LB), were tested for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi. Antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 6 individuals (3%; 95% CI: 1-5%), who were middle-aged, asymptomatic anti-nuclear and anti-smooth muscle antibody negative. Our data show that there is low seroprevalence rate of antibodies to B. burgdorferi in an unselected south Estonian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Prükk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu, Estonia
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Kadaja L, Peet N, Seppet E, Kisand K, Uibo R. Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in vivo by immunoglobulin G from the patients with liver diseases. Pathophysiology 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4680(98)80773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Uibo R, Vorobjova T, Metsküla K, Kisand K, Wadström T, Kivik T. Association of Helicobacter pylori and gastric autoimmunity: a population-based study. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1995; 11:65-8. [PMID: 7599605 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.1995.tb00079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Based on clinical studies, a negative association between Helicobacter pylori and autoimmune corpus gastritis is described. In the present investigation of an unselected population of 1461 adults we can state, however, that there exists a relationship between H. pylori infection and the development of gastric corpus autoimmunity. As confirmation for the gastric autoantibody development through molecular mimicry, a high homology (72% in 25 amino acid overlap) between the beta subunit of H. pylori urease and that of H + K + ATPase, the gastric parietal cell autoantigen, was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Uibo
- Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu, Estonia
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Kisand K, Kisand K, Salupere V, Uibo R. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the determination of IgG, IgA, and IgM autoantibodies to pyruvate dehydrogenase in primary biliary cirrhosis. Int J Clin Lab Res 1994; 24:98-101. [PMID: 7919436 DOI: 10.1007/bf02593908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibodies to the recently described mitochondrial autoantigen, pyruvate dehydrogenase, have been shown to be specific for primary biliary cirrhosis. In the present study we describe enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect antibodies of IgG, IgA, and IgM classes reactive with pyruvate dehydrogenase. These assays showed high sensitivity (95%) and specificity (100%) for primary biliary cirrhosis when evaluated in 28 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, 59 disease controls, and 214 healthy persons. Quantitation of these autoantibodies by calculating the areas under the sera titration curves of 10 primary biliary cirrhosis patients indicated that an increase in IgA antibodies to pyruvate dehydrogenase is related to more rapid disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kisand
- Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu University, Estonia
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Fixa B, Komárková O, Krejsek K, Bures J, Nozicka Z, Giorcelli W, Rodi M, Camisasca G, Martinotti RG, Mendall MA, Goggin PM, Molineaux N, Levy J, Toosy T, Strachan D, Northfield TC, Vorobjova T, Vassiljev V, Kisand K, Wadström T, Uibo R, Zotz RB, Xu SG, Recklinghausen GV, Meusers P, Goebell H, Rhee KH, Youn HS, Paik SK, Lee WK, Cho MJ, Park CK, Li Y, Hu P, Du G, Wong Z, Hazell SL, Mitchell HM, Korwin JDD, Remot P, Hartemann P, Catelle A, Conroy MC, Schmitt J, Stolte M, Wellens E, Bethke B, Ritter M, Eidt H, Zanten SVV, Best L, Bezanson G, Marrie T, Poniewierka E, Gosciniak G, Matysiak-Budnik T, Quatrini M, Boni F, Baldassarri AR, Vecchi AD, Castelnovo C, Viganò E, Tenconi L, Bianchi PA, Carlucci A, Ferrini G, Bianco I, Larcinese G, Sciascio AD, Fly GF, Hauge T, Persson J, Coelho LGV, Teixeira MM, Passos MCF, Givisiez CB, Santos CMFR, Rodrigues CJS, Chausson Y, Castro LP, Hyvärinen H, Seppälä K, Kivilaakso E, Kosunen T, Gormse M, Pilotto A, Vianello F, Tornaboni D, Dotto P, Battaglia G, Binda F, Mario FD, Donisi PM, Pasini M, Benve-nuti ME, Stracca-Pansa V, Pasquino M, Jablonowski H, Szelényi H, Hengels KJ, Strohmeyer G, Banatvala N, Mayo K, Megraud F, Jennings R, Deeks JJ, Feldman RA, Bulighin G, Ederie A, Pilati S, Franzin G, Zamboni G, Maran M, Musola R, Tobin A, Hackman RC, McDonald GB, Fatela N, Cristino JM, Monteiro L, Ramalho F, Saragoça A, Salgado MJ, Moura MCD, Pretolani S, Gasbarrini G, Bonvicini F, Baraldini M, Tonelli E, Gatto MRA, Ghironzi GC, égraud FM, Bouchard S, Lubcvzumiska-Kowalska W, Knapik Z, Meenan J, Goggins M, Shahi C, Keeling PWN, Keane C, Weir DG, Vaira D, Miglioli M, Mulè P, Holten J, Menegati M, Biasco G, Vergura M, Nannetti A, Barbara L, Boschini A, Begnini M, Menegatti M, Ghira C, D’Errico A, Evans DG, Asnicar MA, Evans DJ, Graham DY, Lee CH, Coschieri M, Fosse T, Paul MCS, Michiels JR, Delmont JP, Péroux JL, Pradier C, Rampai P, Pazzi P, Merighi A, Gamberini S, Scarliarini R, Bicochi R, Libanore M, Bisi G, Gulllini S. Epidemiology. Ir J Med Sci 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02942891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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