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Gallus M, Ciuraru R, Mothes F, Akylas V, Barmpas F, Beeldens A, Bernard F, Boonen E, Boréave A, Cazaunau M, Charbonnel N, Chen H, Daële V, Dupart Y, Gaimoz C, Grosselin B, Herrmann H, Ifang S, Kurtenbach R, Maille M, Marjanovic I, Michoud V, Mellouki A, Miet K, Moussiopoulos N, Poulain L, Zapf P, George C, Doussin JF, Kleffmann J. Photocatalytic abatement results from a model street canyon. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:18185-18196. [PMID: 26178827 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
During the European Life+ project PhotoPAQ (Demonstration of Photocatalytic remediation Processes on Air Quality), photocatalytic remediation of nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and airborne particles on photocatalytic cementitious coating materials was studied in an artificial street canyon setup by comparing with a colocated nonactive reference canyon of the same dimension (5 × 5 × 53 m). Although the photocatalytic material showed reasonably high activity in laboratory studies, no significant reduction of NOx, O3, and VOCs and no impact on particle mass, size distribution, and chemical composition were observed in the field campaign. When comparing nighttime and daytime correlation plots of the two canyons, an average upper limit NOx remediation of ≤2% was derived. This result is consistent only with three recent field studies on photocatalytic NOx remediation in the urban atmosphere, whereas much higher reductions were obtained in most other field investigations. Reasons for the controversial results are discussed, and a more consistent picture of the quantitative remediation is obtained after extrapolation of the results from the various field campaigns to realistic main urban street canyon conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gallus
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie/FB C, Bergische Universität Wuppertal (BUW), Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Ciuraru
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC UMR 5805, F-33405, Talence cedex, France
- CNRS, EPOC UMR 5805, F-33405, Talence cedex, France
| | - F Mothes
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - V Akylas
- Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Environmental Engineering (LHTEE), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Box 483, GR 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - F Barmpas
- Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Environmental Engineering (LHTEE), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Box 483, GR 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Beeldens
- Belgian Road Research Centre (BRRC), Woluwedal 42-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Bernard
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France
| | - E Boonen
- Belgian Road Research Centre (BRRC), Woluwedal 42-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Boréave
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France
| | - M Cazaunau
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS (UPR 3021)/OSUC, 1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | - N Charbonnel
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France
| | - H Chen
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS (UPR 3021)/OSUC, 1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | - V Daële
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS (UPR 3021)/OSUC, 1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | - Y Dupart
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France
| | - C Gaimoz
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - B Grosselin
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS (UPR 3021)/OSUC, 1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | - H Herrmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Ifang
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie/FB C, Bergische Universität Wuppertal (BUW), Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Kurtenbach
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie/FB C, Bergische Universität Wuppertal (BUW), Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Maille
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - I Marjanovic
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - V Michoud
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - A Mellouki
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS (UPR 3021)/OSUC, 1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | - K Miet
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - N Moussiopoulos
- Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Environmental Engineering (LHTEE), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Box 483, GR 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - L Poulain
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - P Zapf
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - C George
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France
| | - J F Doussin
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - J Kleffmann
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie/FB C, Bergische Universität Wuppertal (BUW), Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
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Boonen E, Akylas V, Barmpas F, Boréave A, Bottalico L, Cazaunau M, Chen H, Daële V, De Marco T, Doussin JF, Gaimoz C, Gallus M, George C, Grand N, Grosselin B, Guerrini GL, Herrmann H, Ifang S, Kleffmann J, Kurtenbach R, Maille M, Manganelli G, Mellouki A, Miet K, Mothes F, Moussiopoulos N, Poulain L, Rabe R, Zapf P, Beeldens A. Construction of a photocatalytic de-polluting field site in the Leopold II tunnel in Brussels. J Environ Manage 2015; 155:136-144. [PMID: 25863437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Within the framework of the European Life+-funded project PhotoPAQ (Demonstration of Photocatalytic remediation Processes on Air Quality), which was aimed at demonstrating the effectiveness of photocatalytic coating materials on a realistic scale, a photocatalytic de-polluting field site was set up in the Leopold II tunnel in Brussels, Belgium. For that purpose, photocatalytic cementitious materials were applied on the side walls and ceiling of selected test sections inside a one-way tunnel tube. This article presents the configuration of the test sections used and the preparation and implementation of the measuring campaigns inside the Leopold II tunnel. While emphasizing on how to implement measuring campaigns under such conditions, difficulties encountered during these extensive field campaigns are presented and discussed. This included the severe de-activation observed for the investigated material under the polluted tunnel conditions, which was revealed by additional laboratory experiments on photocatalytic samples that were exposed to tunnel air. Finally, recommendations for future applications of photocatalytic building materials inside tunnels are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Boonen
- Belgian Road Research Centre (BRRC), Woluwedal 42, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - V Akylas
- Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Environmental Engineering (LHTEE), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Box 483, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - F Barmpas
- Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Environmental Engineering (LHTEE), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Box 483, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Boréave
- Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, Lyon F 6962, France
| | - L Bottalico
- CTG Italcementi Group, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - M Cazaunau
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS (UPR 3021)/OSUC, 1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | - H Chen
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS (UPR 3021)/OSUC, 1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | - V Daële
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS (UPR 3021)/OSUC, 1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | - T De Marco
- CTG Italcementi Group, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - J F Doussin
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - C Gaimoz
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - M Gallus
- Physikalische Chemie /FB C, Bergische Universität Wuppertal (BUW), Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - C George
- Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, Lyon F 6962, France
| | - N Grand
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - B Grosselin
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS (UPR 3021)/OSUC, 1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | - G L Guerrini
- Italcementi Group, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - H Herrmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Dept., Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Ifang
- Physikalische Chemie /FB C, Bergische Universität Wuppertal (BUW), Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Kleffmann
- Physikalische Chemie /FB C, Bergische Universität Wuppertal (BUW), Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Kurtenbach
- Physikalische Chemie /FB C, Bergische Universität Wuppertal (BUW), Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Maille
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - G Manganelli
- CTG Italcementi Group, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - A Mellouki
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS (UPR 3021)/OSUC, 1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | - K Miet
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - F Mothes
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Dept., Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - N Moussiopoulos
- Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Environmental Engineering (LHTEE), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Box 483, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - L Poulain
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Dept., Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - R Rabe
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Dept., Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - P Zapf
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - A Beeldens
- Belgian Road Research Centre (BRRC), Woluwedal 42, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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