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Yadav M, Maurya AK, Behera K, Chiu FC, Rhee KY. Physical properties of cellulose nanocrystal/magnesium oxide/chitosan transparent composite films for packaging applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130560. [PMID: 38431019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Hitherto unreported hybrid nanofillers (CNC:MgO) reinforced chitosan (CTS) based composite (CNC:MgO)/CTS films were synthesized using a solution-casting blend technique and synergistic effect of hybrid nanofiller in terms of properties enhancement were investigated. Optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to characterize the films. The hybrid nanofiller considerably changed the transparency and color of the CTS films. The tensile strengths of (3 wt%) CNC/CTS, (3 wt%) MgO/CTS, (1:1)(CNC:MgO)/CTS, (1:2)(CNC:MgO)/CTS and (2:1)(CNC:MgO)/CTS films were 27.49 %, 35.60 %, 91.62 %, 38.22 %, and 29.32 % higher than pristine CTS films respectively, while the water vapor permeation were 28.21 %, 30.77 %, 34.62 %, 38.46 %, and 37.44 % lower than pristine CTS film, respectively. Moreover, the CTS composite films exhibited an improvement in overall water barrier properties after incorporating hybrid nanofillers. Our observations suggest that chitosan-based hybrid nanofiller composite films are a good replacement for plastic-based packaging materials within the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithilesh Yadav
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) institute of Physical Sciences for Study and Research, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, U.P. 222003, India.
| | - Anil Kumar Maurya
- Department of Chemistry, Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) institute of Physical Sciences for Study and Research, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, U.P. 222003, India
| | - Kartik Behera
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Chyou Chiu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - K Y Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 446-701 Yongin, Republic of Korea.
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Kim SH, Oh CS, Kim TH, Park S, Rhee KY. Preoperative FIBTEM Predicts Postoperative Hemorrhage in Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Knee Surg 2018; 31:889-894. [PMID: 29298453 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1620234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
FIBTEM parameters might predict the amount of postoperative hemorrhage following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), because fibrin polymerization and fibrinolysis have a central role in postoperative hemorrhage following TKA. This study retrospectively evaluated 54 patients who had undergone unilateral primary TKA. Laboratory coagulation parameters, including FIBTEM, were recorded before anesthesia induction and after admission to the postanesthetic care unit. The decrease in hemoglobin (Hb), amount of hemorrhage via closed suction drainage, fluid administration, and amount transfused were reviewed postoperatively. The preoperative FIBTEM amplitudes 10 (A10) and 20 (A20) minutes after clotting time and maximum clot firmness (MCF) had the highest correlations with the postoperative decrease in Hb (p = 0.001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.003, respectively). The preoperative FIBTEM A10 <19 mm, A20 <20 mm, and MCF < 21 mm predicted > 3.0 g/dL postoperative Hb decrement from the postanesthetic Hb value (p = 0.004, p = 0.007, and p = 0.012, respectively). Preoperative FIBTEM can predict the amount of postoperative hemorrhage following TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hyop Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Centre, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Sik Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Centre, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Centre, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sewon Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Centre, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Young Rhee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Centre, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cheon BK, Kim CL, Kim KR, Kang MH, Lim JA, Woo NS, Rhee KY, Kim HK, Kim JH. Radiation safety: a focus on lead aprons and thyroid shields in interventional pain management. Korean J Pain 2018; 31:244-252. [PMID: 30310549 PMCID: PMC6177538 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2018.31.4.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C-arm fluoroscopy is useful equipment in interventional pain management because it helps to guide correct needle targeting for the accurate injection and drug delivery. However, due to increased use of C-arm fluoroscopy in various pain procedures, the risk of radiation exposure is a significant concern for pain physicians. The harmful biological effects of ionizing radiation on the human body are well known. It is therefore necessary to strive to reduce radiation exposure. Lead aprons with thyroid shields are the most fundamental radiation protective devices for interventional procedures, and are very effective. However, the operator's radiation safety cannot be guaranteed because pain physicians seem to lack sufficient interest, knowledge, and awareness about radiation safety. Also, inappropriate care and use of radiation protective devices may result in a higher risk of radiation exposure. The purpose of this article was to review the literature on radiation safety with a focus on lead aprons and thyroid shields and present recommendations related to those devices during C-arm fluoroscopic-guided interventions by pain physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyung Cheon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cho Long Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka Ram Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Hye Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Ae Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Sik Woo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka Young Rhee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Kyoung Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Oh CS, Kim SH, Lee J, Rhee KY. Impact of remote ischaemic preconditioning on cerebral oxygenation during total knee arthroplasty. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:115-122. [PMID: 28260986 PMCID: PMC5332839 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.17227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ischaemic reperfusion injury (IRI) after tourniquet release during total knee arthroplasty (TKR) is related to postoperative cerebral complications. Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) is known to minimise IRI in previous studies. Thus, we evaluated the effect of RIPC on regional cerebral oxygenation after tourniquet release during TKR. Methods: Patients undergoing TKR were randomly allocated to not receive RIPC (control group) and to receive RIPC (RIPC group). Regional cerebral oxygenation and pulmonary oxygenation were assessed up to 24 h postoperatively. The changes in serum cytokine and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were assessed and arterial blood gas analysis was performed. Total transfusion amounts and postoperative bleeding were also examined. Results: In total, 72 patients were included in the final analysis. Regional cerebral oxygenation (P < 0.001 in the left side, P = 0.003 in the right side) with pulmonary oxygenation (P = 0.001) was significantly higher in the RIPC group. The serum LDH was significantly lower in the RIPC group at 1 h and 24 h postoperatively (P < 0.001). The 24 h postoperative transfusion (P = 0.002) and bleeding amount (P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the RIPC group. Conclusions: RIPC increased cerebral oxygenation after tourniquet release during TKR by improving pulmonary oxygenation. Additionally, RIPC decreased the transfusion and bleeding amount with the serum LDH level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Sik Oh
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Centre, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Hyop Kim
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Centre, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea;; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaemoon Lee
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Centre, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka Young Rhee
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Centre, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea;; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Oh CS, Rhee KY, Yoon TG, Kim SH. Assessment of thrombosis in right internal jugular vein after percutaneous superior vena cava catheter insertion during cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 152:1592-1599. [PMID: 27692947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the incidence of percutaneous superior vena cava catheter-related thrombosis and identified risk factors for developing the condition in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS A total of 121 patients were evaluated. A percutaneous superior vena cava catheter was inserted into the right internal jugular vein during cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The right internal jugular vein was evaluated using ultrasonography, including cross-sectional area and velocity just before insertion of the percutaneous superior vena cava catheter (preoperative) and 24 hours and 48 hours after its insertion. If an echogenic mass was detected in the right internal jugular vein, the size was measured. RESULTS The incidence of thrombosis in the right internal jugular vein was 56.2%. Change in the right internal jugular vein cross-sectional area and velocity had no clinical implications. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified age (odds ratio, 1.061; 95% confidence interval, 1.022-1.101; P = .002), superior vena cava catheter indwelling duration (odds ratio, 1.015; 95% confidence interval, 1.008-1.023; P < .001), and amount of transfusion platelet concentrate (odds ratio, 1.155; 95% confidence interval, 1.030-1.295; P = .013) as risk factors for percutaneous superior vena cava catheter-related thrombosis in the right internal jugular vein. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of percutaneous superior vena cava catheter-related thrombosis was higher than conventional central venous catheter-related thrombosis. Risk factors were age, superior vena cava catheter indwelling duration, and amount of transfusion platelet concentrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Sik Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka Young Rhee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Gyoon Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Hyop Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Rhee KY, Kim TY, Oh IS, Lee SJ, Ledowski T. Effect of muscle relaxation on the oxygenation of human skeletal muscle: a prospective in-vivo experiment using an isolated forearm technique. Korean J Anesthesiol 2015; 68:13-6. [PMID: 25664149 PMCID: PMC4318858 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2015.68.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Total oxygen consumption has been found to be reduced under deep neuromuscular blockade due to a lower rate of metabolism of skeletal muscles. However, the magnitude of this effect in individual muscles has not been investigated. Thus the aim of this study was to compare the oxygenation of paralyzed versus non-paralyzed forearm muscle under tourniquet-provoked ischemia. Methods After ethics approval and written informed consent, 30 patients scheduled for elective hand and wrist surgery were included. Ischemia was provoked by inflation of bilateral upper arm tourniquets and muscle relaxation was achieved via intravenous administration of rocuronium 0.9 mg/kg. Bilateral tourniquets were applied to both upper arms before induction of anesthesia and near infrared spectrometry (NIRS) electrodes applied on both forearms. Muscular ischemia in an isolated (= non-paralyzed, NP) as well as a paralyzed forearm (P) was created by sequential inflation of both tourniquets before and after intravenous administration of rocuronium. Muscle oxygen saturations (SmO2) of NIRS in both forearms and their changes were determined and compared. Results Data of 30 patients (15 male, 15 female; 41.8 ± 14.7 years) were analyzed. The speed of SmO2 decrease (50% decrease of SmO2 from baseline (median [percentiles]: NP 210 s [180/480s] vs. P 180 [180/300]) as well as the maximum decrease in SmO2 (minimum SmO2 in % (median [percentiles]: NP 20 [19/24] vs. P 21 [19/28]) were not significantly affected by neuromuscular paralysis. Conclusions No significant effect of muscle relaxation on NIRS-assessed muscle oxygenation under tourniquet-induced ischemia was found in human forearm muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Young Rhee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Yop Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Su Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seoung Joon Lee
- Department of Orthopedics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Thomas Ledowski
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Rhee KY, Kim TY, Oh IS, Lee SJ, Ledowski T. Corrigendum: Effect of muscle relaxation on the oxygenation of human skeletal muscle: a prospective in-vivo experiment using an isolated forearm technique. Korean J Anesthesiol 2015; 68:203. [PMID: 25844144 PMCID: PMC4384413 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2015.68.2.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Young Rhee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk Universrity School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Yop Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk Universrity School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Su Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk Universrity School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seoung Joon Lee
- Department of Orthopedics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk Universrity School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Thomas Ledowski
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Cierny JT, Unal ER, Flood P, Rhee KY, Praktish A, Olson TH, Goetzl L. Maternal inflammatory markers and term labor performance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 210:447.e1-6. [PMID: 24295921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the relationship between maternal markers of inflammation and labor performance. STUDY DESIGN A nested cohort study was performed utilizing an established cohort of term nulliparous patients. Maternal blood was collected at the onset of regular, painful contractions in patients undergoing labor induction or at admission in patients with spontaneous labor. Levels of cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were determined using standard multiplex methodology. Maternal demographic data were collected prospectively. Detailed retrospective chart review was performed to extract data on cervical dilation, effacement, and station during labor. Subjects were excluded if they failed to achieve complete dilation. Mixed effects modeling was used to examine the association between serum cytokine quartiles and labor progress in the latent and active phases. RESULTS In all, 334 women were included in our analysis. The lowest quartile of IL-6 was associated with slower latent labor (P = .001). In contrast, the highest quartiles of IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α were associated with slower active labor (P = .03 and .0002, respectively). CONCLUSION Proinflammatory activation is important in labor initiation. However, once active labor is established, excess inflammation can be detrimental to efficient labor progress. These data may explain, in part, the known associations among clinical chorioamnionitis, cesarean delivery, and postpartum hemorrhage.
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Kim MT, Rhee KY, Lee BH, Kim CJ. Effect of carbon nanotube addition on the wear behavior of basalt/epoxy woven composites. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2013; 13:5631-5635. [PMID: 23882807 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2013.7037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of acid-treated carbon nanotube (CNT) addition on the wear and dynamic mechanical thermal properties of basalt/epoxy woven composites was investigated in this study. Basalt/CNT/epoxy composites were fabricated by impregnating woven basalt fibers into epoxy resin mixed with 1 wt% CNTs which were acid-treated. Wear and DMA (dynamic mechanical analyzer) tests were performed on basalt/epoxy composites and basalt/CNT/epoxy composites. The results showed that the addition of the acid-treated CNTs improved the wear properties of basalt/epoxy woven composites. Specifically, the friction coefficient of the basalt/epoxy composite was stabilized in the range of 0.5-0.6 while it fell in the range of 0.3-0.4 for basalt/CNT/epoxy composites. The wear volume loss of the basalt/CNT/epoxy composites was approximately 68% lower than that of the basalt/epoxy composites. The results also showed that the glass transition temperature of basalt/CNT/epoxy composites was higher than that of basalt/epoxy composites. The improvement of wear properties of basalt/epoxy composites by the addition of acid-treated CNTs was caused by the homogeneous load transfer between basalt fibers and epoxy matrix due to the reinforcement of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Kim
- Department of R&D, Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute, Gumi 730-853, Korea
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Cierny J, Unal R, Flood P, Rhee KY, Praktish A, Olson T, Goetzl L. 322: Inflammatory cytokines, fever and term labor performance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.10.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lee JH, Rhee KY, Park SJ. Effects of silane modification and temperature on tensile and fractural behaviors of carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposites. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:275-280. [PMID: 21446439 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of carbon nanotube (CNT) functionalization with silanes and temperature on the tensile and fractural characteristics of CNT/epoxy nanocomposites. Three groups of nanocomposites were fabricated using unmodified, oxidized and silanized CNTs, each at 0.1 wt%. Tensile and fractural tests were performed using the three nanocomposite samples at -30 degrees C, 20 degrees C, and 45 degrees C. Results showed that the tensile strength of silanized samples at -30 degrees C was about 89% and 241% higher, respectively, than at 20 degrees C and 45 degrees C. The elastic modulus of silanized CNT nanocomposite at -30 degrees C was about 52% and 871% higher, respectively, than at 20 degrees C and 45 degrees C. The fracture toughness of silanized samples was higher than those of unmodified and oxidized samples at all temperatures. However, fracture toughness decreased with decreasing temperature. Specifically, fracture toughness of silanized nanocomposites at -30 degrees C was about 76% and 117% lower, respectively, than those at 20 degrees C and 45 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
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Lee JH, Rhee KY. Silane treatment of carbon nanotubes and its effect on the tribological behavior of carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposites. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2009; 9:6948-6952. [PMID: 19908704 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) influences dispersion and interfacial strength in CNT-reinforced nanocomposites. In this study, multi-walled CNTs were functionalized via oxidation with a mixture of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3). Then, the functionalized CNTs with oxidation were surface-modified using a coupling agent, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. CNT/epoxy nanocomposites were fabricated using oxidized CNTs and silane-modified CNTs, respectively, to investigate the effect of silane treatment on the tribological behavior of CNT/epoxy nanocomposites. Wear tests were performed on oxidized and silanized CNT/epoxy nanocomposites, at three different sliding speeds. The results showed that the friction coefficient and wear rate of silanized CNT/epoxy nanocomposites were lower than those of oxidized CNT/epoxy nanocomposites, regardless of sliding speed. The improved tribological behavior of silanized CNT/epoxy nanocomposites occurred due to the improved dispersion of CNTs into the epoxy and improved adhesion with the epoxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Mechanical Engineering, KyungHee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
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Hwang JY, Kim DK, Rhee KY, Kwon WK. Anesthetic Management of Embolization for a Cerebral Aneurysm in Patient with Portal-systemic Encephalopathy - A case report -. Korean J Anesthesiol 2007. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2007.53.3.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duck Kyoung Kim
- *Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka Young Rhee
- *Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Kyoung Kwon
- *Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park HP, Hwang JW, Han SH, Rhee KY, Jeon YT, Oh YS. A Comparison of Manual and Mechanical Ventilation in Terms of the Adequacy of Ventilation during Intrahospital Transport of Neurosurgical Patients in the Immediate Postoperative Period. Korean J Anesthesiol 2005. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2005.48.6.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Pyoung Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung Won Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ka Young Rhee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Tae Jeon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yong Seok Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Rhee KY, Yun MJ, Kim DK, Seol TK, Kim KO. Sedation with Propofol-Midazolam Combination versus Propofol alone during Spinal Anesthesia: Prospective, Randomized Study. Korean J Anesthesiol 2005. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2005.49.6.s10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Young Rhee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Ja Yun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Duck Kyoung Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, National Cancer Center, Ilsan, Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Seol
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ok Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Kang JM, Hwang JW, Rhee KY, Han SH, Oh YS. Factors Influencing Postoperative Urinary Retention in Female Patients Undergoing Total Knee Replacements. Korean J Anesthesiol 2005. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2005.49.2.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Man Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung Won Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ka Young Rhee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yong Seok Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Young Rhee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University Boondang Hospital, Sungnam, Korea
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18
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Rhee KY. Perioperative Coagulation Responses to Heparin and Dextran Following Arterial Bypass in Patients with Arteriosclerosis Obliterans. Korean J Anesthesiol 2003. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2003.45.5.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Young Rhee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, Korea
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19
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Kim JT, Kim JA, Cho HS, Rhee KY, Lee KH. A Study on the Monitoring of Bupivacaine-induced Cardiac Depression in Dogs: A Comparison between Continuous Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation and Mean Arterial Blood Pressure. Korean J Anesthesiol 2002. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2002.42.6.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tae Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jie Ae Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Sung Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka Young Rhee
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kook Hyun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Rhee KY, Opel M, Ito E, Hung SP, Arfin SM, Hatfield GW. Transcriptional coupling between the divergent promoters of a prototypic LysR-type regulatory system, the ilvYC operon of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:14294-9. [PMID: 10588699 PMCID: PMC24430 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.25.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The twin-domain model [Liu, L. F. & Wang, J. C. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 7024-7027] suggests that closely spaced, divergent, superhelically sensitive promoters can affect the transcriptional activity of one another by transcriptionally induced negative DNA supercoiling generated in the divergent promoter region. This gene arrangement is observed for many LysR-type-regulated operons in bacteria. We have examined the effects of divergent transcription in the prototypic LysR-type system, the ilvYC operon of Escherichia coli. Double-reporter constructs with the lacZ gene under transcriptional control of the ilvC promoter and the galK gene under control of the divergent ilvY promoter were used to demonstrate that a down-promoter mutation in the ilvY promoter severely decreases in vivo transcription from the ilvC promoter. However, a down-promoter mutation in the ilvC promoter only slightly affects transcription from the ilvY promoter. In vitro transcription assays with DNA topoisomers showed that transcription from the ilvC promoter increases over the entire range of physiological superhelical densities, whereas transcription initiation from the ilvY promoter exhibits a broad optimum at a midphysiological superhelical density. Evidence that this promoter coupling is DNA supercoiling-dependent is provided by the observation that a novobiocin-induced decrease in global negative superhelicity results in an increase in ilvY promoter activity and a decrease in ilvC promoter activity predicted by the in vitro data. We suggest that this transcriptional coupling is important for coordinating basal level expression of the ilvYC operon with the nutritional and environmental conditions of cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Rhee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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21
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Kim HJ, Rhee KY, Yum KW. Nasotracheal Intubation Using Fiberoptic Bronchoscope and Guidewire in a Pediatric Mandibular Fracture Patient: A case report. Korean J Anesthesiol 1999. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.1999.36.1.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University
| | - Ka Young Rhee
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University
| | - Kwang Won Yum
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University
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22
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Rhee KY, Yoon HJ, Bahk JH, Lee SC, Kim CS, Ham BM, Kim KW. Effect of Saline-Filled or Viscous Lidocaine-Filled Cuff on the Laser-Induced Polyvinyl Chloride Endotracheal Tube Fires and Tidal Volume. Korean J Anesthesiol 1999. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.1999.36.2.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Young Rhee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hea Jo Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Bahk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong Sung Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Moon Ham
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Woo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Rhee KY, Kim JH, Ro YJ, Park CD, Min SW, Kim SD, Kim YL. Attenuating Effect of cAMP on Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in the Isolated Perfused Rat Lungs. Korean J Anesthesiol 1999. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.1999.37.2.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Young Rhee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul Municipal Boramae Hospital, Seoul
| | - Ji Hee Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul Municipal Boramae Hospital, Seoul
| | - Young Jin Ro
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul Municipal Boramae Hospital, Seoul
| | - Chong Doo Park
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul Municipal Boramae Hospital, Seoul
| | - Seong Won Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul Municipal Boramae Hospital, Seoul
| | - Seong Deok Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul Municipal Boramae Hospital, Seoul
| | - Yong Lak Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul Municipal Boramae Hospital, Seoul
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Abstract
IlvY protein binds cooperatively to tandem operator sites in the divergent, overlapping, promoter-regulatory region of the ilvYC operon of Escherichia coli. IlvY positively regulates the expression of the ilvC gene in an inducer-dependent manner and negatively regulates the transcription of its own divergently transcribed structural gene in an inducer-independent manner. Although binding of IlvY protein to the tandem operators is sufficient to repress ilvY promoter-specific transcription, it is not sufficient to activate transcription from the ilvC promoter. Activation of ilvC promoter-specific transcription requires the additional binding of a small molecule inducer to the IlvY protein-DNA complex. The binding of inducer to IlvY protein does not affect the affinity of IlvY protein for the tandem operator sites. It does, however, cause a conformational change of the IlvY protein-DNA complex, which is correlated with the partial relief of an IlvY protein-induced bend of the DNA helix in the ilvC promoter region. This structural change in the IlvY protein-DNA complex results in a 100-fold increase in the affinity of RNA polymerase binding at the ilvC promoter site. The ability of a protein to regulate gene expression by ligand-responsive modulation of a protein-DNA structure is an emerging theme in gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Rhee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ok Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka Young Rhee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kook Hyun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Deok Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
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Lee KH, Rhee KY, Lee SC. A Comparison of Pressure Controlled Ventilation and Hybrid Ventilation in Rabbits. Korean J Anesthesiol 1998. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.1998.34.5.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kook Hyun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka Young Rhee
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Jeon YS, Um WS, Kwan YS, Choi IH, Rhee KY, Kim YH, Kim KW. Usefulness of PAR Score and Modified PADSS as Patient Discharge Criteria in Ambulatory Surgery. Korean J Anesthesiol 1998. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.1998.35.5.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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29
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Rhee KY, Kim YL. The Effect of Atropine on Hemodynamics during Spinal Anesthesia. Korean J Anesthesiol 1998. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.1998.35.5.946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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30
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Lee KH, Rhee KY, Kang YJ, Kim KW, Chung SL. The Effect of Intratracheal Pulmonary Ventilation on Dead Space and Airway Pressures in Rabbits with Acute Respiratory Failure Induced by Oleic Acid Injection. Korean J Anesthesiol 1997. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.1997.32.3.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kook Hyun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Ul San University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka Young Rhee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Ul San University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Ja Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Ul San University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Woo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Ul San University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Lyang Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Ul San University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Rhee KY, Jeon YS, Eom WS, Do SH, Kim CS, Kim KW. Postoperative Intubation Time in Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery. Korean J Anesthesiol 1997. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.1997.33.4.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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32
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Rhee KY, Parekh BS, Hatfield GW. Leucine-responsive regulatory protein-DNA interactions in the leader region of the ilvGMEDA operon of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:26499-507. [PMID: 8900118 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.43.26499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The leucine-responsive regulatory protein (Lrp) regulates the expression of many operons in Escherichia coli including several involved in the metabolism of the branched-chain amino acids, L-isoleucine, L-valine, and L-leucine. The ilvGMEDA operon contains the genes for four of the five enzymes of the common pathway for the biosynthesis of these amino acids. A high affinity, consensus-like Lrp-DNA binding site has been identified at an unusual position in the leader region of this operon 226 base pairs downstream of the transcriptional initiation site between the attenuator and the ilvG gene. Binding to this site facilitates the cooperative binding of a second Lrp protomer to an adjacent, upstream, secondary site. At higher Lrp concentrations, binding to a third site is observed. Chemical, enzymatic, and alkylation protection and interference footprinting experiments demonstrate that the Lrp homodimer contacts the DNA helix at symmetrical half-sites present in adjacent major grooves and that the primary and secondary binding sites are separated by one helical turn and aligned along the same face of the DNA helix. In vivo, Lrp represses transcription through the leader-attenuator region of the ilvGMEDA operon. Lrp-dependent production of attenuated RNA transcripts is also observed in vitro. No transcriptional effects are observed, in vivo or in vitro, in the absence of an intact Lrp primary binding site. A possible physiological role for Lrp in the regulation of ilvGMEDA operon expression is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Rhee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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Abstract
The purpose of this survey was to obtain information on the overall blood lead concentrations of the Korean population due to environmental exposure. Five hundred and twenty-five Korean adults from four provinces who had no previous occupational exposure to lead were chosen by random sampling to represent the general (normal) population. Blood lead determinations were performed by atomic absorption spectrometry with a graphite furnace. Interlaboratory quality control for analysis of blood lead was carried out in seven laboratories in Korea and Europe. The geometric mean were 6.36 micrograms/dl for males and 5.09 micrograms/dl for females. There was no correlation between blood lead concentration and age. The mean concentration of blood lead in smokers was higher than that in nonsmokers (P < 0.0005). The mean blood lead concentration in male nonsmokers was higher than that in female nonsmokers (P < 0.0005). Differences in mean blood lead values according to residential area were observed, and this result showed good agreement with the results of ambient monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Yang
- Industrial Health Research Institute, KISCO, Inchon, Korea
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Rhee KY, Lee KH. A comparison of arterial blood gas values depending on the use of endotracheal tube cuff in postanesthetic patients. Korean J Anesthesiol 1995. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.1995.28.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Young Rhee
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kook Hyun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Sun Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka Young Rhee
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Seok Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Ahn KC, Rhee KY, Jung BH, Kong JJ. The 'unreached' in family planning: a case study of the Republic of Korea. Asia Pac Popul J 1987; 2:23-44. [PMID: 12341278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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37
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Kim IS, Yu SH, Kim HJ, Chae YM, Rhee KY, Sohn MS. Impact of regional health insurance on the utilization of medical care by the rural population of Korea. Yonsei Med J 1986; 27:138-46. [PMID: 3092477 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.1986.27.2.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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