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Wu S, Yuan X, Tang Z, Zang K, Wang C, Li Z, Li H, Ye X, Dang Y. Fast freezing inhibits melanin synthesis of melanocytes by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15101. [PMID: 38770555 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Skin hyperpigmentation is mainly caused by excessive synthesis of melanin; however, there is still no safe and effective therapy for its removal. Here, we found that the dermal freezer was able to improve UVB-induced hyperpigmentation of guinea pigs without causing obvious epidermal damage. We also mimic freezing stimulation at the cellular level by rapid freezing and observed that freezing treatments <2.5 min could not decrease cell viability or induce cell apoptosis in B16F10 and Melan-A cells. Critically, melanin content and tyrosinase activity in two cells were greatly reduced after freezing treatments. The dramatic decrease in tyrosinase activity was associated with the downregulation of MITF, TYR, TRP-1 and TRP-2 protein expression in response to freezing treatments for two cells. Furthermore, our results first demonstrated that freezing treatments significantly reduced the levels of p-GSK3β and β-catenin and the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in B16F10 and Melan-A cells. Together, these data suggest that fast freezing treatments can inhibit melanogenesis-related gene expression in melanocytes by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. The inhibition of melanin production eventually contributed to the improvement in skin hyperpigmentation induced by UVB. Therefore, fast freezing treatments may be a new alternative of skin whitening in the clinic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zexin Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caibing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huangde Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyun Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyan Dang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Jiang Y, Zang K, Sun J, Chandrapala J, Brennan C, Majzoobi M, Zeng XA. Characterization and stability investigation of rhein encapsulated microcapsules using different enteric biopolymers with pullulan and Jiuzao glutelin conjugates via Maillard reaction. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113135. [PMID: 37689899 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The poor water solubility and rhein (RH) stability limit its application in the functional food industry. In the present study, the RH-loaded water-in-oil-in-water nano emulsion and microcapsules were prepared using the conjugates of pullulan-Jiuzao glutelin (JG) (m/m, 2:1, PJC-2) obtained by Maillard reaction and enteric-soluble materials (polymethlacrylic acid, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, cellulose acetate phthalate, and D-mannitol). The effects of different formulations on the microstructure, physicochemical properties, and storage stability of microcapsules were analyzed. The results showed that microcapsules exhibited stability against different external environments. The encapsulation efficiency of RH in the four enteric-soluble-PJC-2 double-deck microcapsules (70.03 ± 3.24%-91.08 ± 4.78%) was significantly improved than PJC-2 ones (61.84 ± 0.47%). The antioxidant activity and stability of RH in the microcapsules were improved (ABTS, 49.7%-113.93%; DPPH, 40.85%-101.82%; FRA, 62.32%-126.42%; and FCA, 70.58%-147.20%) after in vitro simulated digestion and extreme environmental conditions compared to free RH. This work provides a microcapsule based on PJC-2 with enteric-soluble materials for insoluble functional ingredients to improve solubility, stability, and bioactivity in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsong Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, 100048, People's Republic of China; School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Kai Zang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, 100048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jayani Chandrapala
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Charles Brennan
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Mahsa Majzoobi
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China.
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Wang C, Zang K, Tang Z, Yang T, Ye X, Dang Y. Hordenine Activated Dermal Papilla Cells and Promoted Hair Regrowth by Activating Wnt Signaling Pathway. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030694. [PMID: 36771401 PMCID: PMC9921158 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hordenine is effective in treating hyperpigmentation, fighting diabetes and resisting fibrosis and acute inflammation. However, the role of Hordenine on hair growth has not been elucidated. Here, we found that Hordenine treatments significantly enhance proliferation of primary mouse dermal-papilla cells (DPCs) and increase the activity of DPCs in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, Hordenine markedly promoted the elongation of the hair shaft in the model of in vitro-cultured mouse vibrissa follicle and accelerated hair regrowth in a mouse model of depilation-induced hair regeneration. Real-time PCR, Western Blot and immunofluorescent assays showed that nuclear β-catenin and its downstream gene expression such as Lef1, Axin2, Cyclin D1 and ALP were greatly upregulated in DPCs and mouse hair follicles after Hordenine treatments. Moreover, the increased DPCs' proliferation and hair shaft elongation of cultured mouse vibrissa follicles induced by Hordenine treatments were rescued by a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, FH535. These data indicate that Hordenine can effectively enhance DPCs' activity and accelerate hair regrowth through activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, these findings suggest Hordenine/its derivatives may be potentially used for preventing and treating alopecia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caibing Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kai Zang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zexin Tang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiyun Ye
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (Y.D.); Tel.: +86-21-5434-5482 (X.Y.)
| | - Yongyan Dang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (Y.D.); Tel.: +86-21-5434-5482 (X.Y.)
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Zang K, Yu ZH, Wang M, Huang Y, Zhu XX, Yao B. SOX2 como posible biomarcador pronóstico y diana molecular en el cáncer de pulmón: metaanálisis. Rev Clin Esp 2022; 222:584-592. [PMID: 35941044 DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association of SOX2 with the prognosis in lung cancer, studies providing survival information were selected based on multivariate Cox regression analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify eligible studies before June 19, 2021. The hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to assess the prognostic impact of SOX2 based on multivariate Cox regression analysis. Publication bias was used to assess the risk of bias. Functional analysis of SOX2 was also conducted. RESULTS 13 studies with a total of 2008 patients with lung cancer were included. SOX2 expression was not correlated with overall survival in lung cancer (10 studies with 1591 cases). Between-study heterogeneity was noted (I2=85.6%, p<0.0001). Subgroup analysis suggested that no correlation was found between SOX2 expression and overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC: eight studies with 1319 cases) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC: two studies with 272 cases). SOX2 expression was significantly associated with worse time-to-progression (two studies with 104 cases: HR=3.50, 95% CI=1.34-9.15) and recurrence-free survival (two studies with 335 cases: HR=1.45, 95% CI=1.12-1.87) in NSCLC. Function analysis demonstrated that SOX2 was involved in DNA repair, cell cycle, regulation of stem cell population maintenance, and Hippo signaling pathway. CONCLUSION SOX2 may be an independent prognostic factor in time-to-progression and recurrence-free survival and may become a promising therapeutic target. More studies are essential to further our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zang
- Department of ICU, the Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an City, China
| | - Z-H Yu
- Department of ICU, the Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an City, China.
| | - M Wang
- Department of ICU, the Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an City, China
| | - Y Huang
- Department of ICU, the Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an City, China
| | - X-X Zhu
- Department of ICU, the Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an City, China
| | - B Yao
- Department of ICU, the Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an City, China
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Jiang Y, Zang K, Sun J, Zeng XA, Li H, Brennan C, Huang M, Xu L. Preparation of modified Jiuzao glutelin isolate with carboxymethyl chitosan by ultrasound-stirring assisted Maillard reaction and its protective effect of loading resveratrol/quercetin in nano-emulsion. Ultrason Sonochem 2022; 88:106094. [PMID: 35868209 PMCID: PMC9305625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Jiuzao glutelin isolate (JGI) was reported to possess interface and functional properties. To enhance the stability and properties of JGI, conjugation between JGI and carboxymethyl chitosan (CTS) through ultrasound-stirring assisted Maillard reaction (UTSA-MR) was investigated and optimized. The changes of molecular distribution, secondary structure, morphology, and amino acid composition of JGI were detected after conjugation with CTS. The solubility, foaming property and stability, viscosity, and thermal stability of four conjugates (CTS-JGI, with weight ratios of 0.5:1, 1:1, 2:1, and 4:1) were significantly increased compared to native JGI. Under the optimal glycation, the conjugate (CTS/JGI, 2:1, w/w; CTS-JGI-2) exhibited the best emulsifying ability and stability against NaCl solution, in vitro antioxidant activity, and cholesterol-lowering ability. CTS-JGI-2 stabilized oil-in-water nano-emulsion improved resveratrol (RES) and quercetin (QUE) encapsulation efficiency (80.96% for RES and 93.13% for QUE) and stability during the simulated digestion process (73.23% for RES and 77.94% for QUE) due to the connection through hydrogen bonds, pi-anion, pi-sigma, and donors between CTS-JGI and RES/QUE. Taken together, the modification of JGI by conjugating with CTS through UTSA-MR could be an excellent method to improve the functional properties of JGI. CTS-JGI-2 is a potential conjugate with functions that can be used to encapsulate functional substances in the stabilized nano-emulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zang
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hehe Li
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Mingquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xu
- Technology Center of Bandaojing Co. Ltd., Zibo, Shandong 256300, People's Republic of China
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Li L, Xia F, Liu J, Zang K, Liu C, Wei J, Liu L. 3D Quantitative Prediction of the Groundwater Potential Area-A Case Study of a Simple Geological Structure Aquifer. ACS Omega 2022; 7:18004-18016. [PMID: 35664631 PMCID: PMC9161244 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Ordos Basin is a sedimentary basin located in Inner Mongolia, China, where coal and uranium coexist. Water inrush disasters have always been one of the main disasters that threaten the safety of coal mine production, and thus, the study and division of groundwater potential regions are of great significance for the prevention of water inrush disasters and in situ leaching of sandstone-type uranium ore. A new method combining truncated Gaussian simulation and sedimentary facies control was established to predict the groundwater potential area. Taking a typical aquifer, the Zhiluo Formation, as an example, based on high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, geophysics, sedimentary geology, and geostatistical theory, the plane distribution of sand bodies was predicted. Furthermore, the relationship between rock porosity and electricity porosity was established to calculate the regional porosity. Combined with truncated Gaussian simulation and facies-controlled modeling methods, a facies-controlled heterogeneous property model was established to analyze the heterogeneous effective porosity of the aquifer in the study area. Groundwater potential areas were quantitatively evaluated by 3D modeling analysis. The results of the evaluated model were verified by actual data and provide a geological guarantee for the accurate mining of deep coal and uranium ore. A 3D distributed model of chemical elements, which is meaningful for in situ leaching uranium mining, is expected in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyao Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330000, China
- Key
Laboratory for Digital Land and Resources of Jiangxi Province, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Fei Xia
- State
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- College
of Water Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Kai Zang
- Shandong
Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Tianjin
Branch of CNOOC Limited, Tianjin 300452, China
| | - Jiuchuan Wei
- College of
Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong
University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Longlong Liu
- School
of Geographical Sciences, Lingnan Normal
University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
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Wang X, Lai J, Hu H, Yang J, Zang K, Zhao F, Zeng G, Liao Q, Gu Z, Du Z. Infection of Nigrospora nonsegmented RNA Virus 1 Has Important Biological Impacts on a Fungal Host. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040795. [PMID: 35458525 PMCID: PMC9029208 DOI: 10.3390/v14040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nigrospora nonsegmented RNA virus 1 (NoNRV1) has been reported previously in the fungus Nigrospora oryzae, but its biological effects on its host are unknown. In this work, we isolated a strain 9-1 of N. oryzae from a chrysanthemum leaf and identified NoNRV1 infection in the isolated strain. The genome sequence of NoNRV1 identified here is highly homologous to that of the isolate HN-21 of NoNRV1 previously reported; thus, we tentatively designated the newly identified NoNRV1 as NoNRV1-ZJ. Drug treatment with Ribavirin successfully removed NoNRV1-ZJ from the strain 9-1, which provided us with an ideal control to determine the biological impacts of NoNRV1 infection on host fungi. By comparing the virus-carrying (9-1) and virus-cured (9-1C) strains, our results indicated that infection with NoNRV1 promoted the pigmentation of the host cells, while it had no discernable effects on host growth on potato dextrose agar plates when subjected to osmotic or oxidative stress. Interestingly, we observed inhibitory impacts of virus infection on the thermotolerance of N. oryzae and the pathogenicity of the host fungus in cotton leaves. Collectively, our work provides clear evidence of the biological relevance of NoNRV1 infection in N. oryzae, including pigmentation, hypovirulence, and thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhouhang Gu
- Correspondence: (Z.G.); (Z.D.); Tel.: +86-571-8684-3195 (Z.D.)
| | - Zhiyou Du
- Correspondence: (Z.G.); (Z.D.); Tel.: +86-571-8684-3195 (Z.D.)
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Bai M, Wang M, Deng T, Bai Y, Zang K, Miao Z, Gai W, Xie L, Ba Y. Safety and efficacy of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (SCT200) as second-line therapy in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Med 2022; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0388. [PMID: 35014769 PMCID: PMC8958882 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mainstay treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) involves chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, alternative therapies are required for patients who are refractory or intolerant to existing therapies. METHODS In this single-arm, multicenter, open-label phase Ib study, 30 patients received an intravenous infusion of SCT200, an antiepidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody, 6.0 mg/kg once a week for 6 weeks, followed by 8.0 mg/kg once every 2 weeks until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. RESULTS Thirty patients were enrolled between July 2018 and May 2019. The ORR was 16.7% (95% CI: 5.6%-34.7%). The median PFS and OS were 3.1 months (95% CI: 1.5-4.3) and 6.8 months (95% CI: 4.7-10.1), respectively. A numerical difference without any statistical significance in ORR was observed in patients with different EGFR expressions (≥ 50%: 25.0% vs. < 50%: 0%, P = 0.140) or TP53 mutation abundance (< 10%: 23.8% vs. ≥ 10%: 0%, P = 0.286). Improved median PFS (3.4 vs. 1.4 months, P = 0.006) and OS (8.0 vs. 4.2 months, P = 0.027) were associated with TP53 mutation abundance of < 10%. The most common treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or 4 (occurring in ≥ 2 patients) were hypomagnesemia [7 (23.3%)] and rash [2 (6.7%)]. No treatment-related death occurred. CONCLUSIONS SCT200 monotherapy as the second- or further-line treatment for advanced ESCC showed favorable efficacy, with an acceptable safety profile. TP53 mutation abundance might serve as a potential predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Bai
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ting Deng
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yuxian Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Kai Zang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Zhanhui Miao
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453100, China
| | - Wenlin Gai
- Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Liangzhi Xie
- Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Beijing 100176, China
- Cell Culture Engineering Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yi Ba
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
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Zang K, Zhang Y, Hu J, Wang Y. The Large Conductance Calcium- and Voltage-activated Potassium Channel (BK) and Epilepsy. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 17:248-254. [PMID: 29623857 DOI: 10.2174/1871527317666180404104055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE The large conductance, calcium- and voltage-activated potassium channels (BK) are widely distributed channel proteins which exist in virtually every cell type of mammals and function to influence membrane excitability and Ca2+ signaling. BK channels can be activated by the increase of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, a consequence of neuronal excitation, and then terminate the action potential with the outward K+ flux. Moreover, after-hyperpolarization induced by BK channels closes Cav channels and thus precludes excessive Ca2+ influx. Considering this negative feedback effect, BK channel seemly acts to decrease membrane excitability in order to prevent hyperexcitation which is a typical characteristic of epilepsy. Therefore, one may reasonably suppose that membrane excitability would increase when the BK channel activity decreases. However, the membrane excitability displays elevation when the function of BK channel is under either upregulated or down-regulated status. Factors altering the activity of BK channels, such as gene mutations, polymorphism, channel openers or blockers that lead to loss- or gain-of-function, have all been linked to epilepsy onset. CONCLUSION The aim of this review is to summarize existing knowledge and recent findings on the molecular properties, signaling complex and channel dysfunction of the BK channels with a particular attention to the possible relevance to the pathophysiology of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zang
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jingan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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10
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Wu X, Chen Z, Sun W, Wang G, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zang K, Wang Y. Activation of Kir2.3 Channels by Tenidap Suppresses Epileptiform Burst Discharges in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 18:621-630. [PMID: 31389319 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190807122623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Tenidap, a selective human inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) 2.3 channel opener, has been reported to have antiepileptic effect in the pilocarpine temporal lobe epilepsy rat model in our previous study. However, the effect of tenidap on neurons and its relationship with the epileptiform bursting charges in neuron is still required to be explored. METHODS In this study, cyclothiazide (CTZ) induced cultured hippocampal neuron epileptic model was used to study the antiepileptic effect of tenidap and the relationship between Kir2.3 channel and the neuronal epileptiform burst. RESULTS Patch clamp recording showed that both acute (2h) and chronic (48h) CTZ pre-treatment all significantly induced robust epileptiform burst activities in cultured hippocampal neurons, and tenidap acutely application inhibited this highly synchronized abnormal activities. The effect of tenidap is likely due to increased activity of Kir2.3 channels, since tenidap significantly enhanced kir current recorded from those neurons. In addition, neurons overexpressing Kir2.3 channels, by transfection with Kir2.3 plasmid, showed a significant large increase of the Kir current, prevented CTZ treatment to induce epileptiform burst discharge. CONCLUSION Our current study demonstrated that over activation of Kir2.3 channel in hippocampal neurons could positively interference with epileptiform burst activities, and tenidap, as a selective Kir2.3 channel opener, could be a potential candidate for seizure therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiyun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wanbing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kai Zang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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11
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Ding X, Zang K, Zheng T, Fei Y, Huang M, Liu X, Wang Y, Jin G, Huo Y, Harris JS, Jiang X. Improving characterization capabilities in new single-photon avalanche diode research. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:043108. [PMID: 31043052 DOI: 10.1063/1.5041502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many novel and promising single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) emerged in recent years. However, some of them may demonstrate a very high dark count rate, even tens of megahertz, especially during the development phase or at room temperature, posing new challenges to device characterization. Gating operation with a width of 10 ns can be used to suppress the dark counts not coincident with the photon arriving time. However, as a side effect of the fast-gating operation, the gating response could be much higher than the avalanche signal and is usually removed by various circuit-based cancellation techniques. Here, we present an alternative method. A high-speed digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) is used to extract the weak avalanche signals from the large gating response background by waveform subtraction in software. Consequently, no complex circuit and precise tuning for each SPAD are needed. The avalanche detection threshold can be reduced to 5% of the full vertical scale of the DSO or 5 mV, whichever is greater. The timing resolution can be better than 2 ps for typical avalanche signals. Optical alignment and calibration are easy. The feasibility of on-wafer test with an RF probe station is discussed. All the advantages and features listed above make this method very useful in new SPAD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Ding
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kai Zang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Tianzhe Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yueyang Fei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mingqi Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ge Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yijie Huo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - James S Harris
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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12
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Huang Y, Zhang Y, Kong S, Zang K, Jiang S, Wan L, Chen L, Wang G, Jiang M, Wang X, Hu J, Wang Y. GIRK1-mediated inwardly rectifying potassium current suppresses the epileptiform burst activities and the potential antiepileptic effect of ML297. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:362-370. [PMID: 29499411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are important inhibitory regulators of neuronal excitability in central nervous system, and the impairment of GIRK channel function has been reported to be associated with the susceptibility of epilepsy. However, the dynamics of GIRK channels in the pathogenesis of epilepsy are still unclear. In this study, our results showed that cyclothiazide, a potent convulsant, dose dependently increased the epileptiform bursting activities and suppressed the baclofen induced GIRK currents. In addition, TPQ, a selective GIRK antagonist, significantly decreased the total inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) current, and increased the neuronal epileptiform activities. In contrast, ML297, a potent and selective GIRK channel agonist, reversed the cyclothiazide induced decrease of GIRK currents and the increase of neuronal excitability in cultured hippocampal neurons. Further investigation revealed that GIRK1, but not GIRK2, played a key role in suppressing epileptic activities. Finally, in pilocarpine mice seizure model, we demonstrated that ML297 significantly suppressed the seizure behavior. In summary, our current results indicate that GIRK channels, especially GIRK1-containing channels, are involved in epileptic activities and ML297 has a potential antiepileptic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yian Huang
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology at Zhongshan Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology at Zhongshan Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuzhen Kong
- College of Environment and Resource, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Kai Zang
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology at Zhongshan Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shize Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Wan
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology at Zhongshan Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lulan Chen
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology at Zhongshan Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology at Zhongshan Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology at Zhongshan Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology at Zhongshan Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yun Wang
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology at Zhongshan Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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13
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Xue M, Islam R, Meng AC, Lyu Z, Lu CY, Tae C, Braun MR, Zang K, McIntyre PC, Kamins TI, Saraswat KC, Harris JS. Contact Selectivity Engineering in a 2 μm Thick Ultrathin c-Si Solar Cell Using Transition-Metal Oxides Achieving an Efficiency of 10.8. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:41863-41870. [PMID: 29124928 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the integration of metal oxides as carrier-selective contacts for ultrathin crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells is demonstrated which results in an ∼13% relative improvement in efficiency. The improvement in efficiency originates from the suppression of the contact recombination current due to the band offset asymmetry of these oxides with Si. First, an ultrathin c-Si solar cell having a total thickness of 2 μm is shown to have >10% efficiency without any light-trapping scheme. This is achieved by the integration of nickel oxide (NiOx) as a hole-selective contact interlayer material, which has a low valence band offset and high conduction band offset with Si. Second, we show a champion cell efficiency of 10.8% with the additional integration of titanium oxide (TiOx), a well-known material for an electron-selective contact interlayer. Key parameters including Voc and Jsc also show different degrees of enhancement if single (NiOx only) or double (both NiOx and TiOx) carrier-selective contacts are integrated. The fabrication process for TiOx and NiOx layer integration is scalable and shows good compatibility with the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyu Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Raisul Islam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Andrew C Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zheng Lyu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ching-Ying Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Christian Tae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael R Braun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kai Zang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Paul C McIntyre
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Theodore I Kamins
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Krishna C Saraswat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - James S Harris
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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14
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Fei ET, Chen X, Zang K, Huo Y, Shambat G, Miller G, Liu X, Dutt R, Kamins TI, Vuckovic J, Harris JS. Investigation of germanium quantum-well light sources. Opt Express 2015; 23:22424-22430. [PMID: 26368212 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.022424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a broad investigation of the optical properties of germanium (Ge) quantum-well devices. Our simulations show a significant increase of carrier density in the Ge quantum wells. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements show the enhanced direct-bandgap radiative recombination rates due to the carrier density increase in the Ge quantum wells. Electroluminescence (EL) measurements show the temperature-dependent properties of our Ge quantum-well devices, which are in good agreement with our theoretical models. We also demonstrate the PL measurements of Ge quantum-well microdisks using tapered-fiber collection method and quantify the optical loss of the Ge quantum-well structure from the measured PL spectra for the first time.
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15
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Kurisu F, Zang K, Kasuga I, Furumai H, Yagi O. Identification of estrone-degrading Betaproteobacteria in activated sludge by microautoradiography fluorescent in situ
hybridization. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 61:28-35. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Kurisu
- Research Center for Water Environment Technology; Graduate School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Zang
- Department of Urban Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - I. Kasuga
- Department of Urban Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Furumai
- Research Center for Water Environment Technology; Graduate School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - O. Yagi
- College of Industrial Technology; Nihon University; Chiba Japan
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16
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Brunner S, Schmid D, Zang K, Much D, Knoeferl B, Kratzsch J, Amann-Gassner U, Bader BL, Hauner H. Breast milk leptin and adiponectin in relation to infant body composition up to 2 years. Pediatr Obes 2015; 10:67-73. [PMID: 24729519 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2014.222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokines in breast milk have been associated with infant growth trajectories. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the relationship of leptin and adiponectin in breast milk with infant weight gain and body composition up to the age of 2 years. METHODS Breast milk samples were collected from exclusively or partially breastfeeding mothers at 6 weeks (n = 152) and 4 months (n = 120) post-partum. Leptin and adiponectin were determined in skim breast milk and related to infant growth and fat mass assessed by skin-fold thickness measurements. A total of 118 infants were examined at 2 years. RESULTS The levels of both milk adipokines were slightly lower at 4 months compared with 6 weeks post-partum. Breast milk leptin was largely unrelated to infant anthropometric measures up to 2 years. Milk adiponectin tended to be inversely related to early infant anthropometry up to 4 months, but beyond was positively associated with weight gain and the sum of skin-folds up to 2 years. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that higher adiponectin levels in breast milk might be associated with greater weight gain and higher fat mass in the offspring up to 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brunner
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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17
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Chen S, Zhou S, Zang K, Kong F, Liang D, Yan H. CD73 expression in RPE cells is associated with the suppression of conventional CD4 cell proliferation. Exp Eye Res 2014; 127:26-36. [PMID: 24880143 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CD73 is intensively involved in the regulation of immune responses through the conversion of pro-inflammatory ATP to immunosuppressive adenosine. Herein, we clarified whether cells in the retina express CD73 and participate in the regulation of inflammatory eye diseases such as experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). First, immunofluorescence staining was performed to compare the distribution of CD73(+) cells in the retinas of EAU-induced and normal B10RIII mice. The results revealed that a layer of cells in the normal retina that was consistent with the location of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells strongly expressing CD73, and the expression was markedly reduced in the presence of EAU. Thereafter, EAU was also induced in C57BL/6 mice by active immunization or adoptive transfer. CD73 expression in isolated RPE cells was assessed by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting, and the catalytic abilities of the cells to convert AMP to adenosine were determined using HPLC analyses. Compared to the normal control, significantly decreased CD73 expression and AMP catalytic ability were found in the RPE cells isolated from inflamed eyes. CD73 expression and activity were also studied in cultured RPE cells treated with different stimuli, such as Toll-like receptor ligands and cytokines. Highly varied functional CD73 expression was observed in RPE cells through cytokines or Toll-like receptor agonist treatments. Finally, whether RPE cells could regulate the immune response, particularly the proliferation of CD4 cells, through surface-expressed CD73 was determined using a two-chamber assay. The robust inhibition of conventional T-cell proliferation was uniquely observed when CD73(+) RPE cells in the upper chamber were in the presence of AMP. To further confirm the function of CD73 in RPE cells, Cd73(-/-) RPE cells were isolated, and CD73-rescued control cells were constructed. CD73(+)Cd73(-/-) RPE, not Cd73(-/-) RPE, significantly suppressed interacted CD4 cells proliferation and cytokine production. Taken together, these data suggest that naive RPE cells suppressed the immune response through their high expression of CD73. The expression of CD73 in RPE cells could be regulated through many factors, and down-regulated CD73 expression attenuated the suppressive effect of RPE on the proliferation of conventional CD4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Shumin Zhou
- The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Kai Zang
- The Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Fanqiang Kong
- General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Dongchun Liang
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of Southern California, CA 90032, USA
| | - Hua Yan
- General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300052, China.
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18
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Dullinger J, Prudlo J, Roemer K, Martin T, Göttert E, Zang K, Ludolph A, Menzel C, Kalscheuer V, Ropers H, Meyer T. Identification of candidate genes in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by breakpoint characterisation. Akt Neurol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-919642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Prudlo J, Meyer T, Ludolph A, König J, Roemer K, Reichardt S, Zang K, Mehraein Y. Erhöhte Schwesterchromatid-Austauschrate in nicht-neuronalen Zellen von Patienten mit sporadischer ALS. Akt Neurol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-919645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Xu B, Gottschalk W, Chow A, Wilson RI, Schnell E, Zang K, Wang D, Nicoll RA, Lu B, Reichardt LF. The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptors in the mature hippocampus: modulation of long-term potentiation through a presynaptic mechanism involving TrkB. J Neurosci 2000; 20:6888-97. [PMID: 10995833 PMCID: PMC2711895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophin BDNF has been shown to modulate long-term potentiation (LTP) at Schaffer collateral-CA1 hippocampal synapses. Mutants in the BDNF receptor gene trkB and antibodies to its second receptor p75NTR have been used to determine the receptors and cells involved in this response. Inhibition of p75NTR does not detectably reduce LTP or affect presynaptic function, but analyses of newly generated trkB mutants implicate TrkB. One mutant has reduced expression in a normal pattern of TrkB throughout the brain. The second mutant was created by cre-loxP-mediated removal of TrkB in CA1 pyramidal neurons of this mouse. Neither mutant detectably impacts survival or morphology of hippocampal neurons. TrkB reduction, however, affects presynaptic function and reduces the ability of tetanic stimulation to induce LTP. Postsynaptic glutamate receptors are not affected by TrkB reduction, indicating that BDNF does not modulate plasticity through postsynaptic TrkB. Consistent with this, elimination of TrkB in postsynaptic neurons does not affect LTP. Moreover, normal LTP is generated in the mutant with reduced TrkB by a depolarization-low-frequency stimulation pairing protocol that puts minimal demands on presynaptic terminal function. Thus, BDNF appears to act through TrkB presynaptically, but not postsynaptically, to modulate LTP.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Axons/metabolism
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics
- Hippocampus/cytology
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- In Vitro Techniques
- Long-Term Potentiation/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neuronal Plasticity/genetics
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Presynaptic Terminals/metabolism
- Pyramidal Cells/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- Receptor, trkB/deficiency
- Receptor, trkB/genetics
- Receptor, trkB/metabolism
- Receptors, Glutamate/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Stem Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- B Xu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Neuroscience and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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21
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Xu B, Zang K, Ruff NL, Zhang YA, McConnell SK, Stryker MP, Reichardt LF. Cortical degeneration in the absence of neurotrophin signaling: dendritic retraction and neuronal loss after removal of the receptor TrkB. Neuron 2000; 26:233-45. [PMID: 10798407 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)81153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To examine functions of TrkB in the adult CNS, TrkB has been removed from neurons expressing CaMKII, primarily pyramidal neurons, using Cre-mediated recombination. A floxed trkB allele was designed so that neurons lacking TrkB express tau-beta-galactosidase. Following trkB deletion in pyramidal cells, their dendritic arbors are altered, and cortical layers II/III and V are compressed, after which there is an apparent loss of mutant neurons expressing the transcription factor SCIP but not of those expressing Otx-1. Loss of neurons expressing SCIP requires deletion of trkB within affected neurons; reduction of neuronal ER81 expression does not, suggesting both direct and indirect effects of TrkB loss. Thus, TrkB is required for the maintenance of specific populations of cells in the adult neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Xu
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
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22
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Huang EJ, Wilkinson GA, Fariñas I, Backus C, Zang K, Wong SL, Reichardt LF. Expression of Trk receptors in the developing mouse trigeminal ganglion: in vivo evidence for NT-3 activation of TrkA and TrkB in addition to TrkC. Development 1999; 126:2191-203. [PMID: 10207144 PMCID: PMC2710120 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126.10.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Animals lacking neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) are born with deficits in almost all sensory ganglia. Among these, the trigeminal ganglion is missing 70% of the normal number of neurons, a deficit which develops during the major period of neurogenesis between embryonic stages (E) 10.5 and E13.5. In order to identify the mechanisms for this deficit, we used antisera specific for TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC to characterize and compare the expression patterns of each Trk receptor in trigeminal ganglia of wild type and NT-3 mutants between E10.5 and E15.5. Strikingly, TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC proteins appear to be exclusively associated with neurons, not precursors. While some neurons show limited co-expression of Trk receptors at E11.5, by E13. 5 each neuron expresses only one Trk receptor. Neuronal birth dating and cell counts show that in wild-type animals all TrkB- and TrkC-expressing neurons are generated before E11.5, while the majority of TrkA-expressing neurons are generated between E11.5 and E13.5. In mice lacking NT-3, the initial formation of the ganglion, as assessed at E10.5, is similar to that in wild-type animals. At E11.5, however, the number of TrkC-expressing neurons is dramatically reduced and the number of TrkC-immunopositive apoptotic profiles is markedly elevated. By E13.5, TrkC-expressing neurons are virtually eliminated. At E11.5, compared to wild type, the number of TrkB-expressing neurons is also reduced and the number of TrkB immunoreactive apoptotic profiles is increased. TrkA neurons are also reduced in the NT-3 mutants, but the major deficit develops between E12.5 and E13.5 when elevated numbers of TrkA-immunoreactive apoptotic profiles are detected. Normal numbers of TrkA- and TrkB-expressing neurons are seen in a TrkC-deficient mutant. Therefore, our data provide evidence that NT-3 supports the survival of TrkA-, TrkB- and TrkC-expressing neurons in the trigeminal ganglion by activating directly each of these receptors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Huang
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0723, USA
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23
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Eide FF, Vining ER, Eide BL, Zang K, Wang XY, Reichardt LF. Naturally occurring truncated trkB receptors have dominant inhibitory effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling. J Neurosci 1996; 16:3123-9. [PMID: 8627351 PMCID: PMC2710135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
trkB encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by three neurotrophins--brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-4/5. In vivo, three isoforms of the receptor are generated by differential splicing--gp145trkB or the full-length trkB receptor, and trkB.T1 and trkB.T2, two cytoplasmically truncated receptors that lack kinases, but contain unique C termini. Although the truncated receptors appear to be precisely regulated during nervous system development and regeneration, their role in neurotrophin signaling has not been directly tested. In this paper, we studied the signaling properties and interactions of gp145trkB, trkB.T1, and trkB.T2 by expressing the receptors in a Xenopus oocyte microinjection assay. We found that oocytes expressing gp145trkB, but not trkB.T1 or trkB.T2, were capable of eliciting 45Ca efflux responses (a phospholipase C-gamma-mediated mechanism) after stimulation by BDNF. When trkB.T1 and trkB.T2 were coexpressed with gp145trkB, they acted as dominant negative receptors, inhibiting the BDNF signal by forming nonfunctional heterodimers with the full-length receptors. An ATP-binding mutant of gp145trkB had similar dominant inhibitory effects. Our data suggest that naturally occurring truncated trkB receptors function as inhibitory modulators of neurotrophin responsiveness. Furthermore, the homodimerization of gp145trkB appears to be an essential step in activation of the BDNF signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Eide
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Zang K. Laser treatment of hypertrophic synovitis. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 1992; 9:749-61. [PMID: 1393993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic synovitis is fairly common in the foot and ankle as a result of an injury or in reaction to silicone implants. Laser treatment of this condition is accomplished in conjunction with standard surgical techniques. The advantages of this method are clear: hemostasis, reduction of postoperative edema, less scar tissue, and the potential for reduced postoperative pain.
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Abstract
The lack of physical mapping data strongly restricts the analysis of the meningioma chromosomal region that was assigned to the bands 22q12.3-qter. Recently, we reported a new marker D22S16 for chromosome 22 that was assigned to the region 22q13-qter by in situ hybridization. Utilizing somatic cell hybrids we now sublocalized the marker D22S16 within the band region 22q12-13.1, thus placing it in the vicinity of the gene for the platelet derived growth factor (PDGFB). A physical map was established for the regions surrounding the PDGFB gene and the D22S16 marker. By means of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) D22S16 and PDGFB were found to be physically linked within 900 kb. We also identified two CpG clusters bordering the PDGFB gene. For the enzyme NotI, a variation of the PDGFB restriction pattern was found between different individuals. PFGE analysis of the two loci (PDFGB and D22S16) failed to identify major rearrangements in meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Herzog
- University of Saarland, Department of Human Genetics, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Arwert F, Porck HJ, Fràter-Schröder M, Brahe C, Geurts van Kessel A, Westerveld A, Meera Khan P, Zang K, Frants RR, Kortbeek HT. Assignment of human transcobalamin II (TC2) to chromosome 22 using somatic cell hybrids and monosomic meningioma cells. Hum Genet 1986; 74:378-81. [PMID: 3466852 DOI: 10.1007/bf00280489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human transcobalamin II (TC2), a vitamin B12 binding serum protein, is synthesized and secreted into the medium by cells growing in vitro. Mouse-man somatic cell hybrids were analyzed in order to map the locus of TC2. The presence of human TC2 in the culture media was correlated with the results of genetic marker and chromosome analysis of the hybrid cells. Chromosome 22 showed 100% concordancy. However, chromosome 6 (90% concordancy) and chromosome 7 (96% concordancy) were not completely excluded. Meningioma cells obtained from patients heterozygous for TC2 showed a concomitant loss of one chromosome 22 and one of the TC2 alleles, strongly supporting the assignment to chromosome 22.
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Abstract
Eight out of 35 human intracranial tumors were shown by restriction enzyme analysis to contain unintegrated simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA molecules. The relative amount of viral DNA was estimated to be the equivalent of one viral genome within every 10th to 20th cell. No infectious virus was detected in tissue cultures established from the tumors. From only one tumor was it possible to rescue, by cell fusion, infectious SV40 displaying wild-type properties. In those cases that permitted a more detailed analysis, the restriction enzyme cleavage patterns appeared to correspond to the wild-type patterns with one exception, in which the SV40 episomes displayed a deletion of approximately 70 base pairs close to the origin of DNA replication. From one tumor, the SV40 genomes were transferred into permissive CV-1 monkey cells by transfection with the total tumor DNA. Despite their persistence as episomes no infectious virus was produced. Furthermore, no viral antigens were detectable, although the SV40 messengers for the small and the large tumor antigens were present. These cells had, however, acquired the ability to form colonies in low concentrations of serum. Thus this report provides, by restriction enzyme analysis, direct evidence for the presence of SV40 DNA in human tumors.
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Zang K. [Cytogenetics]. Nervenarzt 1966; 37:461-3. [PMID: 4228028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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