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Fehlhaber B, Heinemann AS, Rübensam K, Willers M, Völlger L, Pfeifer S, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Viemann D. A sensitive scoring system for the longitudinal clinical evaluation and prediction of lethal disease outcomes in newborn mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5919. [PMID: 30976090 PMCID: PMC6459866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal animal models are increasingly employed in order to unravel age-specific disease mechanisms. Appropriate tools objectifying the clinical condition of murine neonates are lacking. In this study, we tested a scoring system specifically designed for newborn mice that relies on clinical observation and examination. Both, in a neonatal sepsis model and an endotoxic shock model, the scoring results strongly correlated with disease-induced death rates. Full as well as observation-restricted scoring, reliably predicted fatality and the remaining time until death. Clinical scores even proved as more sensitive biomarker than 6 traditionally used plasma cytokine levels in detecting sepsis at an early disease stage. In conclusion, we propose a simple scoring system that detects health impairments of newborn mice in a non-invasive longitudinal and highly sensitive manner. Its usage will help to meet animal welfare requirements and might improve the understanding of neonatal disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Fehlhaber
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna S Heinemann
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Rübensam
- Research Centre for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maike Willers
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lena Völlger
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Pfeifer
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Research Centre for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorothee Viemann
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Hribal R, Rübensam K, Bernhardt S, Jewgenow K, Guenther A. Effect of season on reproductive behaviors and fertilization success in cavies (Cavia aperea). Theriogenology 2018; 114:185-190. [PMID: 29649721 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Finding the optimal timing for breeding is crucial for small mammals to ensure survival and maximize lifetime reproductive success. Species living in temperate regions therefore often restrict breeding to seasons with favorable food and weather conditions. Although caviomorph rodents such as guinea pigs are described as non-seasonal breeders, a series of recent publications has shown seasonal adaptations in litter size, offspring birth mass and maternal investment. Here, we aim to test if seasonal patterns of litter size variation found in earlier studies, are mediated by seasonal differences in female estrus length, fertilization rate and mating behavior. The female estrus period was longer in fall compared to all other seasons (p < 0.001), frequently lasting 7-9 days while estrus in spring usually lasted less than 2 days. In fall, females mated later during estrus (p < 0.001), resulting in reduced fertilization rates (p < 0.001). Fertilization rate was well above 95% in summer while it dropped to less than 85% in fall and winter. While none of the male mating characteristics such as number and duration of copulations differed across seasons, the number of mating bouts was reduced in fall (p = 0.04). Finally, the developmental stages of flushed embryos were more diverse in spring and summer compared to fall and winter. These results suggest that seasonal differences in fertilization rate and quality of implanted embryos are mediated by female estrus length and timing and intensity of mating behavior. Together, these effects contribute to the observed differences in litter size across seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Hribal
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department Reproduction Biology, PF 700430, 10324 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Rübensam
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department Reproduction Biology, PF 700430, 10324 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Bernhardt
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department Reproduction Biology, PF 700430, 10324 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katarina Jewgenow
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department Reproduction Biology, PF 700430, 10324 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Guenther
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; GELIFES-Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Weyrich A, Jeschek M, Schrapers KT, Lenz D, Chung TH, Rübensam K, Yasar S, Schneemann M, Ortmann S, Jewgenow K, Fickel J. Diet changes alter paternally inherited epigenetic pattern in male Wild guinea pigs. Environ Epigenet 2018; 4:dvy011. [PMID: 29992049 PMCID: PMC6031029 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, of which DNA methylation is the most stable, are a mechanism conveying environmental information to subsequent generations via parental germ lines. The paternal contribution to adaptive processes in the offspring might be crucial, but has been widely neglected in comparison to the maternal one. To address the paternal impact on the offspring's adaptability to changes in diet composition, we investigated if low protein diet (LPD) in F0 males caused epigenetic alterations in their subsequently sired sons. We therefore fed F0 male Wild guinea pigs with a diet lowered in protein content (LPD) and investigated DNA methylation in sons sired before and after their father's LPD treatment in both, liver and testis tissues. Our results point to a 'heritable epigenetic response' of the sons to the fathers' dietary change. Because we detected methylation changes also in the testis tissue, they are likely to be transmitted to the F2 generation. Gene-network analyses of differentially methylated genes in liver identified main metabolic pathways indicating a metabolic reprogramming ('metabolic shift'). Epigenetic mechanisms, allowing an immediate and inherited adaptation may thus be important for the survival of species in the context of a persistently changing environment, such as climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weyrich
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Street 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Jeschek
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Street 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research, Koenigin-Luise-Street 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - K T Schrapers
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Street 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Lenz
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Street 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - T H Chung
- Zymoresearch, EpiQuest, 17062 Murphy Avenue, Irvine, CA 92614, USA
| | - K Rübensam
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Street 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Yasar
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Street 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Schneemann
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Street 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Ortmann
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Street 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Jewgenow
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Street 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Fickel
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Street 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Karl-Liebknecht-Street 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Hribal R, Guenther A, Rübensam K, Jewgenow K. Blastocyst recovery and multifactorial gene expression analysis in the wild guinea pig (Cavia aperea). Theriogenology 2016; 86:1299-307. [PMID: 27264741 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The expression of specific developmentally important genes in preimplantation embryos is an accepted marker for unraveling the influence of single factors in studies that are mostly related to artificial reproduction techniques. Such studies, however, often reveal high levels of heterogeneity between single embryos, independently of the influence of factors of interest. A possible explanation for this variation could be the large variety of physiological and environmental factors to which early embryos are exposed and their ability to react to them. Here, we investigated several potentially important parameters of development at the same time, in blastocysts of the wild guinea pig (Cavia aperea) generated in vivo after natural mating. The optimal time for flushing fully developed blastocysts was between 123 and 126 hours after mating. The abundance of POU5F1 (P = 0.042), BAX (P < 0.001), SLC2A1 (P = 0.017), and DNMT3A (P < 0.001) mRNA changed significantly over time after mating. The number of sibling embryos present influenced STAT3 levels significantly (P = 0.02). Levels of BAX and POU5F1 were significantly affected by season (P = 0.03 and 0.04). The temporal pattern of SLC2A1 levels was significantly altered both after feeding a protein-deficient diet (P = 0.04) and temperature treatment (P = 0.04) of the sire. In addition, the identity of the father had a significant influence on POU5F1 (P = 0.049) and STAT3 (P < 0.001) mRNA abundances. These data report that the expression of specific genes in early embryos reflects the entire heterogeneity of their surroundings and that it is a plastic reaction toward a multifactorial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Hribal
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Reproduction Biology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anja Guenther
- Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kathrin Rübensam
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Reproduction Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katarina Jewgenow
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Reproduction Biology, Berlin, Germany
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Weyrich A, Lenz D, Jeschek M, Chung TH, Rübensam K, Göritz F, Jewgenow K, Fickel J. Paternal intergenerational epigenetic response to heat exposure in male Wild guinea pigs. Mol Ecol 2015; 25:1729-40. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Weyrich
- Leibniz‐Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) Alfred‐Kowalke‐Str. 17 10315 Berlin Germany
| | - Dorina Lenz
- Leibniz‐Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) Alfred‐Kowalke‐Str. 17 10315 Berlin Germany
| | - Marie Jeschek
- Leibniz‐Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) Alfred‐Kowalke‐Str. 17 10315 Berlin Germany
- Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research Königin‐Luise‐Str 6‐8 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Tzu Hung Chung
- Zymoresearch, EpiQuest 17062 Murphy Ave. Irvine CA 92614 USA
| | - Kathrin Rübensam
- Leibniz‐Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) Alfred‐Kowalke‐Str. 17 10315 Berlin Germany
| | - Frank Göritz
- Leibniz‐Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) Alfred‐Kowalke‐Str. 17 10315 Berlin Germany
| | - Katarina Jewgenow
- Leibniz‐Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) Alfred‐Kowalke‐Str. 17 10315 Berlin Germany
| | - Jörns Fickel
- Leibniz‐Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) Alfred‐Kowalke‐Str. 17 10315 Berlin Germany
- Potsdam University Karl‐Liebknecht‐Str. 22‐24 14476 Potsdam Germany
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