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Reishofer D, Resel R, Sattelkow J, Fischer WJ, Niegelhell K, Mohan T, Kleinschek KS, Amenitsch H, Plank H, Tammelin T, Kontturi E, Spirk S. Humidity Response of Cellulose Thin Films. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1148-1157. [PMID: 35225593 PMCID: PMC8924868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Cellulose–water
interactions are crucial to understand biological
processes as well as to develop tailor made cellulose-based products.
However, the main challenge to study these interactions is the diversity
of natural cellulose fibers and alterations in their supramolecular
structure. Here, we study the humidity response of different, well-defined,
ultrathin cellulose films as a function of industrially relevant treatments
using different techniques. As treatments, drying at elevated temperature,
swelling, and swelling followed by drying at elevated temperatures
were chosen. The cellulose films were prepared by spin coating a soluble
cellulose derivative, trimethylsilyl cellulose, onto solid substrates
followed by conversion to cellulose by HCl vapor. For the highest
investigated humidity levels (97%), the layer thickness increased
by ca. 40% corresponding to the incorporation of 3.6 molecules of
water per anhydroglucose unit (AGU), independent of the cellulose
source used. The aforementioned treatments affected this ratio significantly
with drying being the most notable procedure (2.0 and 2.6 molecules
per AGU). The alterations were investigated in real time with X-ray
reflectivity and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, equipped
with a humidity module to obtain information about changes in the
thickness, roughness, and electron density of the films and qualitatively
confirmed using grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering measurements
using synchrotron irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reishofer
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute for Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Jürgen Sattelkow
- Institute for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Wolfgang J Fischer
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Katrin Niegelhell
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Tamilselvan Mohan
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Karin Stana Kleinschek
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Harald Plank
- Institute for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- High Performance Fibre Products, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, Graz 8010, Austria
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Sampl C, Niegelhell K, Reishofer D, Resel R, Spirk S, Hirn U. Multilayer Density Analysis of Cellulose Thin Films. Front Chem 2019; 7:251. [PMID: 31041311 PMCID: PMC6476991 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An approach for the multilayer density analysis of polysaccharide thin films at the example of cellulose is presented. In detail, a model was developed for the evaluation of the density in different layers across the thickness direction of the film. The cellulose thin film was split into a so called "roughness layer" present at the surface and a "bulk layer" attached to the substrate surface. For this approach, a combination of multi-parameter surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to detect changes in the properties, such as cellulose content and density, thickness and refractive index, of the surface near layer and the bulk layer. The surface region of the films featured a much lower density than the bulk. Further, these results correlate to X-ray reflectivity studies, indicating a similar layered structure with reduced density at the surface near regions. The proposed method provides an approach to analyse density variations in thin films which can be used to study material properties and swelling behavior in different layers of the films. Limitations and challenges of the multilayer model evaluation method of cellulose thin films were discussed. This particularly involves the selection of the starting values for iteration of the layer thickness of the top layer, which was overcome by incorporation of AFM data in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Sampl
- Institute for Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- CD-Laboratory for Fibre Swelling and Paper Performance, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Katrin Niegelhell
- Institute for Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- CD-Laboratory for Fibre Swelling and Paper Performance, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - David Reishofer
- Institute for Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute for Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- CD-Laboratory for Fibre Swelling and Paper Performance, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Hirn
- Institute for Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- CD-Laboratory for Fibre Swelling and Paper Performance, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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Schlemmer W, Zankel A, Niegelhell K, Hobisch M, Süssenbacher M, Zajki-Zechmeister K, Weissl M, Reishofer D, Plank H, Spirk S. Deposition of Cellulose-Based Thin Films on Flexible Substrates. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11122433. [PMID: 30513642 PMCID: PMC6316936 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates flexible (polyamide 6.6 PA-6.6, polyethylene terephthalate PET, Cu, Al, and Ni foils) and, for comparison, stiff substrates (silicon wafers and glass) differing in, for example, in surface free energy and surface roughness and their ability to host cellulose-based thin films. Trimethylsilyl cellulose (TMSC), a hydrophobic acid-labile cellulose derivative, was deposited on these substrates and subjected to spin coating. For all the synthetic polymer and metal substrates, rather homogenous films were obtained, where the thickness and the roughness of the films correlated with the substrate roughness and its surface free energy. A particular case was the TMSC layer on the copper foil, which exhibited superhydrophobicity caused by the microstructuring of the copper substrate. After the investigation of TMSC film formation, the conversion to cellulose using acidic vapors of HCl was attempted. While for the polymer foils, as well as for glass and silicon, rather homogenous and smooth cellulose films were obtained, for the metal foils, there is a competing reaction between the formation of metal chlorides and the generation of cellulose. We observed particles corresponding to the metal chlorides, while we could not detect any cellulose thin films after HCl treatment of the metal foils as proven by cross-section imaging using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Schlemmer
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Armin Zankel
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI), Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Katrin Niegelhell
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Mathias Hobisch
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Michael Süssenbacher
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | | | - Michael Weissl
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - David Reishofer
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Harald Plank
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI), Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Niegelhell K, Ganner T, Plank H, Jantscher-Krenn E, Spirk S. Lectins at Interfaces-An Atomic Force Microscopy and Multi-Parameter-Surface Plasmon Resonance Study. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E2348. [PMID: 30469499 PMCID: PMC6316747 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are a diverse class of carbohydrate binding proteins with pivotal roles in cell communication and signaling in many (patho)physiologic processes in the human body, making them promising targets in drug development, for instance, in cancer or infectious diseases. Other applications of lectins employ their ability to recognize specific glycan epitopes in biosensors and glycan microarrays. While a lot of research has focused on lectin interaction with specific carbohydrates, the interaction potential of lectins with different types of surfaces has not been addressed extensively. Here, we screen the interaction of two specific plant lectins, Concanavalin A and Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin-I with different nanoscopic thin films. As a control, the same experiments were performed with Bovine Serum Albumin, a widely used marker for non-specific protein adsorption. In order to test the preferred type of interaction during adsorption, hydrophobic, hydrophilic and charged polymer films were explored, such as polystyrene, cellulose, N,-N,-N-trimethylchitosan chloride and gold, and characterized in terms of wettability, surface free energy, zeta potential and morphology. Atomic force microscopy images of surfaces after protein adsorption correlated very well with the observed mass of adsorbed protein. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy studies revealed low adsorbed amounts and slow kinetics for all of the investigated proteins for hydrophilic surfaces, making those resistant to non-specific interactions. As a consequence, they may serve as favorable supports for biosensors, since the use of blocking agents is not necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Niegelhell
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fiber Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Thomas Ganner
- Institute for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Harald Plank
- Institute for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Evelyn Jantscher-Krenn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fiber Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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5
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Niegelhell K, Chemelli A, Hobisch J, Griesser T, Reiter H, Hirn U, Spirk S. Interaction of industrially relevant cationic starches with cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 179:290-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Niegelhell K, Süßenbacher M, Sattelkow J, Plank H, Wang Y, Zhang K, Spirk S. How Bound and Free Fatty Acids in Cellulose Films Impact Nonspecific Protein Adsorption. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:4224-4231. [PMID: 29073355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of fatty acids and fatty acid esters to impair nonspecific protein adsorption on cellulose thin films is investigated. Thin films are prepared by blending trimethylsilyl cellulose solutions with either cellulose stearoyl ester or stearic acid at various ratios. After film formation by spin coating, the trimethylsilyl cellulose fraction of the films is converted to cellulose by exposure to HCl vapors. The morphologies and surface roughness of the blends were examined by atomic force microscopy revealing different feature shapes and sizes depending on the blend ratios. Nonspecific protein adsorption at the example of bovine serum albumin toward the blend thin films was tested by means of surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy in real-time. Incorporation of stearic acid into the cellulose leads to highly protein repellent surfaces regardless of the amount added. The stearic acid acts as a sacrificial compound that builds a complex with bovine serum albumin thereby inhibiting protein adsorption. For the blends where stearoyl ester is added to the cellulose films, the cellulose:cellulose stearoyl ester ratios of 3:1 and 1:1 lead to much lower nonspecific protein adsorption compared to pure cellulose, whereas for the other ratios, adsorption increases. Supplementary results were obtained from atomic force microscopy experiments performed in liquid during exposure to protein solution and surface free energy determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yonggui Wang
- Wood Technology and Wood Chemistry, Georg-August-University of Goettingen , Büsgenweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kai Zhang
- Wood Technology and Wood Chemistry, Georg-August-University of Goettingen , Büsgenweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Mohan T, Niegelhell K, Nagaraj C, Reishofer D, Spirk S, Olschewski A, Stana Kleinschek K, Kargl R. Interaction of Tissue Engineering Substrates with Serum Proteins and Its Influence on Human Primary Endothelial Cells. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:413-421. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamilselvan Mohan
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Katrin Niegelhell
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Ludwig Boltzmann
Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - David Reishofer
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Laboratory
for Characterization and Processing of Polymers (LCPP), University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Laboratory
for Characterization and Processing of Polymers (LCPP), University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann
Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Stana Kleinschek
- Laboratory
for Characterization and Processing of Polymers (LCPP), University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Rupert Kargl
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Laboratory
for Characterization and Processing of Polymers (LCPP), University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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8
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Niegelhell K, Süßenbacher M, Jammernegg K, Ganner T, Schwendenwein D, Schwab H, Stelzer F, Plank H, Spirk S. Enzymes as Biodevelopers for Nano- And Micropatterned Bicomponent Biopolymer Thin Films. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3743-3749. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Niegelhell
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for
Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Süßenbacher
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for
Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Katrin Jammernegg
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for
Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Ganner
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for
Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Schwendenwein
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for
Molecular Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut Schwab
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for
Molecular Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Franz Stelzer
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for
Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Plank
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for
Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for
Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- University of Maribor, Institute for Engineering and
Design of Materials, Smetanova
Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Strasser S, Niegelhell K, Kaschowitz M, Markus S, Kargl R, Stana-Kleinschek K, Slugovc C, Mohan T, Spirk S. Exploring Nonspecific Protein Adsorption on Lignocellulosic Amphiphilic Bicomponent Films. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1083-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Strasser
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Katrin Niegelhell
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Manuel Kaschowitz
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sabina Markus
- Institute
of Engineering and Design of Materials, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Rupert Kargl
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Engineering and Design of Materials, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Karin Stana-Kleinschek
- Institute
of Engineering and Design of Materials, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Christian Slugovc
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tamilselvan Mohan
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Engineering and Design of Materials, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Niegelhell K, Leimgruber S, Grießer T, Brandl C, Chernev B, Schennach R, Trimmel G, Spirk S. Adsorption Studies of Organophosphonic Acids on Differently Activated Gold Surfaces. Langmuir 2016; 32:1550-9. [PMID: 26811882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the formation of self-assembled monolayers consisting of three organophosphonic acids (vinyl-, octyl-, and tetradecylphosphonic acid) from isopropanol solutions onto differently activated gold surfaces is studied in situ and in real time using multiparameter surface plasmon resonance (MP-SPR). Data retrieved from MP-SPR measurements revealed similar adsorption kinetics for all investigated organophosphonic acids (PA). The layer thickness of the immobilized PA is in the range of 0.6-1.8 nm corresponding to monolayer-like coverage and correlates with the length of the hydrocarbon chain of the PA molecules. After sintering the surfaces, the PA are irreversibly attached onto the surfaces as proven by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection infrared and grazing incidence infrared spectroscopy. Potential adsorption modes and interaction mechanisms are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Niegelhell
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Leimgruber
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH , Roseggerstraße 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Thomas Grießer
- Institute for Polymer Chemistry, University of Leoben , Otto Glöckel-Straße 2/IV, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Christian Brandl
- Institute for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology , Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Boril Chernev
- Institute for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology , Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Schennach
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gregor Trimmel
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
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11
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Mohan T, Niegelhell K, Zarth CSP, Kargl R, Köstler S, Ribitsch V, Heinze T, Spirk S, Stana-Kleinschek K. Triggering protein adsorption on tailored cationic cellulose surfaces. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3931-41. [PMID: 25233035 DOI: 10.1021/bm500997s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The equipment of cellulose ultrathin films with BSA (bovine serum albumin) via cationization of the surface by tailor-made cationic celluloses is described. In this way, matrices for controlled protein deposition are created, whereas the extent of protein affinity to these surfaces is controlled by the charge density and solubility of the tailored cationic cellulose derivative. In order to understand the impact of the cationic cellulose derivatives on the protein affinity, their interaction capacity with fluorescently labeled BSA is investigated at different concentrations and pH values. The amount of deposited material is quantified using QCM-D (quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, wet mass) and MP-SPR (multi-parameter surface plasmon resonance, dry mass), and the mass of coupled water is evaluated by combination of QCM-D and SPR data. It turns out that adsorption can be tuned over a wide range (0.6-3.9 mg dry mass m(-2)) depending on the used conditions for adsorption and the type of employed cationic cellulose. After evaluation of protein adsorption, patterned cellulose thin films have been prepared and the cationic celluloses were adsorbed in a similar fashion as in the QCM-D and SPR experiments. Onto these cationic surfaces, fluorescently labeled BSA in different concentrations is deposited by an automatized spotting apparatus and a correlation between the amount of the deposited protein and the fluorescence intensity is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamilselvan Mohan
- Institute for Chemistry, University of Graz , Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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