A novel facile synthesis of metal nitride@metal oxide (BN/Gd2O3) nanocomposite and their antibacterial and anticancer activities

In this study, a novel core/shell nanocomposite structure (h-BN@Gd2O3 NCs) was created for the first time by combining hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) with doped gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) using different laser pulse numbers, i.e., 150, 338, and 772 pulses. We employed various analytical techniques, including mapping analysis, FE-SEM, EDS, HRTEM, SAED, XRD, zeta potential analysis, DLS, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and PL measurements, to characterize the synthesized h-BN, c-Gd2O3, and h-BN@Gd2O3 NCs (338 pulses). XRD results indicated hexagonal and cubic crystal structures for BN and Gd2O3, respectively, while EDS confirmed their chemical composition and elemental mapping. Chemical bonds between B-N-Gd, B-N-O, and Gd-O bands at 412, 455, 474, and 520 cm-1 were identified by FTIR analysis. The antimicrobial and anticancer activities of these NCs using agar well diffusion and MTT assays. They exhibited potent antibacterial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Furthermore, NCs have reduced the proliferation of cancerous cells, i.e., human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) and human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), while not affecting the proliferation of the normal breast cell line (MCF-10). The anticancer efficacy of NCs was validated by the AO/EtBr assay, which confirmed apoptotic cell death. Blood compatibility on human erythrocytes was also confirmed by hemolytic and in vitro toxicity assessments. The compiled results of the study proposed these nanoparticles could be used as a promising drug delivery system and potentially in healthcare applications.

Optimized selection of neodymium laser parameters for successful enlarged veins treatment

Full clearance and no side effects method of treating enlarged veins was successfully accomplished by one laser session. This is the ambition and dream of both dermatologists and patients. Most vascularity treatment protocols had shown some unpleasant adverse effects. The purpose of the present work is to work out, in advance, the accurate dose of laser pulse duration and fluence in order to treat varicose veins in the face, arms and legs with no adverse effects. This mission required the calculation of the exact rise in temperature of the enlarged vein; prior to laser treatment. These pre-calculated temperature rise values were tested on 20 subjects in order to have the best clinical outcomes; using fundamental frequency (1064 nm) pulsed Nd: YAG laser. This work necessitated the use of pulse length (15-30 ms), spot size (3, 5 mm), fluence (110-190 J/cm2) and skin cooling temperature (3-18 °C). Cooling of the skin before and after the treatment was needed to guarantee ultimate impactful results without side effects.

Gold Nanoparticles and Graphene Oxide Flakes Enhance Cancer Cells' Phagocytosis through Granzyme-Perforin-Dependent Biomechanism

The study aimed to investigate the roles of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and graphene oxide flakes (GOFs) as phagocytosis enhancers against cancer cells. The nanomaterials were characterized through SEM and UV-VIS absorptions. The GNPs and GOFs increased the macrophages’ phagocytosis ability in engulfing, thereby annihilating the cancer cells in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The GNPs and GOFs augmented serine protease class apoptotic protein, granzyme, passing through the aquaporin class protein, perforin, with mediated delivery through the cell membrane site for the programmed, calibrated, and conditioned cancer cells killing. Additionally, protease inhibitor 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin (DCI) significantly reduced granzyme and perforin activities of macrophages. The results demonstrated that the GOFs and GNPs increased the activation of phagocytic cells as a promising strategy for controlling cancer cells by augmenting the cell mortality through the granzyme-perforin-dependent mechanism.

Indium Nitride Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Ablation in Liquid

Indium nitride InN nanoparticles NPs suspension prepared by Nd:YAG laser ablation of indium target submerged under ammonium hydroxide. The Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV/VIS/NIR spectrophotometer and Conductivity meter were used to determine the properties of the nanoparticles prepared with different laser conditions. Fourier transform infrared spectra exhibit the presence of In[Formula: see text]N and In–N bonds, which indicates the formation of InN particles. X-ray diffraction pattern observed in the formation of InN NPs with cubic phase, the average diameters of the dominant peak c-InN (101) were approximately 2[Formula: see text]nm. Scanning electron microscopy image shows the presence of a large number of spherical shape nanoparticles having a particle size in the range 2–40[Formula: see text]nm with a few individual nanoparticles larger than 128[Formula: see text]nm. The transmission spectra of InN NPs suspension have the maximum optical transmission edge at 1378[Formula: see text]nm with bandgap energy was 0.85–1.2[Formula: see text]eV. InN has high electrical conductivity that depends on temperature value with small activation energy at room temperature ranging from 0.0318[Formula: see text]meV to 0.1591[Formula: see text]meV.

Preparation of iron oxide nanoparticles-decorated carbon nanotube using laser ablation in liquid and their antimicrobial activity

The antimicrobial activity was investigated for iron oxide IO nanoparticles (NPs)-decorated carbon nanotubes CNT prepared successfully by Nd:YAG-pulsed laser ablation in the liquid process. TEM reveals the composite NP and exhibits semispherical of iron oxide NPs, which aggregate around rolled and unrolled graphene sheet. XRD pattern proved the presence of carbon and different phases of IO NPs. Then, the antibacterial activity of the NPs was examined against different bacteria using nutrient broth and nutrient agar methods, which was enhanced using IO. In addition, the wound-healing activity for the best antibacterial concentration is tested by using animal models successfully.