1
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Schiattarella GG, Altamirano F, Kim SY, Tong D, Ferdous A, Piristine H, Dasgupta S, Wang X, French KM, Villalobos E, Spurgin SB, Waldman M, Jiang N, May HI, Hill TM, Luo Y, Yoo H, Zaha VG, Lavandero S, Gillette TG, Hill JA. Xbp1s-FoxO1 axis governs lipid accumulation and contractile performance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1684. [PMID: 33727534 PMCID: PMC7966396 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21931-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is now the dominant form of heart failure and one for which no efficacious therapies exist. Obesity and lipid mishandling greatly contribute to HFpEF. However, molecular mechanism(s) governing metabolic alterations and perturbations in lipid homeostasis in HFpEF are largely unknown. Here, we report that cardiomyocyte steatosis in HFpEF is coupled with increases in the activity of the transcription factor FoxO1 (Forkhead box protein O1). FoxO1 depletion, as well as over-expression of the Xbp1s (spliced form of the X-box-binding protein 1) arm of the UPR (unfolded protein response) in cardiomyocytes each ameliorates the HFpEF phenotype in mice and reduces myocardial lipid accumulation. Mechanistically, forced expression of Xbp1s in cardiomyocytes triggers ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of FoxO1 which occurs, in large part, through activation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1 (STIP1 homology and U-box-containing protein 1) a novel and direct transcriptional target of Xbp1s. Our findings uncover the Xbp1s-FoxO1 axis as a pivotal mechanism in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic HFpEF and unveil previously unrecognized mechanisms whereby the UPR governs metabolic alterations in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Francisco Altamirano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dan Tong
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anwarul Ferdous
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hande Piristine
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Subhajit Dasgupta
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xuliang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kristin M French
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elisa Villalobos
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stephen B Spurgin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Maayan Waldman
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Herman I May
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Theodore M Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yuxuan Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Heesoo Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vlad G Zaha
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Parkland Health & Hospital System, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas G Gillette
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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2
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Kim SY, Zhang X, Schiattarella GG, Altamirano F, Ramos TAR, French KM, Jiang N, Szweda PA, Evers BM, May HI, Luo X, Li H, Szweda LI, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Lavandero S, Gillette TG, Hill JA. Epigenetic Reader BRD4 (Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4) Governs Nucleus-Encoded Mitochondrial Transcriptome to Regulate Cardiac Function. Circulation 2020; 142:2356-2370. [PMID: 33113340 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.047239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BET (bromodomain and extraterminal) epigenetic reader proteins, in particular BRD4 (bromodomain-containing protein 4), have emerged as potential therapeutic targets in a number of pathological conditions, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Small-molecule BET protein inhibitors such as JQ1 have demonstrated efficacy in reversing cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in preclinical models. Yet, genetic studies elucidating the biology of BET proteins in the heart have not been conducted to validate pharmacological findings and to unveil potential pharmacological side effects. METHODS By engineering a cardiomyocyte-specific BRD4 knockout mouse, we investigated the role of BRD4 in cardiac pathophysiology. We performed functional, transcriptomic, and mitochondrial analyses to evaluate BRD4 function in developing and mature hearts. RESULTS Unlike pharmacological inhibition, loss of BRD4 protein triggered progressive declines in myocardial function, culminating in dilated cardiomyopathy. Transcriptome analysis of BRD4 knockout mouse heart tissue identified early and specific disruption of genes essential to mitochondrial energy production and homeostasis. Functional analysis of isolated mitochondria from these hearts confirmed that BRD4 ablation triggered significant changes in mitochondrial electron transport chain protein expression and activity. Computational analysis identified candidate transcription factors participating in the BRD4-regulated transcriptome. In particular, estrogen-related receptor α, a key nuclear receptor in metabolic gene regulation, was enriched in promoters of BRD4-regulated mitochondrial genes. CONCLUSIONS In aggregate, we describe a previously unrecognized role for BRD4 in regulating cardiomyocyte mitochondrial homeostasis, observing that its function is indispensable to the maintenance of normal cardiac function.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology
- Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Nucleus/pathology
- Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins/genetics
- Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins/metabolism
- Energy Metabolism/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria, Heart/genetics
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcriptome
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.Y.K., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., N.J., P.A.S., H.I.M., X.L., L.I.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, China (X.Z., H.L.)
| | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.Y.K., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., N.J., P.A.S., H.I.M., X.L., L.I.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas
| | - Francisco Altamirano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.Y.K., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., N.J., P.A.S., H.I.M., X.L., L.I.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX (F.A.)
| | - Thais A R Ramos
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago (T.A.R.R., V.M.-C., S.L.)
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Digital Metropolis Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (T.A.R.R., V.M.-C.)
| | - Kristin M French
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.Y.K., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., N.J., P.A.S., H.I.M., X.L., L.I.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas
| | - Nan Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.Y.K., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., N.J., P.A.S., H.I.M., X.L., L.I.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas
| | - Pamela A Szweda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.Y.K., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., N.J., P.A.S., H.I.M., X.L., L.I.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas
| | - Bret M Evers
- Department of Pathology (B.M.E.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas
| | - Herman I May
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.Y.K., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., N.J., P.A.S., H.I.M., X.L., L.I.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas
| | - Xiang Luo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.Y.K., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., N.J., P.A.S., H.I.M., X.L., L.I.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas
| | - Hongliang Li
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, China (X.Z., H.L.)
| | - Luke I Szweda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.Y.K., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., N.J., P.A.S., H.I.M., X.L., L.I.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas
| | - Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago (T.A.R.R., V.M.-C., S.L.)
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Digital Metropolis Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (T.A.R.R., V.M.-C.)
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.Y.K., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., N.J., P.A.S., H.I.M., X.L., L.I.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago (T.A.R.R., V.M.-C., S.L.)
| | - Thomas G Gillette
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.Y.K., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., N.J., P.A.S., H.I.M., X.L., L.I.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.Y.K., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., N.J., P.A.S., H.I.M., X.L., L.I.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas
- Department of Molecular Biology (J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas
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3
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Villalobos E, Criollo A, Schiattarella GG, Altamirano F, French KM, May HI, Jiang N, Nguyen NUN, Romero D, Roa JC, García L, Diaz-Araya G, Morselli E, Ferdous A, Conway SJ, Sadek HA, Gillette TG, Lavandero S, Hill JA. Fibroblast Primary Cilia Are Required for Cardiac Fibrosis. Circulation 2020; 139:2342-2357. [PMID: 30818997 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.028752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary cilium is a singular cellular structure that extends from the surface of many cell types and plays crucial roles in vertebrate development, including that of the heart. Whereas ciliated cells have been described in developing heart, a role for primary cilia in adult heart has not been reported. This, coupled with the fact that mutations in genes coding for multiple ciliary proteins underlie polycystic kidney disease, a disorder with numerous cardiovascular manifestations, prompted us to identify cells in adult heart harboring a primary cilium and to determine whether primary cilia play a role in disease-related remodeling. METHODS Histological analysis of cardiac tissues from C57BL/6 mouse embryos, neonatal mice, and adult mice was performed to evaluate for primary cilia. Three injury models (apical resection, ischemia/reperfusion, and myocardial infarction) were used to identify the location and cell type of ciliated cells with the use of antibodies specific for cilia (acetylated tubulin, γ-tubulin, polycystin [PC] 1, PC2, and KIF3A), fibroblasts (vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin, and fibroblast-specific protein-1), and cardiomyocytes (α-actinin and troponin I). A similar approach was used to assess for primary cilia in infarcted human myocardial tissue. We studied mice silenced exclusively in myofibroblasts for PC1 and evaluated the role of PC1 in fibrogenesis in adult rat fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. RESULTS We identified primary cilia in mouse, rat, and human heart, specifically and exclusively in cardiac fibroblasts. Ciliated fibroblasts are enriched in areas of myocardial injury. Transforming growth factor β-1 signaling and SMAD3 activation were impaired in fibroblasts depleted of the primary cilium. Extracellular matrix protein levels and contractile function were also impaired. In vivo, depletion of PC1 in activated fibroblasts after myocardial infarction impaired the remodeling response. CONCLUSIONS Fibroblasts in the neonatal and adult heart harbor a primary cilium. This organelle and its requisite signaling protein, PC1, are required for critical elements of fibrogenesis, including transforming growth factor β-1-SMAD3 activation, production of extracellular matrix proteins, and cell contractility. Together, these findings point to a pivotal role of this organelle, and PC1, in disease-related pathological cardiac remodeling and suggest that some of the cardiovascular manifestations of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease derive directly from myocardium-autonomous abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Villalobos
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (E.V., A.C., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., H.I.M., N.J., N.U.N.N., A.F., H.A.S., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Chemical Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine (E.V., A.C., L.G., G.D.-A., S.L.), University of Chile, Santiago
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (E.V., A.C., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., H.I.M., N.J., N.U.N.N., A.F., H.A.S., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Chemical Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine (E.V., A.C., L.G., G.D.-A., S.L.), University of Chile, Santiago.,Research Institute for Odontology Sciences, Faculty of Odontology (A.C.), University of Chile, Santiago
| | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (E.V., A.C., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., H.I.M., N.J., N.U.N.N., A.F., H.A.S., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Francisco Altamirano
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (E.V., A.C., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., H.I.M., N.J., N.U.N.N., A.F., H.A.S., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Kristin M French
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (E.V., A.C., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., H.I.M., N.J., N.U.N.N., A.F., H.A.S., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Herman I May
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (E.V., A.C., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., H.I.M., N.J., N.U.N.N., A.F., H.A.S., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Nan Jiang
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (E.V., A.C., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., H.I.M., N.J., N.U.N.N., A.F., H.A.S., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Ngoc Uyen Nhi Nguyen
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (E.V., A.C., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., H.I.M., N.J., N.U.N.N., A.F., H.A.S., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Diego Romero
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine (D.R., J.C.R.), Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine (D.R., J.C.R.), Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago
| | - Lorena García
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Chemical Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine (E.V., A.C., L.G., G.D.-A., S.L.), University of Chile, Santiago
| | - Guillermo Diaz-Araya
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Chemical Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine (E.V., A.C., L.G., G.D.-A., S.L.), University of Chile, Santiago
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences (E.M.), Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago
| | - Anwarul Ferdous
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (E.V., A.C., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., H.I.M., N.J., N.U.N.N., A.F., H.A.S., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Simon J Conway
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.)
| | - Hesham A Sadek
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (E.V., A.C., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., H.I.M., N.J., N.U.N.N., A.F., H.A.S., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Thomas G Gillette
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (E.V., A.C., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., H.I.M., N.J., N.U.N.N., A.F., H.A.S., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (E.V., A.C., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., H.I.M., N.J., N.U.N.N., A.F., H.A.S., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Chemical Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine (E.V., A.C., L.G., G.D.-A., S.L.), University of Chile, Santiago
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (E.V., A.C., G.G.S., F.A., K.M.F., H.I.M., N.J., N.U.N.N., A.F., H.A.S., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Molecular Biology (J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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4
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Altamirano F, Schiattarella GG, French KM, Kim SY, Engelberger F, Kyrychenko S, Villalobos E, Tong D, Schneider JW, Ramirez-Sarmiento CA, Lavandero S, Gillette TG, Hill JA. Abstract 190: Polycystin-1 Assembles With Kv Channels to Govern Cardiomyocyte Repolarization and Contractility. Circ Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/res.125.suppl_1.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding polycystin-1 (PC1) underlie autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). ADPKD patients present with multiple cardiovascular co-morbidities believed to be caused by renal dysfunction. LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction can manifest during childhood or in young adults prior to a formal diagnosis of hypertension, and evidence suggests that LV function is impaired in ADPKD patients with normal or moderately reduced kidney function. These facts suggest that cardiomyocyte-autonomous effects may contribute to the cardiovascular abnormalities seen in ADPKD. Contractile function (systolic and diastolic) measured by echo was significantly reduced in PC1 cKO (
Pkd1
F/F
;αMHC-Cre) mice compared with controls (
Pkd1
F/F
). PC1 cKO cardiomyocytes manifest impaired contractility and smaller and slower Ca
2+
transients. Using a multidimensional approach, we discovered that cardiomyocytes lacking PC1 have shorter action potentials (APD50/90) and decreased SERCA activity. These alterations impair EC-coupling and decrease SR Ca
2+
loading during pacing. Remarkably, square pulses under voltage clamp (-80 to +10 mV) produced Ca
2+
transients with similar amplitude between genotypes, which highlights that alterations in action potential (AP) duration drive most of the EC-coupling changes. PC1-deficient cardiomyocytes manifested an increase in outward K
+
currents (I
to
, I
Kslow1/2
and I
ss
) but not in inward currents (I
K1
). PC1 over-expression in HEK293T cells reduced the currents of heterologously expressed Kv4.3/2.1/1.5 channels. The inhibitory effects of PC1 on Kv4.3 currents were mediated by PC1-CT (C-terminus) through its coiled-coil domain (CCD). Interestingly, a naturally occurring human mutant PC1
R4228X
, located in the CCD, manifested no suppressive effects on Kv4.3 channel. Finally, to begin to test for relevance to human pathology, we found that PC1 ablation reduces AP duration, and PC1-CT over-expression had the opposite effect in human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Our findings uncover a novel role for PC1 controlling action potential duration and SERCA. PC1-deficient cardiomyocytes manifest impaired contractility, likely contributing to contractile dysfunction in ADPKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan Tong
- UT Southwestern Med Cntr, Dallas, TX
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5
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Altamirano F, Schiattarella GG, French KM, Kim SY, Engelberger F, Kyrychenko S, Villalobos E, Tong D, Schneider JW, Ramirez-Sarmiento CA, Lavandero S, Gillette TG, Hill JA. Polycystin-1 Assembles With Kv Channels to Govern Cardiomyocyte Repolarization and Contractility. Circulation 2019; 140:921-936. [PMID: 31220931 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.034731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystin-1 (PC1) is a transmembrane protein originally identified in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease where it regulates the calcium-permeant cation channel polycystin-2. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients develop renal failure, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and diastolic dysfunction, among other cardiovascular disorders. These individuals harbor PC1 loss-of-function mutations in their cardiomyocytes, but the functional consequences are unknown. PC1 is ubiquitously expressed, and its experimental ablation in cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mice reduces contractile function. Here, we set out to determine the pathophysiological role of PC1 in cardiomyocytes. METHODS Wild-type and cardiomyocyte-specific PC1 knockout mice were analyzed by echocardiography. Excitation-contraction coupling was assessed in isolated cardiomyocytes and human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and functional consequences were explored in heterologous expression systems. Protein-protein interactions were analyzed biochemically and by means of ab initio calculations. RESULTS PC1 ablation reduced action potential duration in cardiomyocytes, decreased Ca2+ transients, and myocyte contractility. PC1-deficient cardiomyocytes manifested a reduction in sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores attributable to a reduced action potential duration and sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) activity. An increase in outward K+ currents decreased action potential duration in cardiomyocytes lacking PC1. Overexpression of full-length PC1 in HEK293 cells significantly reduced the current density of heterologously expressed Kv4.3, Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 potassium channels. PC1 C terminus inhibited Kv4.3 currents to the same degree as full-length PC1. Additionally, PC1 coimmunoprecipitated with Kv4.3, and a modeled PC1 C-terminal structure suggested the existence of 2 docking sites for PC1 within the N terminus of Kv4.3, supporting a physical interaction. Finally, a naturally occurring human mutant PC1R4228X manifested no suppressive effects on Kv4.3 channel activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings uncover a role for PC1 in regulating multiple Kv channels, governing membrane repolarization and alterations in SERCA activity that reduce cardiomyocyte contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Altamirano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (F.A., G.G.S., K.M.F., S.Y.K., S.K., E.V., D.T., J.W.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (F.A., G.G.S., K.M.F., S.Y.K., S.K., E.V., D.T., J.W.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (G.G.S.)
| | - Kristin M French
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (F.A., G.G.S., K.M.F., S.Y.K., S.K., E.V., D.T., J.W.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (F.A., G.G.S., K.M.F., S.Y.K., S.K., E.V., D.T., J.W.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Felipe Engelberger
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine, and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (F.E., C.A.R.S.)
| | - Sergii Kyrychenko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (F.A., G.G.S., K.M.F., S.Y.K., S.K., E.V., D.T., J.W.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Elisa Villalobos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (F.A., G.G.S., K.M.F., S.Y.K., S.K., E.V., D.T., J.W.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Dan Tong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (F.A., G.G.S., K.M.F., S.Y.K., S.K., E.V., D.T., J.W.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Jay W Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (F.A., G.G.S., K.M.F., S.Y.K., S.K., E.V., D.T., J.W.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Cesar A Ramirez-Sarmiento
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine, and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (F.E., C.A.R.S.)
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (F.A., G.G.S., K.M.F., S.Y.K., S.K., E.V., D.T., J.W.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (S.L.).,Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Santiago, Chile (S.L.)
| | - Thomas G Gillette
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (F.A., G.G.S., K.M.F., S.Y.K., S.K., E.V., D.T., J.W.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (F.A., G.G.S., K.M.F., S.Y.K., S.K., E.V., D.T., J.W.S., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Department of Molecular Biology (J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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6
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Schiattarella GG, Altamirano F, Tong D, French KM, Villalobos E, Kim SY, Luo X, Jiang N, May HI, Wang ZV, Hill TM, Mammen PPA, Huang J, Lee DI, Hahn VS, Sharma K, Kass DA, Lavandero S, Gillette TG, Hill JA. Nitrosative stress drives heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Nature 2019; 568:351-356. [PMID: 30971818 PMCID: PMC6635957 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common syndrome with high morbidity and mortality for which there are no evidence-based therapies. Here we report that concomitant metabolic and hypertensive stress in mice-elicited by a combination of high-fat diet and inhibition of constitutive nitric oxide synthase using Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-recapitulates the numerous systemic and cardiovascular features of HFpEF in humans. Expression of one of the unfolded protein response effectors, the spliced form of X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1s), was reduced in the myocardium of our rodent model and in humans with HFpEF. Mechanistically, the decrease in XBP1s resulted from increased activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and S-nitrosylation of the endonuclease inositol-requiring protein 1α (IRE1α), culminating in defective XBP1 splicing. Pharmacological or genetic suppression of iNOS, or cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of XBP1s, each ameliorated the HFpEF phenotype. We report that iNOS-driven dysregulation of the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway is a crucial mechanism of cardiomyocyte dysfunction in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francisco Altamirano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dan Tong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kristin M French
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elisa Villalobos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiang Luo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Herman I May
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhao V Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Theodore M Hill
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Pradeep P A Mammen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jian Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dong I Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Virginia S Hahn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas G Gillette
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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7
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Agarwal U, Smith AW, French KM, Boopathy AV, George A, Trac D, Brown ME, Shen M, Jiang R, Fernandez JD, Kogon BE, Kanter KR, Alsoufi B, Wagner MB, Platt MO, Davis ME. Age-Dependent Effect of Pediatric Cardiac Progenitor Cells After Juvenile Heart Failure. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:883-92. [PMID: 27151913 PMCID: PMC4922847 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of age of human pediatric cardiac progenitor cells (hCPCs) on ventricular remodeling, the authors injected neonate, infant, or child hCPCs into rats with right ventricular heart failure. Mechanisms including migration and proliferation assays, as suggested by computational modeling, showed improved chemotactic and proliferative capacity of neonatal hCPCs compared with infant or child hCPCs. Thus, the reparative potential of hCPCs is age-dependent. Children with congenital heart diseases have increased morbidity and mortality, despite various surgical treatments, therefore warranting better treatment strategies. Here we investigate the role of age of human pediatric cardiac progenitor cells (hCPCs) on ventricular remodeling in a model of juvenile heart failure. hCPCs isolated from children undergoing reconstructive surgeries were divided into 3 groups based on age: neonate (1 day to 1 month), infant (1 month to 1 year), and child (1 to 5 years). Adolescent athymic rats were subjected to sham or pulmonary artery banding surgery to generate a model of right ventricular (RV) heart failure. Two weeks after surgery, hCPCs were injected in RV musculature noninvasively. Analysis of cardiac function 4 weeks post-transplantation demonstrated significantly increased tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and RV ejection fraction and significantly decreased wall thickness and fibrosis in rats transplanted with neonatal hCPCs compared with saline-injected rats. Computational modeling and systems biology analysis were performed on arrays and gave insights into potential mechanisms at the microRNA and gene level. Mechanisms including migration and proliferation assays, as suggested by computational modeling, showed improved chemotactic and proliferative capacity of neonatal hCPCs compared with infant/child hCPCs. In vivo immunostaining further suggested increased recruitment of stem cell antigen 1-positive cells in the right ventricle. This is the first study to assess the role of hCPC age in juvenile RV heart failure. Interestingly, the reparative potential of hCPCs is age-dependent, with neonatal hCPCs exerting the maximum beneficial effect compared with infant and child hCPCs. Significance Stem cell therapy for children with congenital heart defects is moving forward, with several completed and ongoing clinical trials. Although there are studies showing how children differ from adults, few focus on the differences among children. This study using human cardiac progenitor cells shows age-related changes in the reparative ability of cells in a model of pediatric heart failure and uses computational and systems biology to elucidate potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udit Agarwal
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amanda W Smith
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kristin M French
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Archana V Boopathy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alex George
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David Trac
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Milton E Brown
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ming Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Janet D Fernandez
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brian E Kogon
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kirk R Kanter
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Mary B Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Manu O Platt
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael E Davis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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8
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Gray WD, French KM, Ghosh-Choudhary S, Maxwell JT, Brown ME, Platt MO, Searles CD, Davis ME. Identification of therapeutic covariant microRNA clusters in hypoxia-treated cardiac progenitor cell exosomes using systems biology. Circ Res 2014; 116:255-63. [PMID: 25344555 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.304360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death in developed nations, and there remains a need for cardiac therapeutic systems that mitigate tissue damage. Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and other stem cell types are attractive candidates for treatment of myocardial infarction; however, the benefit of these cells may be as a result of paracrine effects. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that CPCs secrete proregenerative exosomes in response to hypoxic conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS The angiogenic and antifibrotic potential of secreted exosomes on cardiac endothelial cells and cardiac fibroblasts were assessed. We found that CPC exosomes secreted in response to hypoxia enhanced tube formation of endothelial cells and decreased profibrotic gene expression in TGF-β-stimulated fibroblasts, indicating that these exosomes possess therapeutic potential. Microarray analysis of exosomes secreted by hypoxic CPCs identified 11 miRNAs that were upregulated compared with exosomes secreted by CPCs grown under normoxic conditions. Principle component analysis was performed to identify miRNAs that were coregulated in response to distinct exosome-generating conditions. To investigate the cue-signal-response relationships of these miRNA clusters with a physiological outcome of tube formation or fibrotic gene expression, partial least squares regression analysis was applied. The importance of each up- or downregulated miRNA on physiological outcomes was determined. Finally, to validate the model, we delivered exosomes after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exosomes from hypoxic CPCs improved cardiac function and reduced fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS These data provide a foundation for subsequent research of the use of exosomal miRNA and systems biology as therapeutic strategies for the damaged heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren D Gray
- From the The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., K.M.F., S.G.-C., J.T.M., M.E.B., M.O.P., M.E.D.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., C.D.S., M.E.D.); Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA (C.D.S.); and Emory+Children's Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.E.D.)
| | - Kristin M French
- From the The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., K.M.F., S.G.-C., J.T.M., M.E.B., M.O.P., M.E.D.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., C.D.S., M.E.D.); Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA (C.D.S.); and Emory+Children's Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.E.D.)
| | - Shohini Ghosh-Choudhary
- From the The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., K.M.F., S.G.-C., J.T.M., M.E.B., M.O.P., M.E.D.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., C.D.S., M.E.D.); Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA (C.D.S.); and Emory+Children's Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.E.D.)
| | - Joshua T Maxwell
- From the The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., K.M.F., S.G.-C., J.T.M., M.E.B., M.O.P., M.E.D.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., C.D.S., M.E.D.); Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA (C.D.S.); and Emory+Children's Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.E.D.)
| | - Milton E Brown
- From the The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., K.M.F., S.G.-C., J.T.M., M.E.B., M.O.P., M.E.D.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., C.D.S., M.E.D.); Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA (C.D.S.); and Emory+Children's Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.E.D.)
| | - Manu O Platt
- From the The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., K.M.F., S.G.-C., J.T.M., M.E.B., M.O.P., M.E.D.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., C.D.S., M.E.D.); Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA (C.D.S.); and Emory+Children's Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.E.D.)
| | - Charles D Searles
- From the The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., K.M.F., S.G.-C., J.T.M., M.E.B., M.O.P., M.E.D.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., C.D.S., M.E.D.); Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA (C.D.S.); and Emory+Children's Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.E.D.)
| | - Michael E Davis
- From the The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., K.M.F., S.G.-C., J.T.M., M.E.B., M.O.P., M.E.D.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., C.D.S., M.E.D.); Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA (C.D.S.); and Emory+Children's Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.E.D.).
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9
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Bhutani S, French KM, Garcia AJ, Davis ME. Abstract 240: Vascular Differentiation of C-kit+ Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Bioactive PEG Hydrogels. Circ Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1161/res.115.suppl_1.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. The ideal therapy would include regeneration of functional myocardial cells as well as vascularization of the regenerated cardiac tissue. In this context, c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) isolated from the heart are an exciting stem cell population as they have been shown to have potential to differentiate into cells of myocardial as well as vascular (endothelial, vascular smooth muscle) lineages. Being an autologous adult stem cell source, they provide advantages of alleviation of immune-rejection and disease transmission risks and are free from ethical concerns. Driving the vascular differentiation of CPCs can enable them to be used for angiogenic cell therapy. The objective of this project is to direct CPCs to the endothelial lineage via stimulation with VEGF immobilized in a PEG-maleimide (PEG-MAL) hydrogel scaffold for better retention of grafted cells. This hydrogel has protease-cleavable sites which should enable the hydrogel to be degraded while allowing for tube formation. CPCs are encapsulated in PEG-MAL hydrogel constructs presenting 100 ng VEGF/mL hydrogel. CPCs encapsulated in these PEG-MAL hydrogels maintain high viability for up to 14 days. In hydrogels presenting immobilized VEGF, successful biochemical stimulation of the encapsulated CPCs is evidenced by downstream ERK phosphorylation, likely through VEGFR2. These immobilized-VEGF treated CPCs also demonstrate greater RNA expression of endothelial markers 7 days post-encapsulation. CPCs in VEGF presenting gels show a trend toward increasing formation of vascular structures in comparison to cells encapsulated in empty hydrogels. Together, this preliminary evidence suggests that c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells can be driven toward the endothelial lineage when stimulated with immobilized VEGF, and may adapt a vascular phenotype. This system has the potential to be used for therapeutic angiogenesis as the PEG hydrogel scaffold should enable controlled delivery of the CPCs in vivo and is injectable and biodegradable.
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Abstract
Cell therapy techniques are a promising option for tissue regeneration; especially in cases such as heart failure where transplantation is limited by donor availability. Multiple cell types have been examined for myocardial regeneration, including mesenchymal stem cells (and other bone marrow-derived cells), induced pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, cardiosphere-derived cells, and cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). CPCs are multipotent and clonogenic, can be harvested from mature tissue, and have the distinct advantages of autologous transplant and lack of tumor formation in a clinical setting. Here we focus on the isolation, expansion, and myocardial differentiation of rat CPCs. Brief adaptations of the protocol for isolation from mouse and human tissue are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M French
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, Suite W200, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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11
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French KM, Fierro MJ, Johnson TD, Christman KL, Davis ME. Abstract 139: Using Cyclic Strain to Improve Cardiac Progenitor Cell Cooperation. Circ Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/res.113.suppl_1.a139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Cell therapies have grown in popularity for myocardial regeneration post-infarction, but still suffer from poor retention, maturation and integration of delivered cells. Mechanical strain has been shown to alter cell size, shape, adherence and gene expression in cardiac cells. As a more recently identified cell type, the effect of mechanical strain on cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) is unknown. This work aims to elucidate the role mechanical strain plays in CPC phenotype and if this response is matrix protein specific. We hypothesize that mechanical strain will improve CPC alignment and potential for connectivity.
Methods:
To examine the role of mechanical strain on CPCs, CPCs were seeded on FlexCell plates in the presence of a naturally-derived cardiac extracellularmatrix (cECM), collagen I (COL) or no protein (TCP) and strained 0% (static) or 10% at 1 Hz for 24 hours in a BioFlex system. CPC elongation, alignment, and size were evaluated by rhodamine-phalloidin staining. Connexin-43 expression was measured by Western and normalized to GAPDH. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test.
Results:
CPC area, independent of culture conditions, was 1020 ± 40 um2, corresponding to neonatal cardiomyocyte area. The aspect ratio (major/minor axis) of CPCs showed a trend for increased elongation with strain at (e.x. 2.0±0.2 for unstrained cECM compared to 2.7±0.1 for strained cECM; n=4, p>0.05). Static culture conditions, independent of matrix coating, showed 20±3% alignment of CPCs. Under strain, alignment increased to 30±2% on COL (n=4; p>0.05 for strained COL verus static COL) and 48±8% on cECM (n=4; p< 0.01 for strained cECM versus strained COL and p<0.001 for strained cECM verus static cECM). A fold change >2 for connexin-43 protein in strained versus static conditions, independent of matrix, was observed (n=2, p>0.05) and confirmed by immunocytochemistry.
Conclusion:
This work suggests that mechanical strain alters CPC phenotype. Increased strain-induced alignment appears to be matrix dependent. In conclusion, these studies provide insight into the role of both mechanical forces and biochemical responses in the function of CPCs; which could lead to improved outcomes following cellular transplantation.
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French KM, Boopathy AV, DeQuach JA, Chingozha L, Lu H, Christman KL, Davis ME. A naturally derived cardiac extracellular matrix enhances cardiac progenitor cell behavior in vitro. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:4357-64. [PMID: 22842035 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) produces a collagen scar, altering the local microenvironment and impeding cardiac function. Cell therapy is a promising therapeutic option to replace the billions of myocytes lost following MI. Despite early successes, chronic function remains impaired and is likely a result of poor cellular retention, proliferation, and differentiation/maturation. While some efforts to deliver cells with scaffolds have attempted to address these shortcomings, they lack the natural cues required for optimal cell function. The goal of this study was to determine whether a naturally derived cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM) could enhance cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) function in vitro. CPCs were isolated via magnetic sorting of c-kit(+) cells and were grown on plates coated with either cECM or collagen I (Col). Our results show an increase in early cardiomyocyte markers on cECM compared with Col, as well as corresponding protein expression at a later time. CPCs show stronger serum-induced proliferation on cECM compared with Col, as well as increased resistance to apoptosis following serum starvation. Finally, a microfluidic adhesion assay demonstrated stronger adhesion of CPCs to cECM compared with Col. These data suggest that cECM may be optimal for CPC therapeutic delivery, as well as providing potential mechanisms to overcome the shortcomings of naked cell therapy.
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13
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French KM, Boopathy AV, DeQuach JA, Chingozha L, Christman KL, Lu H, Davis ME. Abstract 344: Naturally Derived Cardiac Extracellular Matrix for Cardiac Progenitor Cell Therapy. Circ Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/res.111.suppl_1.a344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Following acute myocardial infarction, there is dramatic myocyte loss, and the cells are replaced with a collagen scar. Cell therapy directed toward regenerating infarcted myocardium suffers from poor retention of cells, possibly because the conditions are not ideal to support injected cells. Many studies show the local microenvironment is a potent regulator of cell fate. Therefore, we hypothesize that culturing cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) on a naturally derived, cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM) will increase their function. CPCs were isolated from rat cardiac tissue-homogenate with magnetic beads conjugated with c-kit antibodies. Porcine, cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM) was decellularized, digested, and lyophillized to be used as a coating material. CPCs were cultured on cECM and examined for cardiogenic lineage markers, survival, proliferation and adherence. Our results show that CPCs cultured on cECM proliferate better (2.9-fold) as compared to COL (2.3-fold; p<0.05). Additionally, CPCs demonstrate improved resistance to serum-starvation-induced apoptosis when cultured on cECM (40% ± 14%) as compared to COL (53% ± 14%; p<0.001). Furthermore, CPCs adhered more strongly to cECM than COL as measured using microfluidics. CPCs showed enhanced progression toward the cardiomyoctye lineage when cultured on cECM (nkx2.5: 2.3 ± 0.4-fold; α-myosin heavy chain: 14.6 ± 4.4-fold; troponinC: 2.4 ± 0.2-fold; p-values <0.05) as compared to COL. This was confirmed at the protein level with Gata-4 (1.8 ± 0.1-fold; p<0.001) and Nkx2.5 (1.6 ± 0.2-fold; p<0.05). A reduction in fibroblast specific protein-1 (0.5 ± 0.1-fold) was also seen on cECM as compared to COL and suggests the CPCs are less likely to contribute to scar formation. While these conditioned cells have not yet been examined in an in vivo setting, our comparison to COL mimics both the naked injection of these cells into an infarct zone, and comparison to a commonly used cell delivery vehicle. Our data suggest that CPCs delivered with cECM are more likely to survive and differentiate in the infarct zone than cells delivered by themselves or in collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hang Lu
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
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French KM, DeQuach JA, Christman KL, Davis ME. Enhanced Proliferation and Cardiogenic Differentiation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells Treated with a Naturally Derived Cardiac Extracellular Matrix. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1060.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M French
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory UniversityAtlantaGA
| | | | | | - Michael E Davis
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory UniversityAtlantaGA
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Lehtinen M, French KM, Dillner J, Paavonen J, Garnett G. Sound implementation of human papillomavirus vaccination as a community-randomized trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2217/14750708.5.3.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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French KM, Barnabas RV, Lehtinen M, Kontula O, Pukkala E, Dillner J, Garnett GP. Strategies for the introduction of human papillomavirus vaccination: modelling the optimum age- and sex-specific pattern of vaccination in Finland. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:514-8. [PMID: 17245341 PMCID: PMC2360033 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase III trials have demonstrated the efficacy of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines in preventing transient and persistent high-risk (hr) HPV infection and precancerous lesions. A mathematical model of HPV type 16 infection and progression to cervical cancer, parameterised to represent the infection in Finland, was used to explore the optimal age at vaccination and pattern of vaccine introduction. In the long term, the annual proportion of cervical cancer cases prevented is much higher when early adolescents are targeted. Vaccinating against hr HPV generates greater long-term benefits if vaccine is delivered before the age at first sexual intercourse. However, vaccinating 12 year olds delays the predicted decrease in cervical cancer, compared to vaccinating older adolescents or young adults. Vaccinating males as well as females has more impact on the proportion of cases prevented when vaccinating at younger ages. Implementing catch-up vaccination at the start of a vaccination programme would increase the speed with which a decrease in HPV and cervical cancer incidence is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M French
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK.
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