1
|
Courraud J, Chater-Diehl E, Durand B, Vincent M, Del Mar Muniz Moreno M, Boujelbene I, Drouot N, Genschik L, Schaefer E, Nizon M, Gerard B, Abramowicz M, Cogné B, Bronicki L, Burglen L, Barth M, Charles P, Colin E, Coubes C, David A, Delobel B, Demurger F, Passemard S, Denommé AS, Faivre L, Feger C, Fradin M, Francannet C, Genevieve D, Goldenberg A, Guerrot AM, Isidor B, Johannesen KM, Keren B, Kibæk M, Kuentz P, Mathieu-Dramard M, Demeer B, Metreau J, Steensbjerre Møller R, Moutton S, Pasquier L, Pilekær Sørensen K, Perrin L, Renaud M, Saugier P, Rio M, Svane J, Thevenon J, Tran Mau Them F, Tronhjem CE, Vitobello A, Layet V, Auvin S, Khachnaoui K, Birling MC, Drunat S, Bayat A, Dubourg C, El Chehadeh S, Fagerberg C, Mignot C, Guipponi M, Bienvenu T, Herault Y, Thompson J, Willems M, Mandel JL, Weksberg R, Piton A. Integrative approach to interpret DYRK1A variants, leading to a frequent neurodevelopmental disorder. Genet Med 2021; 23:2150-2159. [PMID: 34345024 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE DYRK1A syndrome is among the most frequent monogenic forms of intellectual disability (ID). We refined the molecular and clinical description of this disorder and developed tools to improve interpretation of missense variants, which remains a major challenge in human genetics. METHODS We reported clinical and molecular data for 50 individuals with ID harboring DYRK1A variants and developed (1) a specific DYRK1A clinical score; (2) amino acid conservation data generated from 100 DYRK1A sequences across different taxa; (3) in vitro overexpression assays to study level, cellular localization, and kinase activity of DYRK1A mutant proteins; and (4) a specific blood DNA methylation signature. RESULTS This integrative approach was successful to reclassify several variants as pathogenic. However, we questioned the involvement of some others, such as p.Thr588Asn, still reported as likely pathogenic, and showed it does not cause an obvious phenotype in mice. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the need for caution when interpreting variants in DYRK1A, even those occurring de novo. The tools developed will be useful to interpret accurately the variants identified in the future in this gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Courraud
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Eric Chater-Diehl
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin Durand
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Marie Vincent
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Nantes & Inserm, CNRS, Université de Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Maria Del Mar Muniz Moreno
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Imene Boujelbene
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire, IGMA, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Drouot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Loréline Genschik
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Elise Schaefer
- Service de Génétique Médicale, IGMA, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Nantes & Inserm, CNRS, Université de Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Bénédicte Gerard
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire, IGMA, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marc Abramowicz
- Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Cogné
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Nantes & Inserm, CNRS, Université de Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | | | - Lydie Burglen
- Centre de référence des malformations et maladies congénitales du cervelet et Département de génétique et embryologie médicale, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Magalie Barth
- Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Genetics, Department, Angers Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Perrine Charles
- Genetic Department, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Colin
- Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Genetics, Department, Angers Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Christine Coubes
- Département de Génétique Médicale maladies rares et médecine personnalisée, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Albert David
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Nantes & Inserm, CNRS, Université de Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Bruno Delobel
- Centre de Génétique Chromosomique, GHICL, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille, France
| | | | - Sandrine Passemard
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Denommé
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement et Syndromes malformatifs, Hôpital d'Enfants and INSERM UMR1231 GAD, FHU TRANSLAD, CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle d'Innovation en Diagnostique Génomique des Maladies Rares, Pôle de Biologie, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement et Syndromes malformatifs, Hôpital d'Enfants and INSERM UMR1231 GAD, FHU TRANSLAD, CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Claire Feger
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire, IGMA, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mélanie Fradin
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares, Unité Fonctionnelle de Génétique Médicale, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Christine Francannet
- Service de Génétique médicale, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Genevieve
- Département de Génétique Médicale maladies rares et médecine personnalisée, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alice Goldenberg
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Marie Guerrot
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Nantes & Inserm, CNRS, Université de Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Katrine M Johannesen
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment, The Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
- Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Boris Keren
- Genetic Department, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Maria Kibæk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense Denmark Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Paul Kuentz
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement et Syndromes malformatifs, Hôpital d'Enfants and INSERM UMR1231 GAD, FHU TRANSLAD, CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Michèle Mathieu-Dramard
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de référence maladies rares, CHU d'Amiens-site Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Bénédicte Demeer
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de référence maladies rares, CHU d'Amiens-site Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Julia Metreau
- APHP, Service de neurologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Universitaire Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Rikke Steensbjerre Møller
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment, The Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
- Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sébastien Moutton
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement et Syndromes malformatifs, Hôpital d'Enfants and INSERM UMR1231 GAD, FHU TRANSLAD, CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Pasquier
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares, Unité Fonctionnelle de Génétique Médicale, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Kristina Pilekær Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense Denmark Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Laurence Perrin
- Department of Genetics, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Renaud
- Service de Génétique Clinique et de Neurologie, Hôpital Brabois Enfants, Nancy, France
| | - Pascale Saugier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Marlène Rio
- Department of medical genetics and reference centre for rare intellectual disabilities, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Joane Svane
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense Denmark Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Tran Mau Them
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement et Syndromes malformatifs, Hôpital d'Enfants and INSERM UMR1231 GAD, FHU TRANSLAD, CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle d'Innovation en Diagnostique Génomique des Maladies Rares, Pôle de Biologie, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | - Antonio Vitobello
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement et Syndromes malformatifs, Hôpital d'Enfants and INSERM UMR1231 GAD, FHU TRANSLAD, CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Valérie Layet
- Consultations de génétique, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Le Havre, France
| | - Stéphane Auvin
- Center for rare epilepsies & epilepsy unit Robert-Debré Hospital, APHP, & INSERM NeuroDiderot, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Khaoula Khachnaoui
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm U1081, CNRS UMR7284, IRCAN, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | | | - Séverine Drunat
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Allan Bayat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense Denmark Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christèle Dubourg
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Pontchaillou, UMR 6290 CNRS, IGDR, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Salima El Chehadeh
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire, IGMA, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christina Fagerberg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense Denmark Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Genetics, Department, Angers Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Michel Guipponi
- Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Bienvenu
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Cochin Hospital, APHP.Centre-Université de Paris, and INSERM UMR 1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Julie Thompson
- Complex Systems and Translational Bioinformatics (CSTB), ICube laboratory-CNRS, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marjolaine Willems
- Département de Génétique Médicale maladies rares et médecine personnalisée, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mandel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amélie Piton
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire, IGMA, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martin-Brevet S, Rodríguez-Herreros B, Nielsen JA, Moreau C, Modenato C, Maillard AM, Pain A, Richetin S, Jønch AE, Qureshi AY, Zürcher NR, Conus P, Chung WK, Sherr EH, Spiro JE, Kherif F, Beckmann JS, Hadjikhani N, Reymond A, Buckner RL, Draganski B, Jacquemont S, Arveiler B, Baujat G, Sloan-Béna F, Belfiore M, Bonneau D, Bouquillon S, Boute O, Brusco A, Busa T, Caberg JH, Campion D, Colombert V, Cordier MP, David A, Debray FG, Delrue MA, Doco-Fenzy M, Dunkhase-Heinl U, Edery P, Fagerberg C, Faivre L, Forzano F, Genevieve D, Gérard M, Giachino D, Guichet A, Guillin O, Héron D, Isidor B, Jacquette A, Jaillard S, Journel H, Keren B, Lacombe D, Lebon S, Le Caignec C, Lemaître MP, Lespinasse J, Mathieu-Dramart M, Mercier S, Mignot C, Missirian C, Petit F, Pilekær Sørensen K, Pinson L, Plessis G, Prieur F, Rooryck-Thambo C, Rossi M, Sanlaville D, Schlott Kristiansen B, Schluth-Bolard C, Till M, Van Haelst M, Van Maldergem L, Alupay H, Aaronson B, Ackerman S, Ankenman K, Anwar A, Atwell C, Bowe A, Beaudet AL, Benedetti M, Berg J, Berman J, Berry LN, Bibb AL, Blaskey L, Brennan J, Brewton CM, Buckner R, Bukshpun P, Burko J, Cali P, Cerban B, Chang Y, Cheong M, Chow V, Chu Z, Chudnovskaya D, Cornew L, Dale C, Dell J, Dempsey AG, Deschamps T, Earl R, Edgar J, Elgin J, Olson JE, Evans YL, Findlay A, Fischbach GD, Fisk C, Fregeau B, Gaetz B, Gaetz L, Garza S, Gerdts J, Glenn O, Gobuty SE, Golembski R, Greenup M, Heiken K, Hines K, Hinkley L, Jackson FI, Jenkins J, Jeremy RJ, Johnson K, Kanne SM, Kessler S, Khan SY, Ku M, Kuschner E, Laakman AL, Lam P, Lasala MW, Lee H, LaGuerre K, Levy S, Cavanagh AL, Llorens AV, Campe KL, Luks TL, Marco EJ, Martin S, Martin AJ, Marzano G, Masson C, McGovern KE, McNally Keehn R, Miller DT, Miller FK, Moss TJ, Murray R, Nagarajan SS, Nowell KP, Owen J, Paal AM, Packer A, Page PZ, Paul BM, Peters A, Peterson D, Poduri A, Pojman NJ, Porche K, Proud MB, Qasmieh S, Ramocki MB, Reilly B, Roberts TP, Shaw D, Sinha T, Smith-Packard B, Gallagher AS, Swarnakar V, Thieu T, Triantafallou C, Vaughan R, Wakahiro M, Wallace A, Ward T, Wenegrat J, Wolken A. Quantifying the Effects of 16p11.2 Copy Number Variants on Brain Structure: A Multisite Genetic-First Study. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:253-264. [PMID: 29778275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 16p11.2 breakpoint 4 to 5 copy number variants (CNVs) increase the risk for developing autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and language and cognitive impairment. In this multisite study, we aimed to quantify the effect of 16p11.2 CNVs on brain structure. METHODS Using voxel- and surface-based brain morphometric methods, we analyzed structural magnetic resonance imaging collected at seven sites from 78 individuals with a deletion, 71 individuals with a duplication, and 212 individuals without a CNV. RESULTS Beyond the 16p11.2-related mirror effect on global brain morphometry, we observe regional mirror differences in the insula (deletion > control > duplication). Other regions are preferentially affected by either the deletion or the duplication: the calcarine cortex and transverse temporal gyrus (deletion > control; Cohen's d > 1), the superior and middle temporal gyri (deletion < control; Cohen's d < -1), and the caudate and hippocampus (control > duplication; -0.5 > Cohen's d > -1). Measures of cognition, language, and social responsiveness and the presence of psychiatric diagnoses do not influence these results. CONCLUSIONS The global and regional effects on brain morphometry due to 16p11.2 CNVs generalize across site, computational method, age, and sex. Effect sizes on neuroimaging and cognitive traits are comparable. Findings partially overlap with results of meta-analyses performed across psychiatric disorders. However, the lack of correlation between morphometric and clinical measures suggests that CNV-associated brain changes contribute to clinical manifestations but require additional factors for the development of the disorder. These findings highlight the power of genetic risk factors as a complement to studying groups defined by behavioral criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martin-Brevet
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie, Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Borja Rodríguez-Herreros
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jared A Nielsen
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clara Moreau
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claudia Modenato
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie, Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne M Maillard
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre Cantonal Autisme, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Pain
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre Cantonal Autisme, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Richetin
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aia E Jønch
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abid Y Qureshi
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Nicole R Zürcher
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philippe Conus
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Wendy K Chung
- Simons Foundation, New York, New York; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Ferath Kherif
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie, Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques S Beckmann
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nouchine Hadjikhani
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie, Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|