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Wang CY, Hwang KP, Kuo HK, Peng WJ, Shen YH, Kuo BS, Huang JH, Liu H, Ho YH, Lin F, Ding S, Liu Z, Wu HT, Huang CT, Lee YJ, Liu MC, Yang YC, Lu PL, Tsai HC, Lee CH, Shi ZY, Liu CE, Liao CH, Chang FY, Cheng HC, Wang FD, Hou KL, Cheng J, Wang MS, Yang YT, Chiu HC, Jiang MH, Shih HY, Shen HY, Chang PY, Lan YR, Chen CT, Lin YL, Liang JJ, Liao CC, Chou YC, Morris MK, Hanson CV, Guirakhoo F, Hellerstein M, Yu HJ, King CC, Kemp T, Heppner DG, Monath TP. A multitope SARS-COV-2 vaccine provides long-lasting B cell and T cell immunity against Delta and Omicron variants. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:157707. [PMID: 35316221 PMCID: PMC9106357 DOI: 10.1172/jci157707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 are currently responsible for breakthrough infections due to waning immunity. We report phase I/II trial results of UB-612, a multitope subunit vaccine containing S1-RBD-sFc protein and rationally designed promiscuous peptides representing sarbecovirus conserved helper T cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes on the nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and spike (S2) proteins. Method We conducted a phase I primary 2-dose (28 days apart) trial of 10, 30, or 100 μg UB-612 in 60 healthy young adults 20 to 55 years old, and 50 of them were boosted with 100 μg of UB-612 approximately 7 to 9 months after the second dose. A separate placebo-controlled and randomized phase II study was conducted with 2 doses of 100 μg of UB-612 (n = 3,875, 18–85 years old). We evaluated interim safety and immunogenicity of phase I until 14 days after the third (booster) dose and of phase II until 28 days after the second dose. Results No vaccine-related serious adverse events were recorded. The most common solicited adverse events were injection site pain and fatigue, mostly mild and transient. In both trials, UB-612 elicited respective neutralizing antibody titers similar to a panel of human convalescent sera. The most striking findings were long-lasting virus-neutralizing antibodies and broad T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs), including Delta and Omicron, and a strong booster-recalled memory immunity with high cross-reactive neutralizing titers against the Delta and Omicron VoCs. Conclusion UB-612 has presented a favorable safety profile, potent booster effect against VoCs, and long-lasting B and broad T cell immunity that warrants further development for both primary immunization and heterologous boosting of other COVID-19 vaccines. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04545749, NCT04773067, and NCT04967742. Funding UBI Asia, Vaxxinity Inc., and Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kao-Pin Hwang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Kai Kuo
- Designed Vaccine Translation Medical Center, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jiun Peng
- Administrative Management Center, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yea-Huei Shen
- Medical and Clinical Operation, StatPlus, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Be-Sheng Kuo
- Preclinical and ImmunoPharmacology Center, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Yu-Hsin Ho
- Regulatory Affairs, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Feng Lin
- R&D Center, United Bioimedical, Inc., Hauppauge, United States of America
| | - Shuang Ding
- R&D Center, United Biomedical, Inc., Hauppauge, United States of America
| | - Zhi Liu
- R&D Center, United Biomedical, Inc., Hauppauge, United States of America
| | | | - Ching-Tai Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yuarn-Jang Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Liu
- R&D, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Yang
- Ministry of Health and Welfare, National Cheng Kung University and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chin Tsai
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaoshiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsiang Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Yuan Shi
- Department of Medical Affairs, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Eng Liu
- Department of Medical Affairs, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsing Liao
- Department of Medical Affairs, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yee Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Cheng Cheng
- Department of Medical Affairs, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Der Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Liang Hou
- Department of Preclinical Research, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jennifer Cheng
- Department of Preclinical Research, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Min-Sheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Research, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Department of Preclinical Research, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chen Chiu
- Department of Medical Affairs, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Jiang
- Department of Preclinical Research, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yu Shih
- Department of Preclinical Research, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Shen
- Department of Clinical Research, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Chang
- Department of Clinical Research, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Rou Lan
- Department of Preclinical Research, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tian Chen
- Biostatistics and Data Management, StatPlus, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (bioTReC) Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Department of Medical Affairs, Biomedical Translation Research Center (bioTReC) Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Department of Statistics, Biomedical Translation Research Center (bioTReC) Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mary Kate Morris
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, United States of America
| | - Carl V Hanson
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, United States of America
| | - Farshad Guirakhoo
- Department of Clinical Research, Vaxxinity Inc., Dallas, United States of America
| | - Michael Hellerstein
- Department of Preclinical Research, Vaxxinity Inc., Dallas, United States of America
| | - Hui Jing Yu
- Department of Clinical Research, Vaxxinity Inc., Dallas, United States of America
| | - Chwan-Chuen King
- Department of Medical, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tracy Kemp
- Department of Clinical Research, Vaxxinity, Inc., Dallas, United States of America
| | - D Gray Heppner
- Department of Clinical Research, Vaxxinity, Inc., Dallas, United States of America
| | - Thomas P Monath
- Department of Clinical Research, Vaxxinity, Inc., Dallas, United States of America
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Hou KL, Lin SK, Chao LH, Hsiang-Hua Lai E, Chang CC, Shun CT, Lu WY, Wang JH, Hsiao M, Hong CY, Kok SH. Sirtuin 6 suppresses hypoxia-induced inflammatory response in human osteoblasts via inhibition of reactive oxygen species production and glycolysis-A therapeutic implication in inflammatory bone resorption. Biofactors 2017; 43:170-180. [PMID: 27534902 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Elevated glycolytic activity and redox imbalance induced by tissue hypoxia are common phenomena of chronic inflammation, including inflammatory bone diseases such as arthritis. However, relation between glycolysis and redox signaling in the inflammatory milieu is unclear. The histone deacetylase sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a crucial modulator of inflammation and glucose metabolism, and it is also involved in cellular protection against oxidative injury. The aims of the study were to examine the connection between glycolysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human osteoblastic cells (HOB) and whether SIRT6 modulates inflammatory response via regulation of glycolytic activity and ROS generation. In HOB cultured under hypoxia, expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), lactate production and ROS generation were examined. The reciprocal effects between lactate and ROS production and their impact on inflammatory cytokine induction were assessed. The action of SIRT6 on the above reactions was determined. In a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), the relation between inflammatory activity and osteoblastic expression of LDHA, level of oxidative lesions, Cyr61 synthesis and macrophage recruitment were examined in joints with or without lentiviral-SIRT6 gene therapy. Results showed that hypoxia stress enhanced lactate and LDHA production in HOB. ROS generation was also increased, and there was a positive feedback between glycolysis and ROS formation. Overexpression of SIRT6 attenuated hypoxia-enhanced glycolysis and ROS generation. Hypoxia-induced expressions of Cyr61, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were suppressed by SIRT6 and the inhibitory effects overlapped with antiglycolytic and antioxidation mechanisms. In the model of CIA, forced expression of SIRT6 ameliorated disease progression, osteoblastic synthesis of Cyr61, and macrophage recruitment. More importantly, expression of LDHA and oxidative lesions were decreased in osteoblasts of SIRT6-treated joints. Our findings suggest that SIRT6 suppresses inflammatory response in osteoblasts via modulation of glucose metabolism and redox homeostasis. SIRT6-based strategy may possess therapeutic potential for inflammatory bone resorption. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(2):170-180, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Liang Hou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sze-Kwan Lin
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hsiu Chao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eddie Hsiang-Hua Lai
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Hong
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sang-Heng Kok
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hou KL, Lin SK, Kok SH, Wang HW, Lai EHH, Hong CY, Yang H, Wang JS, Lin LD, Chang JZC. Increased Expression of Glutaminase in Osteoblasts Promotes Macrophage Recruitment in Periapical Lesions. J Endod 2017; 43:602-608. [PMID: 28190586 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, we have shown that tissue hypoxia stimulates the progression of periapical lesions by up-regulating glycolysis-dependent apoptosis of osteoblasts. Other facets of hypoxia-induced metabolic reprogramming in disease pathogenesis require further investigation. In this study, we examined the connection between hypoxia-augmented glutamine catabolism in osteoblasts and the development of periapical lesions. METHODS Primary human osteoblasts were cultured under hypoxia. The expression of glutaminase 1 (GLS1) was examined using Western blot analysis. The production of glutamate was measured by colorimetric assay. Knockdown of GLS1 was performed with small interfering RNA technology. C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) secretion and chemotaxis of J774 macrophages were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and transwell migration assay, respectively. In a rat model of induced periapical lesions, the relations between disease progression and osteoblastic expression of GLS1 or macrophage recruitment were studied. RESULTS Hypoxia enhanced GLS1 expression and subsequent glutamate production in osteoblasts. Glutamate induced chemoattraction of macrophages by osteoblasts through up-regulation of CCL2 synthesis. Hypoxia promoted CCL2 secretion and macrophage recruitment through augmentation of glutaminolysis. Knockdown of GLS1 abolished hypoxia-induced effects. In rat periapical lesions, progressive bone resorption was significantly related to elevated GLS1 expression in osteoblasts and increased macrophage recruitment. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the rise in glycolytic activity, the progression of periapical lesions is also associated with enhanced glutamine catabolism in osteoblasts. GLS1 may be a potential therapeutic target in the management of periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Liang Hou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sze-Kwan Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sang-Heng Kok
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wei Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eddie Hsiang-Hua Lai
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Hong
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang Yang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Juo-Song Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Deh Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenny Zwei-Chieng Chang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Kok SH, Lin LD, Hou KL, Hong CY, Chang CC, Hsiao M, Wang JH, Lai EHH, Lin SK. Simvastatin inhibits cysteine-rich protein 61 expression in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts through the regulation of sirtuin-1/FoxO3a signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:639-49. [PMID: 23239110 DOI: 10.1002/art.37807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the role of sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1)/FoxO3a in the expression of cysteine-rich protein 61 (CYR-61) in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) and the influence of simvastatin on this pathway, and to determine the relationship between disease progression and FoxO3a/CYR-61 signaling in synovial fibroblasts in vivo using a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). METHODS In RASFs, the expression of CYR-61 and SIRT-1, the localization of FoxO3a in the nucleus/cytoplasm, and the phosphorylation/acetylation of FoxO3a were examined by Western blotting. Secretion of CCL20 was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Promoter activity of the Cyr61 gene was evaluated by luciferase assay, with or without forced expression of FoxO3a and SIRT-1 by lentiviral transduction. FoxO3a-Cyr61 promoter interaction was examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation. In rats with CIA, the expression of CYR-61 and phosphorylated FoxO3a in synovial fibroblasts was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In RASFs, simvastatin suppressed the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced production of CYR-61 and CCL20. Nuclear levels of FoxO3a were decreased after TNFα stimulation of RASFs, and forced expression of FoxO3a reversed the inductive effects of TNFα on CYR-61. Simvastatin inhibited the nuclear export, phosphorylation, and acetylation of FoxO3a and maintained its binding to the Cyr61 promoter. Forced expression of SIRT-1 in RASFs led to decreased levels of CYR-61 and deacetylation of FoxO3a. Following treatment with simvastatin, the expression of SIRT-1 was up-regulated and SIRT-1/FoxO3a binding was enhanced in RASFs. In rats with CIA, intraarticular injection of simvastatin alleviated arthritis and suppressed CYR-61 expression and FoxO3a phosphorylation in synovial fibroblasts. CONCLUSION CYR-61 is important in the pathogenesis of RA, and SIRT-1/FoxO3a signaling is crucial to induction of CYR-61 in RASFs. Simvastatin plays a beneficial role in inflammatory arthritis through its up-regulation of SIRT-1/FoxO3a signaling in synovial fibroblasts. Continued study of the pathways linking sirtuins, FoxO proteins, and the inflammatory responses of RASFs may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Heng Kok
- National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin LD, Lin SK, Chao YL, Kok SH, Hong CY, Hou KL, Lai EHH, Yang H, Lee MS, Wang JS. Simvastatin suppresses osteoblastic expression of Cyr61 and progression of apical periodontitis through enhancement of the transcription factor Forkhead/winged helix box protein O3a. J Endod 2013; 39:619-25. [PMID: 23611379 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, the role of transcription factor Forkhead/winged helix box protein O3a (FoxO3a) in Cyr61 expression and its modulation by simvastatin were investigated in cultured murine osteoblasts and a rat model of induced apical periodontitis. We also examined the effects of simvastatin on the synthesis of chemokine CCL2 and chemotaxis of macrophages in vitro. METHODS We assessed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated expression of Cyr61 and phosphorylated inactive FoxO3a (p-FoxO3a) in MC3T3-E1 murine osteoblasts by Western analysis. Forced expression of FoxO3a by lentiviral-based gene transduction was performed, and its effect on Cyr61 expression was evaluated. The modulation of CCL2 secretion and macrophage chemotaxis by simvastatin were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and transwell migration assay, respectively. In a rat model of induced apical periodontitis, the relation between disease progression and osteoblastic expression of Cyr61, p-FoxO3a, and CCL2 and macrophage recruitment were studied by radiographic and immunohistochemistry analyses. RESULTS Western blot analysis showed enhanced expression of Cyr61 and p-FoxO3a after TNF-α treatment in a time-dependent manner. Simvastatin significantly counteracted the actions of TNF-α. Forced expression of FoxO3a reduced TNF-α-stimulated Cyr61 synthesis. Simvastatin and FoxO3a diminished TNF-α-induced CCL2 secretion and macrophage recruitment, whereas Cyr61 partially restored the stimulating action. In rat periapical lesions, simvastatin significantly attenuated bone resorption, reduced osteoblastic expressions of Cyr61, p-FoxO3a, and CCL2, and suppressed macrophage recruitment. CONCLUSIONS Simvastatin may alleviate periapical lesions by enhancing FoxO3a activity to suppress the synthesis of Cyr61 in osteoblasts. Moreover, the downstream effector mechanism of Cyr61 may involve CCL2 production and macrophage recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Deh Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wu PH, Lin SK, Lee BS, Kok SH, Wang JH, Hou KL, Yang H, Lai EHH, Wang JS, Hong CY. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate diminishes cytokine-stimulated Cyr61 expression in human osteoblastic cells: a therapeutic potential for arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 51:1953-65. [PMID: 22843790 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on cytokine-induced Cyr61 synthesis in human osteoblastic cells and the associated signalling pathways. The therapeutic effect of EGCG on CIA in rats was also studied. METHODS The expression of Cyr61 and NF-κB pathway molecules was examined by western blotting. CCL2 expression was assessed by northern blotting and ELISA. Interaction between NF-κB and Cyr61 promoter was evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. In rat CIA, osteoblastic expression of Cyr61 was examined by immunohistochemistry and disease progression was assessed by clinical, radiographic and histological examinations. RESULTS EGCG inhibited Cyr61 expression stimulated by cytokines in primary human osteoblasts and human osteoblastic cell line U2OS. In U2OS, oncostatin M (OSM) induced IκB-α degradation through the mTOR/rictor/Akt pathway, and EGCG attenuated the action. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that the OSM-enhanced NF-κB/DNA binding was reduced by EGCG, possibly through abrogating nucleus localization of p65 and p50. Cyr61 enhanced OSM-induced expression of CCL2. Moreover, EGCG diminished OSM-stimulated CCL2 expression at least partially via suppressing Cyr61 induction. Co-distribution of CD68(+) macrophages and Cyr61(+) osteoblasts in osteolytic areas was obvious in the CIA model. Clinical, radiographic and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that administration of EGCG markedly diminished the severity of CIA, macrophage infiltration, and the number of Cyr61-synthesizing osteoblasts. CONCLUSION By modulating the mTOR/rictor/Akt/NF-κB pathway, EGCG attenuated Cyr61 production in osteoblastic cells and in turn diminished macrophage chemotaxis. Our data support the therapeutic potential of EGCG on arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Han Wu
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Chang-Te Street, Taipei 10016, Taiwan.
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Lai EHH, Hong CY, Kok SH, Hou KL, Chao LH, Lin LD, Chen MH, Wu PH, Lin SK. Simvastatin Alleviates the Progression of Periapical Lesions by Modulating Autophagy and Apoptosis in Osteoblasts. J Endod 2012; 38:757-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Yang GL, Zhang LH, Bo JJ, Hou KL, Cai X, Chen YY, Li H, Liu DM, Huang YR. Overexpression of HMGA2 in bladder cancer and its association with clinicopathologic features and prognosis HMGA2 as a prognostic marker of bladder cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2011; 37:265-71. [PMID: 21273026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine HMGA2 expression and investigate its clinical and prognostic significance in human urothelial bladder cancer (BUC). METHODS We detected HMGA2 mRNA and protein expression by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively in 44 frozen bladder cancer tissues and 18 adjacent normal bladder tissues. HMGA2 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis of 148 paraffin-embedded specimens of human BUC and 30 specimens of adjacent normal bladder tissue. Correlations between HMGA2 and clinicopathologic features and prognosis were tested by statistical analyses. RESULTS HMGA2 mRNA and protein levels in bladder cancer samples were significantly increased compared with adjacent normal bladder tissues (P < 0.001). mRNA overexpression correlated with high stage and grade of the bladder cancer (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002 respectively). HMGA2 protein expression was negative in all normal urothelial tissue samples, but positive in 52% (77/148) of bladder cancers (P < 0.001). HMGA2 expression correlated with tumor grade and stage (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003 respectively), Overexpression of HMGA2 protein in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer was significantly associated with shorter recurrence-free survival (P < 0.001), and progression-free survival (P = 0.0004). Multivariate analysis showed that HMGA2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for both tumor recurrence (P < 0.001) and tumor progression (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS HMGA2 is up-regulated in bladder cancer at both the transcriptional and translational levels compared with normal bladder tissue, HMGA2 protein is thus a potential prognostic marker for predicting tumor recurrence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Yang
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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Kok SH, Hou KL, Hong CY, Wang JS, Liang PC, Chang CC, Hsiao M, Yang H, Lai EHH, Lin SK. Simvastatin inhibits cytokine-stimulated Cyr61 expression in osteoblastic cells: a therapeutic benefit for arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 63:1010-20. [PMID: 20191585 DOI: 10.1002/art.27433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of proinflammatory cytokines on Cyr61 expression in osteoblastic cells and the modulatory action of simvastatin, to assess the role of CREB in Cyr61 induction, and to investigate the relationship of osteoblastic expression of Cyr61 to disease progression in experimental arthritis. METHODS Cyr61 expression and CREB phosphorylation at serine 133 were examined by Western blotting. Promoter activity of Cyr61 was assessed by luciferase assay with promoter deletion/mutagenesis and forced expression/gene silencing of CREB. Interaction between CREB and the Cyr61 promoter was evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. CCL2 expression was examined by Northern blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), osteoblastic expression of Cyr61 was examined by immunohistochemistry, and disease progression was assessed by clinical, radiographic, and histologic examination. RESULTS In primary human osteoblasts and U2OS cells, Cyr61 expression stimulated by tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), oncostatin M (OSM), and other IL-6-family cytokines was suppressed by simvastatin. In U2OS cells, simvastatin inhibited OSM-induced CREB phosphorylation and CREB-DNA binding. Knockdown of CREB by short hairpin RNA reduced Cyr61 synthesis. OSM-induced Cyr61 promoter activation was dependent on CRE-CREB interaction and inhibited by simvastatin. Cyr61 enhanced CCL2 expression by U2OS cells. Intraarticular injection of simvastatin inhibited CIA progression and diminished the number of Cyr61+ osteoblasts and infiltrating macrophages. CONCLUSION Simvastatin inhibited cytokine-stimulated Cyr61 expression in osteoblastic cells and suppressed disease progression and osteoblastic expression of Cyr61 in inflammatory arthritis. This finding indicates that simvastatin may have potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory arthritis.
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Kok SH, Hong CY, Kuo MYP, Wang CC, Hou KL, Lin YT, Galson DL, Lin SK. Oncostatin M-induced CCL2 transcription in osteoblastic cells is mediated by multiple levels of STAT-1 and STAT-3 signaling: An implication for the pathogenesis of arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:1451-62. [DOI: 10.1002/art.24452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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11
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Lin SK, Kok SH, Lee YL, Hou KL, Lin YT, Chen MH, Wang CC, Hong CY. Simvastatin as a Novel Strategy To Alleviate Periapical Lesions. J Endod 2009; 35:657-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lee YL, Hong CY, Kok SH, Hou KL, Lin YT, Chen MH, Wang CC, Lin SK. An Extract of Green Tea, Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, Reduces Periapical Lesions by Inhibiting Cysteine-rich 61 Expression in Osteoblasts. J Endod 2009; 35:206-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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