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Khalfalla M, Zsombik L, Nagy R, Győri Z. Promoting the elemental profile of sorghum grain: Driving factors affecting nutritional properties under nitrogen fertilizer conditions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28759. [PMID: 38601610 PMCID: PMC11004528 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring nitrogen utilization is crucial in agricultural practices, emphasizing the interrelationship between soil health, nutrient management, and human health. The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of N fertilizer on the nutritional characteristics of diverse S. bicolor varieties, namely Alföldi 1, ES Föehn (Lidea Seeds) with a red pericarp, ES Albanus, Albita, and Farmsugro 180 (all white varieties), the study was conducted in sorghum-producing areas where the crop is non-native. Specifically, the study investigated two soil types: loam clay and sandy soil. Furthermore, the respective varieties were grown under N (27% N CAN) fertilizer conditions, involving 60 kg/ha-1 and 120 kg/ha-1 of the treatment rates applied at each experiment site. We measured the specific element concentration in each sample using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) technology. Certainly, the results demonstrated that the different S. bicolor varieties had unique nutritional characteristics attributed to several factors such as soil type, variety, and treatment, which showed a significance value of (P < 0.05). The findings demonstrated that the treatments had distinct impacts as stimulators and inhibitors for certain elements. Specifically, the application of 120 kg/ha-1 negatively affected the levels of particular elements, such as Ca mg/kg-1, in loam clay and sandy soil. The statistical analysis of trace microelement variance did not show a significance value (P > 0.05) when considering the year factor, which supported the data analysis's reliability and accuracy. In summary, to enhance the nutritional value of sorghum grain and supply nutrient-rich food choices for individuals, consider factors such as fertilizer response, nutrient uptake by grain, element mineral accumulation, and advisory variety. Additional research could enhance the nutritional properties of sorghum to provide the required dietary stuff, such as grain processing, which can render sorghum a proper addition to a healthy and balanced human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Khalfalla
- University of Debrecen, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Nutrition Science, Debrecen, Böszörményi utca. 138, 4032, Hungary
| | - László Zsombik
- University of Debrecen, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm, Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, Vilmos utca 4-6, 4400, Hungary
| | - Róbert Nagy
- University of Debrecen, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Nutrition Science, Debrecen, Böszörményi utca. 138, 4032, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Győri
- University of Debrecen, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Nutrition Science, Debrecen, Böszörményi utca. 138, 4032, Hungary
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Khalfalla M, Zsombik L, Győri Z. Revealing Consequences of the Husking Process on Nutritional Profiles of Two Sorghum Races on the Male Sterility Line. Foods 2024; 13:1100. [PMID: 38611404 PMCID: PMC11011791 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The male sterility line is a vital approach in the genetic breeding of sorghum. The husking process affects the grain's nutritional composition, emphasizing the intricate relationship between genetic enhancement and dietary requirements. The current study assessed the influence of the Husking Fraction Time Unit (HFTU) process, which was set at 30 (S) and 80 (S) time units per second (S). The study assessed the impact of the (HFTU) process on fifty-one inbred line sorghum race varieties, which implied diverse nutritional profiles considering the pericarp color variations. The assessment of the nutritional profile involved dry matter, total protein, and minerals (P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, and Mn). The variety groups showed a significance value of p ≤ 0.05, indicating the study hypothesis's truth. While results demonstrated substantial impacts implied by the Husking Fraction Time Unit (HFTU) technique, the occurrence was noted when the dry matter percentage was increased in the husked products, specifically the endosperm (grits) and bran. Conversely, the protein variation percentage between the bran and endosperm (grits) for the S. bicolor race was calculated at 33.7%. In comparison, the percentage was 11.8% for the Kafirin race. The 80 (S) time unit, on the other hand, had an observable effect on the mineral reconcentration when the Kafirin race had the highest averages of K mg/kg-1, Ca mg/kg-1, and Fe mg/kg-1, which were 5700.5 mg/kg-1, 551.5 mg/kg-1 and 66.5 mg/kg-1, respectively. The results of this study could benefit breeders and nutrition specialists in developing genotypes and processing sorghum grains, promoting research, and aiding several industrial sectors owing to the grain's adaptability and nutritional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Khalfalla
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Nutrition, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Central Laboratory, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Khartoum P.O. Box 7099, Sudan
| | - László Zsombik
- Research and Educational Farm, University of Debrecen, Vilmos út 4–6, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Győri
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Nutrition, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
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Kutasy E, Buday-Bódi E, Virág IC, Forgács F, Melash AA, Zsombik L, Nagy A, Csajbók J. Mitigating the Negative Effect of Drought Stress in Oat ( Avena sativa L.) with Silicon and Sulphur Foliar Fertilization. Plants (Basel) 2021; 11:plants11010030. [PMID: 35009034 PMCID: PMC8747363 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the 2020-2021 growing season, aiming at investigating the abiotic stress tolerance of oat (Avena sativa L.) with silicon and sulphur foliar fertilization treatments and monitoring the effect of treatments on the physiology, production and stress tolerance of winter oat varieties. In the Hungarian national list of varieties, six winter oat varieties were registered in 2020, and all of the registered varieties were sown in a small plot field experiment in Debrecen, Hungary. The drought tolerance of the oat could be tested, because June was very dry in 2021; the rainfall that month totaled 6 mm only despite a 30-year average of 66.5 mm, and the average temperature for the month was 3.2 °C higher than the 30-year average. Foliar application of silicon and sulphur fertilizers caused differences in the photosynthesis rate, total conductance to CO2, transpiration, water use efficiency, leaf area, chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, thousand kernel weight (TKW) and yield of winter oat. The application of silicon significantly increased the photosynthesis rate (16.8-149.3%), transpiration (5.4-5.6%), air-leaf temperature difference (16.2-43.2%), chlorophyll (1.0%) and carotenoid (2.5%) content. The yield increased by 10.2% (Si) and 8.0% (Si plus S), and the TKW by 3.3% (Si) and 5.0% (Si plus S), compared to the control plots. The plants in the control plots assimilated less CO2 while transpiring 1 m3 water more than in the Si, S or Si plus S fertilized plots. The effect of the silicon varied from 9.0 to 195.4% in water use efficiency (WUE) in the three development stages (BBCH52, BBCH65 and BBCH77). A lower leaf area index was measured in the foliar fertilized plots; even so, the yield was higher, compared to that from the control plots. Great variation was found in response to the foliar Si and S fertilization among winter oat varieties-in WUE, 2.0-43.1%; in total conductance to CO2, 4.9-37.3%; in leaf area, 1.6-34.1%. Despite the droughty weather of June, the winter oat varieties produced a high yield. The highest yield was in 'GK Arany' (7015.7 kg ha-1), which was 23.8% more than the lowest yield ('Mv Kincsem', 5665.6 kg ha -1). In the average of the treatments, the TKW increased from 23.9 to 33.9 g (41.8%). 'Mv Hópehely' had the highest TKW. Our results provide information about the abiotic stress tolerance of winter oat, which, besides being a good model plant because of its drought resistance, is an important human food and animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Kutasy
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.C.V.); (F.F.); (A.A.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Erika Buday-Bódi
- Institute of Water and Environmental Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.B.-B.); (A.N.)
| | - István Csaba Virág
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.C.V.); (F.F.); (A.A.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Fanni Forgács
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.C.V.); (F.F.); (A.A.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Anteneh Agezew Melash
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.C.V.); (F.F.); (A.A.M.); (J.C.)
| | - László Zsombik
- Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Attila Nagy
- Institute of Water and Environmental Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.B.-B.); (A.N.)
| | - József Csajbók
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.C.V.); (F.F.); (A.A.M.); (J.C.)
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Magyar-Tábori K, Mendler-Drienyovszki N, Hanász A, Zsombik L, Dobránszki J. Phytotoxicity and Other Adverse Effects on the In Vitro Shoot Cultures Caused by Virus Elimination Treatments: Reasons and Solutions. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10040670. [PMID: 33807286 PMCID: PMC8066107 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In general, in vitro virus elimination is based on the culture of isolated meristem, and in addition thermotherapy, chemotherapy, electrotherapy, and cryotherapy can also be applied. During these processes, plantlets suffer several stresses, which can result in low rate of survival, inhibited growth, incomplete development, or abnormal morphology. Even though the in vitro cultures survive the treatment, further development can be inhibited; thus, regeneration capacity of treated in vitro shoots or explants play also an important role in successful virus elimination. Sensitivity of genotypes to treatments is very different, and the rate of destruction largely depends on the physiological condition of plants as well. Exposure time of treatments affects the rate of damage in almost every therapy. Other factors such as temperature, illumination (thermotherapy), type and concentration of applied chemicals (chemo- and cryotherapy), and electric current intensity (electrotherapy) also may have a great impact on the rate of damage. However, there are several ways to decrease the harmful effect of treatments. This review summarizes the harmful effects of virus elimination treatments applied on tissue cultures reported in the literature. The aim of this review is to expound the solutions that can be used to mitigate phytotoxic and other adverse effects in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Magyar-Tábori
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of the Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nóra Mendler-Drienyovszki
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm (IAREF), University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (N.M.-D.); (L.Z.)
| | - Alexandra Hanász
- Kerpely Kálmán Doctoral School of Crop Production and Horticultural Sciences, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - László Zsombik
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm (IAREF), University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (N.M.-D.); (L.Z.)
| | - Judit Dobránszki
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of the Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary;
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