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Wilkerson JL, Ghosh S, Bagdas D, Mason BL, Crowe MS, Hsu KL, Wise LE, Kinsey SG, Damaj MI, Cravatt BF, Lichtman AH. Diacylglycerol lipase β inhibition reverses nociceptive behaviour in mouse models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1678-92. [PMID: 26915789 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inhibition of diacylglycerol lipase (DGL)β prevents LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Thus, the present study tested whether DGLβ inhibition reverses allodynic responses of mice in the LPS model of inflammatory pain, as well as in neuropathic pain models. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Initial experiments examined the cellular expression of DGLβ and inflammatory mediators within the LPS-injected paw pad. DAGL-β (-/-) mice or wild-type mice treated with the DGLβ inhibitor KT109 were assessed in the LPS model of inflammatory pain. Additional studies examined the locus of action for KT109-induced antinociception, its efficacy in chronic constrictive injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP) models. KEY RESULTS Intraplantar LPS evoked mechanical allodynia that was associated with increased expression of DGLβ, which was co-localized with increased TNF-α and prostaglandins in paws. DAGL-β (-/-) mice or KT109-treated wild-type mice displayed reductions in LPS-induced allodynia. Repeated KT109 administration prevented the expression of LPS-induced allodynia, without evidence of tolerance. Intraplantar injection of KT109 into the LPS-treated paw, but not the contralateral paw, reversed the allodynic responses. However, i.c.v. or i.t. administration of KT109 did not alter LPS-induced allodynia. Finally, KT109 also reversed allodynia in the CCI and CINP models and lacked discernible side effects (e.g. gross motor deficits, anxiogenic behaviour or gastric ulcers). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that local inhibition of DGLβ at the site of inflammation represents a novel avenue to treat pathological pain, with no apparent untoward side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Wilkerson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - S Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - D Bagdas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Experimental Animals Breeding and Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - B L Mason
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - M S Crowe
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - K L Hsu
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - L E Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - S G Kinsey
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - M I Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - B F Cravatt
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Jones
- Bacteriological Laboratory of Syracuse University and the Department of Forest Chemistry of the New York State College of Forestry
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Varvel SA, Anum E, Niyuhire F, Wise LE, Lichtman AH. Delta(9)-THC-induced cognitive deficits in mice are reversed by the GABA(A) antagonist bicuculline. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2005; 178:317-27. [PMID: 15322725 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-004-1988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2004] [Accepted: 07/07/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The results of recent in vitro studies have underscored the important role that activation of CB(1) receptors has on GABAergic activity in brain areas associated with memory. OBJECTIVES The primary purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the memory disruptive effects of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC) in vivo are mediated through GABAergic systems. Conversely, we also evaluated whether blocking CB(1) receptor signaling would alter memory deficits elicited by GABA agonists. METHODS The GABA(A) antagonist bicuculline and GABA(B) antagonist CGP 36742 were evaluated for their ability to ameliorate Delta(9)-THC-induced deficits in a mouse working memory Morris water maze task. Mice were also assessed in a T-maze task, as well as non-cognitive behavioral assays. Additionally, the effects of GABA(A) and GABA(B) agonists were assessed in either CB(1) (-/-) mice or wild type mice treated with the CB(1) antagonist SR 141716. RESULTS Memory deficits resulting from 10 mg/kg Delta(9)-THC in the Morris water maze were completely reversed by bicuculline, though unaffected by CGP 36742. Bicuculline also blocked the disruptive effects of Delta(9)-THC in the T-maze, but failed to alter non-mnemonic effects of Delta(9)-THC. Although CB(1) (-/-) mice exhibited supersensitivity to muscimol-induced water maze deficits compared with wild type control mice, muscimol elicited virtually identical effects in SR 141716-treated and vehicle-treated wild type mice. CONCLUSIONS This is the first demonstration of which we are aware showing that GABA(A) receptors may play a necessary role in Delta(9)-THC-induced memory impairment in whole animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Varvel
- Department of Pharmacology, VCU, PO Box 980613, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Peterson FC, Barry AJ, Unkauf H, Wise LE. The Chemistry of Wood. VII. The Esters and Ethers of the Water Soluble Polysaccharides of Larch Wood1. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01866a027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Varvel SA, Vann RE, Wise LE, Philibin SD, Porter JH. Effects of antipsychotic drugs on operant responding after acute and repeated administration. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2002; 160:182-91. [PMID: 11875636 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-001-0969-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2001] [Accepted: 10/25/2001] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The current generation of atypical antipsychotic drugs represents an improvement over traditional ("typical") antipsychotics in many respects. However, a theoretical framework and adequate preclinical models have not yet been developed to predict or explain differences among the atypical antipsychotics, a necessary component of future development. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present set of experiments was to identify differences between the acute and subchronic effects of several atypical antipsychotic drugs and the typical antipsychotic haloperidol on operant responding in rats. METHODS The effects of haloperidol and the atypical antipsychotics clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, sertindole, quetiapine, remoxipride, and thioridazine were determined in rats trained to respond for food reward under a multiple fixed ratio 30/fixed interval 60 s schedule. A profile of the acute effects of each drug on response rates, response durations, and within-session effects were determined. Next, the dose of each drug that produced 75% suppression of response rates was administered for 16 consecutive days to determine whether or not tolerance would develop to the rate-suppressing effects of that dose. RESULTS All drugs produced dose-related decreases in response rates. Only haloperidol and risperidone produced significant increases in response duration, while only haloperidol and remoxipride displayed within-session response decrements. Tolerance was evident for clozapine and to a lesser extent thioridazine. CONCLUSIONS These results illustrate that the current generation of atypical antipsychotics are a heterogeneous group and that operant procedures may be useful for identifying differences preclinically. Specifically, clozapine appears to possess properties that distinguish it from other atypical antipsychotics, particularly after repeated dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Varvel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, VCU, P.O. Box 980613, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Porter JH, Varvel SA, Vann RE, Philibin SD, Wise LE. Clozapine discrimination with a low training dose distinguishes atypical from typical antipsychotic drugs in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2000; 149:189-93. [PMID: 10805615 DOI: 10.1007/s002139900366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous drug discrimination studies with clozapine have not reliably distinguished between atypical and typical antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted to determine whether low-dose clozapine drug discrimination could distinguish atypical from typical antipsychotics. METHODS Rats were trained to discriminate 1.25 mg/kg clozapine from vehicle in a two-lever drug discrimination procedure. RESULTS Generalization testing revealed full substitution with the atypical antipsychotics olanzapine (90.3% maximum generalization), sertindole (99.8%), and risperidone (87.1%) and partial substitution for quetiapine (seroquel, 66.4%) and the typical antipsychotics haloperidol (56.8%) and thioridazine (74.3%). Remoxipride (23.1%) and the typical antipsychotics chlorpromazine (27.9%) and fluphenazine (29.5%) did not reliably substitute for clozapine. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to previous clozapine drug discrimination studies with higher training doses, the atypical antipsychotics olanzapine, sertindole, and risperidone reliably substituted for clozapine while typical antipsychotics did not. These results suggest that low-dose clozapine drug discrimination may be a more sensitive assay for distinguishing atypical from typical antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Porter
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23284-2018, USA.
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Minotti JR, Johnson EC, Hudson TL, Zuroske G, Fukushima E, Murata G, Wise LE, Chick TW, Icenogle MV. Training-induced skeletal muscle adaptations are independent of systemic adaptations. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1990; 68:289-94. [PMID: 2312472 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1990.68.1.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To isolate the peripheral adaptations to training, five normal subjects exercised the nondominant (ND) wrist flexors for 41 +/- 11 days, maintaining an exercise intensity below the threshold required for cardiovascular adaptations. Before and after training, intracellular pH and the ratio of inorganic phosphate to phosphocreatine (Pi/PCr) were measured by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Also maximal O2 consumption (VO2 max), muscle mass, and forearm blood flow were determined by graded systemic exercise, magnetic resonance imaging, and venous occlusion plethysmography, respectively. Blood flow, Pi/PCr, and pH were measured in both forearms at rest and during submaximal wrist flexion at 5, 23, and 46 J/min. Training did not affect VO2 max, exercise blood flow, or muscle mass. Resting pH, Pi/PCr, and blood flow were also unchanged. After training, the ND forearm demonstrated significantly lower Pi/PCr at 23 and 46 J/min. Endurance, measured as the number of contractions to exhaustion, also was increased significantly (63%) after training in the ND forearm. We conclude that 1) forearm training results in a lower Pi/PCr at identical submaximal work loads; 2) this improvement is independent of changes in VO2 max, muscle mass, or limb blood flow; and 3) these differences are associated with improved endurance and may reflect improved oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Minotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108
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Minotti JR, Johnson EC, Hudson TL, Sibbitt RR, Wise LE, Fukushima E, Icenogle MV. Forearm metabolic asymmetry detected by 31P-NMR during submaximal exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1989; 67:324-9. [PMID: 2759961 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1989.67.1.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the relationship of skeletal muscle energy metabolism to forearm blood flow and muscle mass in the dominant (D) and nondominant (ND) forearms of normal subjects. 31P-Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to determine intracellular pH and the ratio of inorganic phosphate to phosphocreatine (Pi/PCr), an index of energy metabolism. Forearm blood flow and muscle mass were measured by venous occlusion plethysmography and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. Metabolic measurements and flow were determined at rest and during submaximal exercise in both forearms. After a warm-up period, six normal right-handed male subjects performed 7.5 min of wrist flexion exercise in the magnet (1 contraction every 5 s), first with the ND forearm and then with the D forearm, at 23, 46, and 69 J/min. At rest, there were no differences between forearms in Pi/PCr or pH. However, at each work load the D forearm demonstrated significantly lower Pi/PCr and higher pH than the ND forearm. Blood flow was not significantly different between the forearms at rest or during exercise. Because these subjects were not engaged in unilateral arm training, we conclude that 1) Pi/PCr is lower and pH is higher in the D compared with the ND forearm in normal subjects during submaximal exercise, 2) these differences are independent of muscle mass and blood flow, and 3) the cumulative effect of long-term, low-level daily activity provides an adequate training stimulus for muscular metabolic adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Minotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Wise LE. Requirements of a Monograph on the Chemistry of Cellulose. Science 1921; 54:479-82. [PMID: 17745164 DOI: 10.1126/science.54.1403.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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