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Pulido J, Hoyos J, Martínez-Ruiz V, Sordo L, Fernández-Navarro P, Barrio G, Regidor E. Long-term impact of the 2008 economic crisis in Spain on road traffic collisions mortality by socioeconomic position. Health Place 2021; 71:102666. [PMID: 34507036 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the effect of the 2008 crisis on road traffic collision (RTC) mortality in Spain, by socioeconomic position (SEP) and type of road use. This prospective, country-wide study covered all adults living in Spain and aged ≥30 years in November 2001. The long-term effect of the crisis was assessed by measuring the monthly percentage change (MPC) in RTC mortality between the pre-crisis (2002-2007) and crisis period (2008-2011). During the recession, RTC mortality fell more in people with low compared to high SEP, so MPCs difference between periods were of a higher magnitude in the low compared to high SEP groups, especially among men motorcyclists. RTC mortality trends were favorable following the 2008 crisis, particularly among low-SEP groups. In men motorcyclists, the upward trend of the pre-crisis period reversed course.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pulido
- Department of Public Health and Maternal and Child Health, Complutense University of Madrid. Plaza Ramón y Cajal, S/n., 28040, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP). Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Hoyos
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP). Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - V Martínez-Ruiz
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP). Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Avda. de La Investigación 11. 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - L Sordo
- Department of Public Health and Maternal and Child Health, Complutense University of Madrid. Plaza Ramón y Cajal, S/n., 28040, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP). Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Fernández-Navarro
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP). Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. 28029, Madrid, Spain; Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Calle Sinesio Delgado, 4. 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Barrio
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP). Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. 28029, Madrid, Spain; National School of Public Health. Carlos III Institute of Health, Calle Sinesio Delgado, 4. 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Regidor
- Department of Public Health and Maternal and Child Health, Complutense University of Madrid. Plaza Ramón y Cajal, S/n., 28040, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP). Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. 28029, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Calle Del Profesor Martín Lagos. 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Hoyos J, Guerras JM, Koutentakis K, de la Fuente L, Pulido J, Sordo L, Vallejo F, Belza MJ. The incorporation of HIV self-testing as an exclusive option among men who have sex with men in Spain: results of an online cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1865. [PMID: 33276743 PMCID: PMC7718697 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09976-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We assessed to what extent HIV self-testing would be incorporated by men who have sex with men (MSM) with previous testing history as their exclusive testing option and describe what actions they would take in the case of obtaining a reactive self-test. Methods We conducted an online survey among Spanish resident MSM recruited mainly in gay dating apps and analyze 6171 ever tested individuals. We used Poisson regression to estimate factors associated with the incorporation of self-testing as the exclusive testing option. Among those who would incorporate self-testing as their exclusive option, we described actions taken if obtaining a reactive self-test by number of tests in the past. Results Nearly half of the participants (48.3%) were > =35 years old, 84.6% were born in Spain, 57.9% had attained a university degree, 55.1% lived in a municipality of ≤500.000 and 86.4% self-identified as homosexual. For 37.2%, self-testing would become their exclusive testing option. The incorporation of self-testing as the exclusive option increased with age 25–34 (PR:1.1, 95%CI:1.0–1.3), 35–44 (PR:1.3, 95%CI:1.2–1.5), 45–49 (PR:1.5, 95%CI:1.3–1.7) and > 50 (PR:1.5, 95%CI:1.3–1.8) and in those who reported unprotected anal intercourse (PR:1.1, 95%CI:1.0–1.2) or having paid for sex (PR:1.2, 95%CI:1.0–1.3) in the last 12 months. It was also associated with having had < 10 HIV test in the past (2–9 tests (PR:1.3, 95%CI:1.1–1.4); 1 test (PR:1.5, 95%CI:1.3–1.7)), and having been tested ≥2 years (PR:1.4, 95%CI:1.3–1.5) or between 1 and 2 years ago (PR:1.1, 95%CI:1.0–1.2). Of participants who would use self-testing exclusively 76.6% would confirm their result in case of obtaining a reactive self-test and only 6.1% wouldn’t know how to react. Only one individual expressed that he would do nothing at all. Conclusion HIV self-testing could become the exclusive testing option for more than a third of our participants. It was chosen as the exclusive option especially by older, at risk and under-tested MSM. Self-testing strategies need to especially consider the linkage to care process. In this sense, only a small fraction would not know how to react and virtually nobody reported taking no action if obtaining a reactive result. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-020-09976-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hoyos
- Department of Public Health and Maternal and Child Health, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Guerras
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. .,National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - K Koutentakis
- National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - L de la Fuente
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Pulido
- Department of Public Health and Maternal and Child Health, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - L Sordo
- Department of Public Health and Maternal and Child Health, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - F Vallejo
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, National School of Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Belza
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, National School of Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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Sordo L, Santos R, Barrote I, Silva J. Temperature amplifies the effect of high CO 2 on the photosynthesis, respiration, and calcification of the coralline algae Phymatolithon lusitanicum. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11000-11009. [PMID: 31641450 PMCID: PMC6802031 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of ocean acidification (OA) and global warming is expected to have a significant effect on the diversity and functioning of marine ecosystems, particularly on calcifying algae such as rhodoliths (maërl) that form extensive beds worldwide, from polar to tropical regions. In addition, the increasing frequency of extreme events, such as heat waves, threatens coastal ecosystems and may affect their capacity to fix blue carbon. The few studies where the simultaneous effects of both temperature and CO2 were investigated have revealed contradictory results. To assess the effect that high temperature spells can have on the maërl beds under OA, we tested the short-time effects of temperature and CO2 on the net photosynthesis, respiration, and calcification of the recently described species Phymatolithon lusitanicum, the most common maërl species of southern Portugal. Photosynthesis, calcification, and respiration increased with temperature, and the differences among treatments were enhanced under high CO2. We found that in the short term, the metabolic rates of Phymatolithon lusitanicum will increase with CO2 and temperature as will the coupling between calcification and photosynthesis. However, under high CO2, this coupling will favor photosynthesis over calcification, which, in the long term, can have a negative effect on the blue carbon fixing capacity of the maërl beds from southern Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sordo
- Marine Plant Ecology Research Group, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
- Portuguese Institute of Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA)OlhãoPortugal
| | - Rui Santos
- Marine Plant Ecology Research Group, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| | - Isabel Barrote
- Marine Plant Ecology Research Group, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| | - João Silva
- Marine Plant Ecology Research Group, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
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Sordo L, Santos R, Barrote I, Silva J. High CO 2 decreases the long-term resilience of the free-living coralline algae Phymatolithon lusitanicum. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:4781-4792. [PMID: 29876057 PMCID: PMC5980507 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mäerl/rhodolith beds are protected habitats that may be affected by ocean acidification (OA), but it is still unclear how the availability of CO 2 will affect the metabolism of these organisms. Some of the inconsistencies found among OA experimental studies may be related to experimental exposure time and synergetic effects with other stressors. Here, we investigated the long-term (up to 20 months) effects of OA on the production and calcification of the most common mäerl species of southern Portugal, Phymatolithon lusitanicum. Both the photosynthetic and calcification rates increased with CO 2 after the first 11 months of the experiment, whereas respiration slightly decreased with CO 2. After 20 months, the pattern was reversed. Acidified algae showed lower photosynthetic and calcification rates, as well as lower accumulated growth than control algae, suggesting that a metabolic threshold was exceeded. Our results indicate that long-term exposure to high CO 2 will decrease the resilience of Phymatolithon lusitanicum. Our results also show that shallow communities of these rhodoliths may be particularly at risk, while deeper rhodolith beds may become ocean acidification refuges for this biological community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sordo
- Marine Plant Ecology Research GroupCentre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| | - Rui Santos
- Marine Plant Ecology Research GroupCentre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| | - Isabel Barrote
- Marine Plant Ecology Research GroupCentre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| | - João Silva
- Marine Plant Ecology Research GroupCentre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
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Spreafico R, Sordo L, Bellotto R, Schipano M, Rescaldani A, Parmigiani F. Arterio-venous malformation of the mandible. Case report and review of literature. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2016; 36:333-336. [PMID: 27734988 PMCID: PMC5066472 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the head and neck is a rare and potentially life threatening entity due to massive haemorrhage. There are several indications for treatment, including age of the patient and location, extent and type of vascular malformation. Endovascular therapy can effectively cure most lesions with limited tissue involvement. Surgery can be used in selected cases in combination with embolization. Here we report the case of a young woman affected by a massive AVM on the left side of the mandible and submandibular region, and also review the literature on AVM with special attention to treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Spreafico
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Ospedale Civile di Vimercate, Azienda Ospedaliera di Desio e Vimercate, Vimercate (MB)
| | - L Sordo
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Ospedale Civile di Vimercate, Azienda Ospedaliera di Desio e Vimercate, Vimercate (MB)
| | - R Bellotto
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Ospedale Civile di Vimercate, Azienda Ospedaliera di Desio e Vimercate, Vimercate (MB)
| | - M Schipano
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Ospedale Civile di Vimercate, Azienda Ospedaliera di Desio e Vimercate, Vimercate (MB)
| | - A Rescaldani
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Ospedale Civile di Vimercate, Azienda Ospedaliera di Desio e Vimercate, Vimercate (MB)
| | - F Parmigiani
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Ospedale Civile di Vimercate, Azienda Ospedaliera di Desio e Vimercate, Vimercate (MB)
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Sordo L, Santos R, Reis J, Shulika A, Silva J. A direct CO 2 control system for ocean acidification experiments: testing effects on the coralline red algae Phymatolithon lusitanicum. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2503. [PMID: 27703853 PMCID: PMC5045892 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most ocean acidification (OA) experimental systems rely on pH as an indirect way to control CO2. However, accurate pH measurements are difficult to obtain and shifts in temperature and/or salinity alter the relationship between pH and pCO2. Here we describe a system in which the target pCO2 is controlled via direct analysis of pCO2 in seawater. This direct type of control accommodates potential temperature and salinity shifts, as the target variable is directly measured instead of being estimated. Water in a header tank is permanently re-circulated through an air-water equilibrator. The equilibrated air is then routed to an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) that measures pCO2 and conveys this value to a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. The controller commands a solenoid valve that opens and closes the CO2 flush that is bubbled into the header tank. This low-cost control system allows the maintenance of stabilized levels of pCO2 for extended periods of time ensuring accurate experimental conditions. This system was used to study the long term effect of OA on the coralline red algae Phymatolithon lusitanicum. We found that after 11 months of high CO2 exposure, photosynthesis increased with CO2 as opposed to respiration, which was positively affected by temperature. Results showed that this system is adequate to run long-term OA experiments and can be easily adapted to test other relevant variables simultaneously with CO2, such as temperature, irradiance and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sordo
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve , FARO , Portugal
| | - Rui Santos
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve , FARO , Portugal
| | - Joao Reis
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve , FARO , Portugal
| | - Alona Shulika
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve , FARO , Portugal
| | - Joao Silva
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve , FARO , Portugal
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Kerr R, da Cunha LC, Kikuchi RKP, Horta PA, Ito RG, Müller MN, Orselli IBM, Lencina-Avila JM, de Orte MR, Sordo L, Pinheiro BR, Bonou FK, Schubert N, Bergstrom E, Copertino MS. The Western South Atlantic Ocean in a High-CO2 World: Current Measurement Capabilities and Perspectives. Environ Manage 2016; 57:740-752. [PMID: 26616429 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-015-0630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An international multi-disciplinary group of 24 researchers met to discuss ocean acidification (OA) during the Brazilian OA Network/Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (BrOA/SOLAS) Workshop. Fifteen members of the BrOA Network (www.broa.furg.br) authored this review. The group concluded that identifying and evaluating the regional effects of OA is impossible without understanding the natural variability of seawater carbonate systems in marine ecosystems through a series of long-term observations. Here, we show that the western South Atlantic Ocean (WSAO) lacks appropriate observations for determining regional OA effects, including the effects of OA on key sensitive Brazilian ecosystems in this area. The impacts of OA likely affect marine life in coastal and oceanic ecosystems, with further social and economic consequences for Brazil and neighboring countries. Thus, we present (i) the diversity of coastal and open ocean ecosystems in the WSAO and emphasize their roles in the marine carbon cycle and biodiversity and their vulnerabilities to OA effects; (ii) ongoing observational, experimental, and modeling efforts that investigate OA in the WSAO; and (iii) highlights of the knowledge gaps, infrastructure deficiencies, and OA-related issues in the WSAO. Finally, this review outlines long-term actions that should be taken to manage marine ecosystems in this vast and unexplored ocean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Kerr
- LEOC, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8 s/n, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
| | - Letícia C da Cunha
- Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Ruy K P Kikuchi
- Departamento de Oceanografia & INCT AmbTropic, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Horta
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88010-970, Brazil
| | - Rosane G Ito
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Marius N Müller
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Iole B M Orselli
- LEOC, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8 s/n, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Jannine M Lencina-Avila
- IMAGES ESPACE-DEV, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), 66860, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Manoela R de Orte
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, 11030-400, Brazil
| | - Laura Sordo
- Grupo de Ecologia e Plantas Marinhas (ALGAE), Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve (UALG), Campus Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Bárbara R Pinheiro
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Frédéric K Bonou
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Nadine Schubert
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88010-970, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ellie Bergstrom
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88010-970, Brazil
| | - Margareth S Copertino
- LEOC, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8 s/n, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
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Sordo L, Indave B, Vallejo F, Belza M, Sanz-Barbero B, Rosales-Statkus M, Fernández-Balbuena S, Barrio G. Effect of country-of-origin contextual factors and length of stay on immigrants’ substance use in Spain. Eur J Public Health 2015; 25:930-6. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Chahua M, Sánchez-Niubò A, Torrens M, Sordo L, Bravo MJ, Brugal MT, Domingo-Salvany A. Quality of life in a community sample of young cocaine and/or heroin users: the role of mental disorders. Qual Life Res 2015; 24:2129-37. [PMID: 25682367 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-015-0943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Drug addiction and psychiatric disorders are frequently concomitant; however, few studies have investigated the impact of psychiatric disorders other than substance use disorder (SUD) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in drug users not in treatment. We studied the association of psychiatric disorders other than SUD with HRQoL in a street-recruited sample of cocaine and/or heroin users. METHODS It is a cross-sectional study involving 287 young users of cocaine and/or heroin in Barcelona, Spain. HRQoL was assessed with the Nottingham health profile (NHP). Patterns of drug use and mental disorders were assessed using the Spanish version of the psychiatric research interview for substance and mental disorders IV, and degree of dependence through the severity of dependence scale (SDS). The association of mental disorders with HRQoL was assessed through a Tobit regression analysis. RESULTS The overall NHP score was 23.9 (SD = 20.5, range 0-91.7). Sixty-one percent of the sample had two or more SUDs; 22 % had at least one non-SUD Axis I disorder (anxiety, mood, psychotic, or eating disorder); and 27.2 % had a borderline personality disorder (BPD) and/or antisocial personality disorder. Variables negatively associated with the global NHP score were psychosis [transformed beta coefficient: 15.23; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 4.48-25.97], BPD (9.55; 95 % CI 2.95-16.15), severity of dependence (8.12; 95 % CI 3.37-12.87), having two or more SUDs (for two or three SUDs: 6.83; 95 % CI 2.08-11.59) (>3 SUDs: 7.70; 95 % CI 1.72-13.68) and the intravenous use of some substance (10.20; 95 % CI 6.00-14.40). CONCLUSION HRQoL among street-recruited illegal substance users was impaired, particularly among those with psychiatric comorbidity, psychosis, and BPD being especially relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chahua
- Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Soutelo J, Grüneisen M, Fritz C, Sordo L, Powazniak Y, Lutfi R. [Familial partial lipodystrophy type 1. A rare or underdiagnosed syndrome?]. Medicina (B Aires) 2015; 75:41-43. [PMID: 25637899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) type 1 is a syndrome characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat in arms and legs and an excess of body fat in face, neck, and torso. This rare syndrome is usually diagnosed when patients present cardiovascular complications or pancreatitis due to the severe metabolic abnormalities. Here we present the case of a 45 year old diabetic female without any pathological family history, a poor glycemic control (HbA1c 11.7%), hypertriglideridemia (3000 mg/dl), a body mass index (BMI) of 38, thin limbs, subcutaneous fat loss in gluteal area and ledge of fat above them, prominent veins in lower extremities, moon face, and acanthosis nigricans; as well as hypertension (150/100 mmHg) and subcutaneous folds measuring less than average were observed. Hypercortisolism was discarded and leptin levels were measured (16.8 mg/ml, VR: BMI > 30: 50 mg/ml). Due to these clinical and biochemical manifestations, and low leptin levels (16.8 mg/ml), Kobberling syndrome was suspected; however, LMNA mutation analysis was negative. Changes in lifestyle and treatment with fenofibrate, biphasic insulin 50/50, and enalapril were initiated showing a a significant metabolic improvement: HbA1c (7.8%) and TG (243 mg/dl). FPL type 1 is a familial disease, although there are spontaneous cases. No specific mutation is responsible for this syndrome. Due to its clinical manifestations, Cushing syndrome must be discarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Soutelo
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Complejo Médico Churruca-Visca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail:
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Sordo L, Indave BI, Degenhardt L, Barrio G, Kaye S, Ruíz-Pérez I, Bravo MJ. A systematic review of evidence on the association between cocaine use and seizures. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 133:795-804. [PMID: 24051062 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Institutional monographs/medical textbooks mention seizures as a neurological complication of cocaine, but no systematic reviews (SRs) have been published on this issue. We aimed to conduct a SR of the literature on the relationship between cocaine use and seizures and to summarize the biological plausibility of that relationship. METHODS The pathophysiological mechanisms that may underlie an association between cocaine and seizures were summarized; a SR was then performed using three databases (EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO) and the Cochrane-library to search for published papers (1980-2012) aimed at quantifying the associations between cocaine use and seizures. The inclusion criteria for selection were: articles based on clinical trials, cohort, case-control (CC) or cross-sectional (CS) studies, participants ≥ 14 years old and not pregnant, and use of cocaine in the last 72 h. Information was extracted, evaluated and cross-checked independently by two researchers. RESULTS Of the 1243 potentially relevant articles initially identified; one CC and 22 CS studies were finally selected. The CC study did not find cocaine use to be a risk-factor for seizures. In addition to the limitations of the CS design, these studies had important methodological weaknesses and biases. CONCLUSIONS Despite its biological plausibility, no rigorous scientific evidence supports a causal relationship between cocaine use and seizures. The misinterpretation of the role of cocaine may have important implications in medical services. Well-conducted studies are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sordo
- National Centre of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Network Biomedical Research Centers, Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP in Spanish), Spain.
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12
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de la Fuente L, Bravo MJ, Jiménez-Mejías E, Sordo L, Pulido J, Barrio G. [Evolution of the need and coverage of syringe exchange programs in Spanish prisons, 1992-2009: A revised estimation]. Rev Esp Sanid Penit 2013; 14:86-90. [PMID: 23165631 DOI: 10.4321/s1575-06202012000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this paper is to amend the bias included in our previous work, presenting a corrected estimation of the need and coverage of syringes/needles in Spanish prisons between 1992 and 2009. METHODS Data on the provision of the needles exchange programs (NEPs) in prison is taken from official publications. The need was calculated by applying multiplicative methods to secondary data from several sources. Coverage was estimated as the quotient between provision and need and the difference between these magnitudes. The detected need estimate bias has been corrected. RESULTS NEP's in prisons started in 1997. Their maximum coverage reached 36% in 2005, which is much higher than the initially estimated value. However, it decreased by half in the next four years, reaching 17.4% in 2009. CONCLUSION The remarkable coverage reached by these programmes must be valued, but more recent evolution leads us to emphasize the need to be imaginative so that new epidemiological and economic circumstances do not lead to their disappearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L de la Fuente
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
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de la Fuente L, Bravo MJ, Jiménez-Mejías E, Sordo L, Pulido J, Barrio G. [Evolution of the need and coverage of opioid substitution treatments and needle exchange programmes in Spanish prisons, 1992-2009]. Rev Esp Sanid Penit 2012; 14:67-77. [PMID: 22801652 DOI: 10.1590/s1575-06202012000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spain is one of the few countries to have widely implemented opioid substitution treatments (OST) and needle exchange programmes (NEP) for drug users in prison. We analyze the evolution of the need, coverage and the timeliness of these interventions in Spain between 1992 and 2009. METHODS Data on the provision of interventions is taken from official publications. The need was calculated by applying multiplicative methods to secondary data from several sources. Coverage was estimated as the quotient between provision and need. Temporal opportunity was estimated by observing the gap between the acme of the incidence of consumption, of HIV infection or need and the curve of provision. RESULTS OST's began to be implemented in 1992. In 2002 they reached their maximum coverage (63.8%) and subsequently stabilized. NEP's started in 1997. Their maximum coverage reached 20.7% in 2006, but halved in a period of two years. The delay between the epidemic acme and the need and maximum intervention coverage was of 8-25 years. CONCLUSIONS OST and NEP introduction in Spanish prisons was a great advance, but the delay in their implementation and the low level of NEP coverage could have limited their potential impact on the improvement of the health of incarcerated drug users. The decline of NEP coverage in recent years is a cause of major concern for the evolution of HIV and Hepatitis C epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L de la Fuente
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
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Sordo L, Chahua M, Bravo M, Barrio G, Brugal M, Domingo-Salvany A, Molist G, De la Fuente L. Depression among regular heroin users: the influence of gender. Addict Behav 2012; 37:148-52. [PMID: 21968230 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of recent (last 12 months) depression in regular young heroin users and to ascertain factors associated with depression in this population, broken down by gender. A sample of 561 participants completed a cross-sectional survey. Eligibility criteria were: age 30 years or younger, and having used heroin for at least 12 days in the last 12 months and at least one day in the last 3 months. Participants were recruited outside of health-care facilities in the cities of Barcelona, Madrid and Seville by targeted sampling and chain referral methods. Depression was assessed using the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The prevalence of recent depression was 22.3% (35.2% among women and 17.3% among men, p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the factors positively associated with recent depression in the whole sample were female gender, age 25 or less, inability to work due to health problems and high risk consumption of alcohol. Among woman, the related variables were age 25 or less, cocaine dependence in the last 12 months, and alcohol consumption in that period. Among men, employment status was the only related variable. Analysis of an overall sample without the gender breakdown may hide important differences in the factors associated with depression in men and women. Both prevention and treatment of depression should rely on specific gender analysis.
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Papini A, Sordo L, Mosti S. SURFACE INTERACTIONS OF THE EPIPHYTIC MACROALGA HINCKSIA MITCHELLIAE (PHAEOPHYCEAE) WITH THE SHOALGRASS HALODULE WRIGHTII (CYMODOCEACEAE)(1). J Phycol 2011; 47:118-122. [PMID: 27021717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Meadows of Halodule wrightii (Cymodoceaceae) underwent a decline in a tidal flat located at Paranaguá Bay (Parana, SE Brazil). This decline appeared to be related to an overgrowth of the epiphytic macroalga Hincksia mitchelliae (Harv.) P. C. Silva (Phaeophyceae). In order to characterize the type of epiphytism between the alga and its plant host, we compared two samples from the beginning and end of the algal overgrowth via electron and optical microscopes. The investigation revealed that at both sampling periods, there was an epiphytism of type II, which is due to an infection of epiphytes strongly attached to the surface of the host but not associated to any apparent direct host-tissue damage. The presence of plasmodesmata between the cells of Hincksia only in the late stage of the host-epiphyte interaction indicated a change in the vegetative organization of Hincksia in relation to its host to improve nutrient absorption and distribution through the epiphyte cells. This is the first report on plasmodesmata in H. mitchelliae. The proposed mechanisms with which the algal epiphytes lead seagrasses to death are shadowing by adhesion on Halodule surface and disruption of its osmoregulatory system. Our findings have implications for the conservation and management strategies of seagrass ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Papini
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Università di Firenze, Via La Pira, 4 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Laura Sordo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Università di Firenze, Via La Pira, 4 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefano Mosti
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Università di Firenze, Via La Pira, 4 50121 Firenze, Italy
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Garavello W, Romagnoli M, Somigliana E, Zorloni C, Sordo L, Gaini RM. The intriguing association between prematurity and neonatal isolated submandibular suppurative sialadenitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2002; 62:41-4. [PMID: 11738693 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5876(01)00595-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Submandibular suppurative sialadenitis occurring as an isolated lesion in the neonatal period is extremely rare. A case of a preterm newborn, who developed an isolated submandibular suppurative sialadenitis is described. A literature review highlighting salient points on this topic is also presented. In particular, an important role of prematurity in the etiology of this pathological condition is shown and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Garavello
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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Romagnoli M, Marina R, Sordo L, Gaini RM. [Indications for selective arterial embolization in the treatment of epistaxis]. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2000; 20:330-5. [PMID: 11284260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
After posterior packing has failed, the treatment of choice for severe, recurrent posterior epistaxis is arterial ligature, usually through a transantral approach to the Internal Maxillary artery (LTA) or selective percutaneous embolization (EP). The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed by various Authors. A critical review of the literature brings to light the discrepancies between the results of various studies: in a series by Strong et al. and in a review of the literature EP proved more effective than LTA (90-94% vs. 85-89%). On the contrary, using personal data Cullen and Tami reported that the results are analogous. As regards complications, these proved slightly more frequent, but minor, with LTA while the rare complications with EP were more serious. The per-patient costs fundamentally depend on the type of hospital management and the availability of a treatment center; the results of the various studies are not analogous in this regard. The specific indications for the choice of which technique to use include: LTA: ethmoid artery hemorrhage, severe arteriosclerosis of the carotid compartment and allergy to the contrast medium; EP: cardiovascular instability, severe anemia and all conditions which are contraindications for general anesthesia. In the cases studied by the Authors, of the total 203 patients admitted to hospital for posterior epistaxis between May 1995 and November 1999, 12 (5.9%; on the average 2.6 pt/yr) showed values lower than those found at other Centers. A total of 13 EP procedures were performed and the result was positive (stopping the hemorrhage) in 11 (91.7%). In one post-traumatic case there was a recurrence which could not be controlled by EP and thus the Authors resorted to surgical ligature. All the patients underwent fibroscopy after the posterior packing was removed and before establishing the indications for EP. A full 50% of the patients treated showed arterial hypertension and in all patients except the one with multiple traumas, the pre-embolization angiography showed the presence of submucosal teleangiectasia in the site of the epistaxis. This report supports the hypothesis that, in the presence of triggering factors (hypertension, pregnancy), untreatable epistaxis is sustained by a submucosal vascular malformation. On the other hand, it also asserts that although the patient evaluation to determine the EP treatment was less invasive than that used in other Centers, it was able to identify the patients with this malformation, thus validating the clinical criteria used.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Romagnoli
- Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica Università di Milano Bicocca, Ospedale S. Gerardo, Monza
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Carnazza G, Cavallotti GP, Genovese MG, Sordo L, Taricco MT. [Nontraumatic lesions of the knee revealed by standard radiographic examination]. Minerva Med 1987; 78:1857-62. [PMID: 3431732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Examination of a series of knee arthrographies and CAT scans reveals the importance of certain signs of "lesions" that are revealed by simple standard radiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carnazza
- Servizio di Radiodiagnostica, Ospedale Mauriziano Umberto I, Torino
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Dalmasso F, Pellegrino S, Sordo L, Bellero V. [Behavior of gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase during chronic respiratory insufficiency]. Bronchopneumologie 1977; 27:35-40. [PMID: 18261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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