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Denis V, Ferrier-Pagès C, Schubert N, Coppari M, Baker DM, Camp EF, Gori A, Grottoli AG, Houlbrèque F, Maier SR, Mancinelli G, Martinez S, Yalçın Özdilek Ş, Radice VZ, Ribes M, Richter C, Viladrich N, Rossi S. Heterotrophy in marine animal forests in an era of climate change. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:965-978. [PMID: 38284299 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Marine animal forests (MAFs) are benthic ecosystems characterised by biogenic three-dimensional structures formed by suspension feeders such as corals, gorgonians, sponges and bivalves. They comprise highly diversified communities among the most productive in the world's oceans. However, MAFs are in decline due to global and local stressors that threaten the survival and growth of their foundational species and associated biodiversity. Innovative and scalable interventions are needed to address the degradation of MAFs and increase their resilience under global change. Surprisingly, few studies have considered trophic interactions and heterotrophic feeding of MAF suspension feeders as an integral component of MAF conservation. Yet, trophic interactions are important for nutrient cycling, energy flow within the food web, biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and MAF stability. This comprehensive review describes trophic interactions at all levels of ecological organisation in tropical, temperate, and cold-water MAFs. It examines the strengths and weaknesses of available tools for estimating the heterotrophic capacities of the foundational species in MAFs. It then discusses the threats that climate change poses to heterotrophic processes. Finally, it presents strategies for improving trophic interactions and heterotrophy, which can help to maintain the health and resilience of MAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianney Denis
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Da'an District, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Nadine Schubert
- CCMAR-Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, Bld. 7, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Martina Coppari
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, via Brecce Bianche snc, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - David M Baker
- School of Biological Sciences & Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Emma F Camp
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Andrea Gori
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Andréa G Grottoli
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, 125 South Oval Mall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Fanny Houlbrèque
- Entropie UMR 9220, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Nouméa, 98848, New Caledonia
| | - Sandra R Maier
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2 PO Box 570, Nuuk, 3900, Greenland
| | - Giorgio Mancinelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni s/n, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Stephane Martinez
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA
| | - Şükran Yalçın Özdilek
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, 17100, Turkey
| | - Veronica Z Radice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Marta Ribes
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Claudio Richter
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Alten Hafen 26, Bremerhaven, 27568, Germany
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str., NW 2, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Nuria Viladrich
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni s/n, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Universidade Federal do Ceara, Instituto de Ciencias do Mar (Labomar), Av. da Abolicao 3207, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Vivanco-Bercovich M, Sandoval-Gil JM, Bonet-Meliá P, Cabello-Pasini A, Muñiz-Salazar R, Montoya LR, Schubert N, Marín-Guirao L, Procaccini G, Ferreira-Arrieta A. Marine heatwaves recurrence aggravates thermal stress in the surfgrass Phyllospadix scouleri. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 199:115943. [PMID: 38176159 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The surfgrass Phyllospadix scouleri grows in highly productive meadows along the Pacific coast of North America. This region has experienced increasingly severe marine heatwaves (MHWs) in recent years. Our study evaluated the impact of consecutive MHWs, simulated in mesocosms, on essential ecophysiological features of P. scouleri. Overall, our findings show that the plants' overall physiological status has been progressively declining. Interestingly, the indicators of physiological stress in photosynthesis only showed up once the initial heat exposure stopped (i.e., during the recovery period). The warming caused increased oxidative damage and a decrease in nitrate uptake rates. However, the levels of non-structural carbohydrates and relative growth rates were not affected. Our findings emphasize the significance of incorporating recovery periods in this type of study as they expose delayed stress responses. Furthermore, experiencing consecutive intense MHWs can harm surfgrasses over time, compromising the health of their meadows and the services they offer to the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vivanco-Bercovich
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas (IIO), Marine Botany Research Group, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Jose Miguel Sandoval-Gil
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas (IIO), Marine Botany Research Group, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Paula Bonet-Meliá
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas (IIO), Marine Botany Research Group, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Cabello-Pasini
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas (IIO), Marine Botany Research Group, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Raquel Muñiz-Salazar
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas (IIO), Marine Botany Research Group, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico; Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Ruiz Montoya
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas (IIO), Marine Botany Research Group, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Nadine Schubert
- CCMAR - Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Lázaro Marín-Guirao
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Seagrass Ecology Group, C/Varadero s/n, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gabriele Procaccini
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
| | - Alejandra Ferreira-Arrieta
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas (IIO), Marine Botany Research Group, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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Tuya F, Schubert N, Aguirre J, Basso D, Bastos EO, Berchez F, Bernardino AF, Bosch NE, Burdett HL, Espino F, Fernández-Gárcia C, Francini-Filho RB, Gagnon P, Hall-Spencer JM, Haroun R, Hofmann LC, Horta PA, Kamenos NA, Le Gall L, Magris RA, Martin S, Nelson WA, Neves P, Olivé I, Otero-Ferrer F, Peña V, Pereira-Filho GH, Ragazzola F, Rebelo AC, Ribeiro C, Rinde E, Schoenrock K, Silva J, Sissini MN, Tâmega FTS. Levelling-up rhodolith-bed science to address global-scale conservation challenges. Sci Total Environ 2023:164818. [PMID: 37315600 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global marine conservation remains fractured by an imbalance in research efforts and policy actions, limiting progression towards sustainability. Rhodolith beds represent a prime example, as they have ecological importance on a global scale, provide a wealth of ecosystem functions and services, including biodiversity provision and potential climate change mitigation, but remain disproportionately understudied, compared to other coastal ecosystems (tropical coral reefs, kelp forests, mangroves, seagrasses). Although rhodolith beds have gained some recognition, as important and sensitive habitats at national/regional levels during the last decade, there is still a notable lack of information and, consequently, specific conservation efforts. We argue that the lack of information about these habitats, and the significant ecosystem services they provide, is hindering the development of effective conservation measures and limiting wider marine conservation success. This is becoming a pressing issue, considering the multiple severe pressures and threats these habitats are exposed to (e.g., pollution, fishing activities, climate change), which may lead to an erosion of their ecological function and ecosystem services. By synthesizing the current knowledge, we provide arguments to highlight the importance and urgency of levelling-up research efforts focused on rhodolith beds, combating rhodolith bed degradation and avoiding the loss of associated biodiversity, thus ensuring the sustainability of future conservation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Tuya
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación (IU-ECOAQUA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, Spain.
| | - Nadine Schubert
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Julio Aguirre
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniela Basso
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, CoNISMa Research Unit of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Eduardo O Bastos
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Flávio Berchez
- Instituto de Biociências/Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile
| | - Angelo F Bernardino
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Néstor E Bosch
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación (IU-ECOAQUA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, Spain; Asociación Biodiversidad Atlántica y Sostenibilidad (ABAS), Telde, Spain
| | - Heidi L Burdett
- Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Umeå University, Norrbyn, Sweden; Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fernando Espino
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación (IU-ECOAQUA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, Spain
| | - Cindy Fernández-Gárcia
- School of Biology, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica; Research Center in Marine Sciences and Limnology (CIMAR), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ronaldo B Francini-Filho
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Centro de Biologia Marinha (CEBIMar), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Sebastião, Brazil
| | - Patrick Gagnon
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Jason M Hall-Spencer
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan; School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, UK
| | - Ricardo Haroun
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación (IU-ECOAQUA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, Spain
| | - Laurie C Hofmann
- Marine Aquaculture Group, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany; Bremerhaven University of Applied Sciences, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Paulo A Horta
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Nicholas A Kamenos
- Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Umeå University, Norrbyn, Sweden; Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Line Le Gall
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Rafael A Magris
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Sophie Martin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Wendy A Nelson
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pedro Neves
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Observatório Oceânico da Madeira, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação, Tecnologia e Inovação (OOM/ ARDITI), Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Irene Olivé
- Department of Integrative Marine Biology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohn, Naples, Italy
| | - Francisco Otero-Ferrer
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación (IU-ECOAQUA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, Spain; Asociación Biodiversidad Atlántica y Sostenibilidad (ABAS), Telde, Spain
| | - Viviana Peña
- BioCost Research Group, Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Guilherme H Pereira-Filho
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Federica Ragazzola
- Department of Integrative Marine Biology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohn, Naples, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Ana Cristina Rebelo
- Divisão de Geologia Marinha, Instituto Hidrográfico, Lisboa, Portugal; BIOPOLIS-CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBio Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Portugal; SMNS - Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Cláudia Ribeiro
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; IFCN-Instituto das Florestas e Conservação da Natureza, IP-RAM, Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Eli Rinde
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathryn Schoenrock
- School of Natural Sciences, The Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - João Silva
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marina N Sissini
- Lab. de Ecologia e Conservação de Ambientes Recifais (LECAR), Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Frederico T S Tâmega
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Marinha, Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira (IEAPM), Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil
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Schubert N, Kühlein T, Burggraf L. The conceptualization of acute bronchitis in general practice - a fuzzy problem with consequences? A qualitative study in primary care. BMC Prim Care 2023; 24:92. [PMID: 37024785 PMCID: PMC10080804 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-023-02039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute bronchitis is one of the most frequent diagnoses in primary care. Scientifically, it is conceptualized as a viral infection. Still, general practitioners (GPs) often prescribe antibiotics for acute bronchitis. The explanation for this discrepancy may lie in a different conceptualization of acute bronchitis. Therefore, we wanted to know, how GPs conceptualize acute bronchitis, and how they differentiate it from common cold and pneumonia. Furthermore, we tried to find out the GPs' reasons for prescribing antibiotics in those cases. METHODS To answer our study questions, we conducted a qualitative study with GPs in Bavaria, Germany, by using semi-structured guided interviews. The analysis of the data was conducted using the documentary method according to Ralf Bohnsack. The transcripts were subdivided into categories. Analyzing each part by reflective interpretation, first manually, secondly with the help of RQDA, we extracted the most representative citations and main messages from the interviews. RESULTS The term acute bronchitis seems to be applied when there is neither certainty of the diagnosis common cold, nor of pneumonia. It seems it bridges the gap of uncertainty between supposedly harmless clinical pictures (common cold/viral), to the more serious ones (pneumonia/bacterial). The conceptual transitions between common cold and acute bronchitis on the one side, and acute bronchitis and pneumonia on the other are fluid. The diagnosis acute bronchitis cannot solve the problem of uncertainty but seems to be a label to overcome it by offering a way to include different factors such as severity of symptoms, presumed signs of bacterial secondary infection, comorbidities, and presumed expectations of patients. It seems to solve the pathophysiologic riddle of bacterial or viral and of decision making in prescribing antibiotics. CONCLUSION Acute bronchitis as an "intermediate category" proved difficult to define for the GPs. Applying this diagnosis leaves GPs in abeyance of prescribing an antibiotic or not. As a consequence of this uncertainty in pathophysiologic reasoning (viral or bacterial) other clinical and social factors tip the balance towards antibiotic prescribing. Teaching physicians to better think in probabilities of outcomes instead of pathophysiologic reasoning and to deal with uncertainty might help reducing antibiotic overprescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schubert
- Friedrich-Alexander-university Erlangen-Nürnberg, institute of general practice, Universitätsstraße 29, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kühlein
- Friedrich-Alexander-university Erlangen-Nürnberg, institute of general practice, Universitätsstraße 29, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Larissa Burggraf
- Friedrich-Alexander-university Erlangen-Nürnberg, institute of general practice, Universitätsstraße 29, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- University of education, Department of sociology, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
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Rossi S, Bramanti L, Horta P, Allcock L, Carreiro-Silva M, Coppari M, Denis V, Hadjioannou L, Isla E, Jimenez C, Johnson M, Mohn C, Orejas C, Ramšak A, Reimer J, Rinkevich B, Rizzo L, Salomidi M, Samaai T, Schubert N, Soares M, Thurstan RH, Vassallo P, Ziveri P, Zorrilla-Pujana J. Protecting global marine animal forests. Science 2022; 376:929. [PMID: 35617383 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq7583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Pérez-Castro MÁ, Schubert N, Ang-Montes de Oca G, Leyte-Morales GE, Eyal G, Hinojosa-Arango G. Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems in the Eastern Tropical Pacific: The current state of knowledge and the spatial variability of their depth boundaries. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150576. [PMID: 34582873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems (MCEs) are limited by oceanographic conditions and are thought to be mostly absent. However, considering the currently discussed more flexible approach to define mesophotic boundaries, based on light availability, we performed a systematic search to assess their current state of knowledge. Using MODIS-Aqua satellite data (Kd490), we calculated the mesophotic boundaries in the ETP, based on optical depths, and performed a bibliographic search of studies carried out at those depths, including those present in turbid waters with KdPAR values up to 0.2 m-1. Seventy-seven papers on MCEs research were compiled in this review, recording a total of 138 species. The studies focus almost exclusively on taxonomy, ecosystem function, and reviews, indicating the need for future research regarding aspects, such as structuring environmental variables, molecular ecology, and natural resource management. Furthermore, remote sensing data show that there exists a high spatial variability of water transparency in the ETP, resulting in significant differences in KdPAR between oceanic and continental locations, mostly related to the occurrence of seasonal upwelling in the latter. Based on KdPAR, we estimated the mesophotic depth boundaries (z10%, z1%, z0.1%) for specific locations within the ETP and found that MCEs can potentially occur as shallow as 13-15 m in coastal regions. Also, we compared the calculated boundaries with the respective deepest records of light-dependent corals. With one exception, the presence of the corals was restricted to the upper mesophotic subzone (z10%-z1%), which agrees with reports for other regions, showing that light availability is one of the main drivers for the bathymetric distribution of MCEs and can be used as a first approach to identify their potential presence, though other local factors (e.g., geomorphology, temperature, internal waves) should also be considered, as they can cause shifts in depth limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Pérez-Castro
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR), Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle de Hornos 1003, Sta. Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico.
| | - Nadine Schubert
- CCMAR - Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Ang-Montes de Oca
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales Puerto Morelos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ICML-UNAM), Cancún, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Esteban Leyte-Morales
- Universidad del Mar, Campus Puerto Ángel (UMAR), Instituto de Recursos, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Gal Eyal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Gustavo Hinojosa-Arango
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR), Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle de Hornos 1003, Sta. Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico.
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Schubert N, Hofmann LC, Almeida Saá AC, Moreira AC, Arenhart RG, Fernandes CP, de Beer D, Horta PA, Silva J. Author Correction: Calcification in free‑living coralline algae is strongly influenced by morphology: Implications for susceptibility to ocean acidification. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14682. [PMID: 34257373 PMCID: PMC8277880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schubert
- CCMAR ‑ Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005‑139, Faro, Portugal. .,Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianopolis, 88010‑970, Brazil.
| | - Laurie C Hofmann
- Microsensor Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Marine Aquaculture Group, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Antonella C Almeida Saá
- Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianopolis, 88010‑970, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Oceanography (PPGOCEANO), Center for Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianopolis, 88010‑970, Brazil.,Institute of Oceanological Research (IIO), Autonomous University of Baja California, Km 106. Carretera Tijuana‑Ensenada, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Anderson Camargo Moreira
- Porous Media and Thermophysical Properties Laboratory (LMPT), Mechanical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianopolis, 88010‑970, Brazil
| | - Rafael Güntzel Arenhart
- Porous Media and Thermophysical Properties Laboratory (LMPT), Mechanical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianopolis, 88010‑970, Brazil
| | - Celso Peres Fernandes
- Porous Media and Thermophysical Properties Laboratory (LMPT), Mechanical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianopolis, 88010‑970, Brazil
| | - Dirk de Beer
- Microsensor Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Paulo A Horta
- Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianopolis, 88010‑970, Brazil
| | - João Silva
- CCMAR ‑ Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005‑139, Faro, Portugal
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie C Winternitz
- Department of Animal Behavior, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nadine Schubert
- Department of Animal Behavior, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hazel J Nichols
- Department of Animal Behavior, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, UK
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Abstract
Abstract
Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have long been linked to odor signaling and recently researchers’ attention has focused on MHC structuring of microbial communities and how this may in turn impact odor. However, understanding of the mechanisms through which the MHC could affect the microbiota to produce a chemical signal that is both reliable and strong enough to ensure unambiguous transmission of behaviorally important information remains poor. This is largely because empirical studies are rare, predictions are unclear, and the underlying immunological mechanisms governing MHC–microbiota interactions are often neglected. Here, we review the immunological processes involving MHC class II (MHC-II) that could affect the commensal community. Focusing on immunological and medical research, we provide background knowledge for nonimmunologists by describing key players within the vertebrate immune system relating to MHC-II molecules (which present extracellular-derived peptides, and thus interact with extracellular commensal microbes). We then systematically review the literature investigating MHC–odor–microbiota interactions in animals and identify areas for future research. These insights will help to design studies that are able to explore the role of MHC-II and the microbiota in the behavior of wild populations in their natural environment and consequently propel this research area forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schubert
- Department of Animal Behavior, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hazel J Nichols
- Department of Animal Behavior, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Jamie C Winternitz
- Department of Animal Behavior, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz, Bielefeld, Germany
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10
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Rüger M, Kipp E, Schubert N, Schröder N, Pufe T, Stope MB, Kipp M, Blume C, Tauber SC, Brandenburg LO. The formyl peptide receptor agonist Ac2-26 alleviates neuroinflammation in a mouse model of pneumococcal meningitis. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:325. [PMID: 33121515 PMCID: PMC7596991 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial meningitis is still a cause of severe neurological disability. The brain is protected from penetrating pathogens by the blood-brain barrier and the innate immune system. The invading pathogens are recognized by pattern recognition receptors including the G-protein-coupled formyl peptide receptors (FPRs), which are expressed by immune cells of the central nervous system. FPRs show a broad spectrum of ligands, including pro- and anti-inflammatory ones. Here, we investigated the effects of the annexin A1 mimetic peptide Ac2-26 in a mouse model of pneumococcal meningitis. Methods Wildtype (WT) and Fpr1- and Fpr2-deficient mice were intrathecally infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 (type 2). Subsequently, the different mice groups were treated by intraperitoneal injections of Ac2-26 (1 mg/kg body weight) 2, 8, and 24 h post-infection. The extent of inflammation was analyzed in various brain regions by means of immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 30 h post-infection. Results Ac2-26-treated WT mice showed less severe neutrophil infiltration, paralleled by a reduced induction of pro-inflammatory glial cell responses in the hippocampal formation and cortex. While meningitis was ameliorated in Ac2-26-treated Fpr1-deficient mice, this protective effect was not observed in Fpr2-deficient mice. Irrespective of Ac2-26 treatment, inflammation was more severe in Fpr2-deficient compared to Fpr1-deficient mice. Conclusions In summary, this study demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties of Ac2-26 in a model of bacterial meningitis, which are mediated via FPR2, but not FPR1. Ac2-26 and other FPR2 modulators might be promising targets for the development of novel therapies for Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Rüger
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eugenia Kipp
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine Schubert
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicole Schröder
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias B Stope
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Kipp
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Gelsheimer Strasse 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Blume
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simone C Tauber
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars-Ove Brandenburg
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. .,Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Gelsheimer Strasse 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
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11
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Berger A, Lozano B, Barthel LMF, Schubert N. Moving in the Dark-Evidence for an Influence of Artificial Light at Night on the Movement Behaviour of European Hedgehogs ( Erinaceus europaeus). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081306. [PMID: 32751525 PMCID: PMC7459628 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The European hedgehog is one of the most popular and well-known wild animals, but its numbers are declining throughout Europe, especially in rural areas. Effective hedgehog conservation requires an understanding of the hedgehog’s ability to adapt to a changing environment. Due to globally increasing urbanisation, the use of artificial light sources to illuminate the night, called light pollution, has spread dramatically. Light pollution significantly affects the behaviour and ecology of wildlife, but the hedgehog’s behaviour towards light pollution remains unknown. We therefore investigated the effects of light pollution on the natural movement behaviour of hedgehogs living in an urban environment. Although hedgehogs can react very variably to environmental influences, the majority of hedgehogs studied here preferred to move in less illuminated rather than in strongly illuminated areas. This apparently rigid behaviour could be used in applied hedgehog conservation to connect isolated hedgehog populations or to safely guide the animals around places dangerous for them via dark corridors that are attractive for hedgehogs. Abstract With urban areas growing worldwide comes an increase in artificial light at night (ALAN), causing a significant impact on wildlife behaviour and its ecological relationships. The effects of ALAN on nocturnal and protected European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are unknown but their identification is important for sustainable species conservation and management. In a pilot study, we investigated the influence of ALAN on the natural movement behaviour of 22 hedgehogs (nine females, 13 males) in urban environments. Over the course of four years, we equipped hedgehogs at three different study locations in Berlin with biologgers to record their behaviour for several weeks. We used Global Positioning System (GPS) tags to monitor their spatial behaviour, very high-frequency (VHF) loggers to locate their nests during daytime, and accelerometers to distinguish between active and passive behaviours. We compared the mean light intensity of the locations recorded when the hedgehogs were active with the mean light intensity of simulated locations randomly distributed in the individual’s home range. We were able to show that the ALAN intensity of the hedgehogs’ habitations was significantly lower compared to the simulated values, regardless of the animal’s sex. This ALAN-related avoidance in the movement behaviour can be used for applied hedgehog conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Berger
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany; (A.B.); (B.L.); (L.M.F.B.)
| | - Briseida Lozano
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany; (A.B.); (B.L.); (L.M.F.B.)
- Institut für Ökologie, Technische Universität Berlin, Rothenburgstraße 12, 12165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leon M. F. Barthel
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany; (A.B.); (B.L.); (L.M.F.B.)
| | - Nadine Schubert
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany; (A.B.); (B.L.); (L.M.F.B.)
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Nasri Sissini M, Berchez F, Hall-Spencer J, Ghilardi-Lopes N, Carvalho VF, Schubert N, Koerich G, Diaz-Pulido G, Silva J, Serrão E, Assis J, Santos R, Floeter SR, Rörig L, Barufi JB, Bernardino AF, Francini-Filho R, Turra A, Hofmann LC, Aguirre J, Le Gall L, Peña V, Nash MC, Rossi S, Soares M, Pereira-Filho G, Tâmega F, Horta PA. Brazil oil spill response: Protect rhodolith beds. Science 2020; 367:156. [PMID: 31919215 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Nasri Sissini
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - F Berchez
- CienTec Park and Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05422-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Hall-Spencer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - N Ghilardi-Lopes
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of do ABC, 09210-170, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V F Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - N Schubert
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - G Koerich
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - G Diaz-Pulido
- School of Environment and Science, and Australian Rivers Institute-Coasts & Estuaries, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - J Silva
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - E Serrão
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - J Assis
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - R Santos
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - S R Floeter
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - L Rörig
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - J B Barufi
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - A F Bernardino
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - R Francini-Filho
- Centro de Ciências Aplicadas e Educação, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58297-000, Rio Tinto, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - A Turra
- Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L C Hofmann
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - J Aguirre
- Departamento Estratigrafıa y Paleontologia, Universidad de Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain
| | - L Le Gall
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle-Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - V Peña
- BioCost Research Group, Universidade da Coruña, 15071, Coruña, Spain
| | - M C Nash
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - S Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, DiSTeBA, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.,Instituto de Ciências do Mar (Labomar), Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60165-081, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - M Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (Labomar), Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60165-081, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - G Pereira-Filho
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 11070-100, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Tâmega
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - P A Horta
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Schubert N, Salazar VW, Rich WA, Vivanco Bercovich M, Almeida Saá AC, Fadigas SD, Silva J, Horta PA. Rhodolith primary and carbonate production in a changing ocean: The interplay of warming and nutrients. Sci Total Environ 2019; 676:455-468. [PMID: 31048175 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rhodolith beds, like many other marine ecosystems, are affected by climate change that is causing an increase in the magnitude and frequency of extreme high temperature events (heat waves). Unfortunately, this does not represent the sole peril for these communities, as coastal urbanization in conjunction with altered precipitation patterns can increase terrestrial-derived nutrient input. In Brazil, rhodolith beds are among the most extensive coastal benthic ecosystems, but despite their vast distribution and great ecological and economic importance, studies on the productivity of these communities and the impact of changing environmental conditions are almost non-existent. This study addressed the individual and combined effects of increases in temperature and nutrient concentration on the physiological performance of two widely distributed rhodolith species, Lithothamnion crispatum and Melyvonnea erubescens. The results showed species-specific responses in net photosynthetic performance, with no response in L. crispatum, while M. erubescens responded negatively to both increase in temperature and nutrients. In contrast, calcification in both species showed a significant decline at high temperature. No interactive effects were found between temperature and nutrients, yet their combined negative effects were additive, resulting in negative daily-integrated net productivity and a large decline in daily carbonate production in both species. This has strong implications for rhodolith bed primary productivity and carbonate production, as heat waves may potentially cause a strong decline in carbonate production (ca. 50% loss), accompanied by a severe drop in primary productivity that will be even more pronounced under high-nutrient conditions. Also, the species-specific responses to changes in temperature and nutrient concentration suggest that the magnitude of impact of these factors on rhodolith bed productivity will depend on the species dominating the community and may finally result in changes in rhodolith community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schubert
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianopolis, Brazil; Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.
| | - V W Salazar
- Curso de Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - W A Rich
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - M Vivanco Bercovich
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianopolis, Brazil; Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - A C Almeida Saá
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianopolis, Brazil; Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - S D Fadigas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianopolis, Brazil; Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - J Silva
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - P A Horta
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Rich WA, Schubert N, Schläpfer N, Carvalho VF, Horta ACL, Horta PA. Physiological and biochemical responses of a coralline alga and a sea urchin to climate change: Implications for herbivory. Mar Environ Res 2018; 142:100-107. [PMID: 30293660 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Direct responses to rising temperatures and ocean acidification are increasingly well known for many single species, yet recent reviews have highlighted the need for climate change research to consider a broader range of species, how stressors may interact, and how stressors may affect species interactions. The latter point is important in the context of plant-herbivore interactions, as increasing evidence shows that increasing seawater temperature and/or acidification can alter algal traits that dictate their susceptibility to herbivores, and subsequently, community and ecosystem properties. To better understand how marine rocky shore environments will be affected by a changing ocean, in the present study we investigated the direct effects of short-term, co-occurring increased temperature and ocean acidification on a coralline alga (Jania rubens) and a sea urchin herbivore (Echinometra lucunter) and assessed the indirect effects of these factors on the algal-herbivore interaction. A 21-day mesocosm experiment was conducted with both algae and sea urchins exposed to ambient (24 °C, Low CO2), high-temperature (28 °C, Low CO2), acidified (24 °C, High CO2), or high-temperature plus acidified (28 °C, High CO2) conditions. Algal photosynthesis, respiration, and phenolic content were unaffected by increased temperature and CO2, but calcium carbonate content was reduced under high CO2 treatments in both temperatures, while total sugar content of the algae was reduced under acidified, lower temperature conditions. Metabolic rates of the sea urchin were elevated in the lower temperature, high CO2 treatment, and feeding assays showed that consumption rates also increased in this treatment. Despite some changes to algal chemical composition, it appears that at least under short-term exposure to climate change conditions, direct effects on herbivore metabolism dictated herbivory rates, while indirect effects caused by changes in algal palatability seemed to be of minor importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter A Rich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil; Phycology Laboratory (LaFic), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Nadine Schubert
- Phycology Laboratory (LaFic), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Nina Schläpfer
- Phycology Laboratory (LaFic), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Vanessa F Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil; Phycology Laboratory (LaFic), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Antonio C L Horta
- Phycology Laboratory (LaFic), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Horta
- Phycology Laboratory (LaFic), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil; Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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15
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Schubert N, Freitas C, Silva A, Costa MM, Barrote I, Horta PA, Rodrigues AC, Santos R, Silva J. Photoacclimation strategies in northeastern Atlantic seagrasses: Integrating responses across plant organizational levels. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14825. [PMID: 30287907 PMCID: PMC6172194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Seagrasses live in highly variable light environments and adjust to these variations by expressing acclimatory responses at different plant organizational levels (meadow, shoot, leaf and chloroplast level). Yet, comparative studies, to identify species' strategies, and integration of the relative importance of photoacclimatory adjustments at different levels are still missing. The variation in photoacclimatory responses at the chloroplast and leaf level were studied along individual leaves of Cymodocea nodosa, Zostera marina and Z. noltei, including measurements of variable chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthesis, photoprotective capacities, non-photochemical quenching and D1-protein repair, and assessments of variation in leaf anatomy and chloroplast distribution. Our results show that the slower-growing C. nodosa expressed rather limited physiological and biochemical adjustments in response to light availability, while both species of faster-growing Zostera showed high variability along the leaves. In contrast, the inverse pattern was found for leaf anatomical adjustments in response to light availability, which were more pronounced in C. nodosa. This integrative plant organizational level approach shows that seagrasses differ in their photoacclimatory strategies and that these are linked to the species' life history strategies, information that will be critical for predicting the responses of seagrasses to disturbances and to accordingly develop adequate management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schubert
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Cátia Freitas
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - André Silva
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Monya M Costa
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Barrote
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo A Horta
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Rodrigues
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rui Santos
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - João Silva
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
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Meyer FW, Schubert N, Diele K, Teichberg M, Wild C, Enríquez S. Effect of Inorganic and Organic Carbon Enrichments (DIC and DOC) on the Photosynthesis and Calcification Rates of Two Calcifying Green Algae from a Caribbean Reef Lagoon. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160268. [PMID: 27487195 PMCID: PMC4972524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs worldwide are affected by increasing dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and organic carbon (DOC) concentrations due to ocean acidification (OA) and coastal eutrophication. These two stressors can occur simultaneously, particularly in near-shore reef environments with increasing anthropogenic pressure. However, experimental studies on how elevated DIC and DOC interact are scarce and fundamental to understanding potential synergistic effects and foreseeing future changes in coral reef function. Using an open mesocosm experiment, the present study investigated the impact of elevated DIC (pHNBS: 8.2 and 7.8; pCO2: 377 and 1076 μatm) and DOC (added as 833 μmol L-1 of glucose) on calcification and photosynthesis rates of two common calcifying green algae, Halimeda incrassata and Udotea flabellum, in a shallow reef environment. Our results revealed that under elevated DIC, algal photosynthesis decreased similarly for both species, but calcification was more affected in H. incrassata, which also showed carbonate dissolution rates. Elevated DOC reduced photosynthesis and calcification rates in H. incrassata, while in U. flabellum photosynthesis was unaffected and thalus calcification was severely impaired. The combined treatment showed an antagonistic effect of elevated DIC and DOC on the photosynthesis and calcification rates of H. incrassata, and an additive effect in U. flabellum. We conclude that the dominant sand dweller H. incrassata is more negatively affected by both DIC and DOC enrichments, but that their impact could be mitigated when they occur simultaneously. In contrast, U. flabellum can be less affected in coastal eutrophic waters by elevated DIC, but its contribution to reef carbonate sediment production could be further reduced. Accordingly, while the capacity of environmental eutrophication to exacerbate the impact of OA on algal-derived carbonate sand production seems to be species-specific, significant reductions can be expected under future OA scenarios, with important consequences for beach erosion and coastal sediment dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadine Schubert
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales Puerto Morelos (ICMyL), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cancún, Mexico
| | - Karen Diele
- Edinburgh Napier University, School of Life, Sport and Social Sciences, EH11 4BN Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- St Abbs Marine Station, St Abbs, Berwickshire, TD14 5QF, United Kingdom
| | - Mirta Teichberg
- Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
| | - Christian Wild
- Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology & Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, Bremen, Germany
| | - Susana Enríquez
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales Puerto Morelos (ICMyL), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cancún, Mexico
- * E-mail: ;
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Kerr R, da Cunha LC, Kikuchi RKP, Horta PA, Ito RG, Müller MN, Orselli IBM, Lencina-Avila JM, de Orte MR, Sordo L, Pinheiro BR, Bonou FK, Schubert N, Bergstrom E, Copertino MS. The Western South Atlantic Ocean in a High-CO2 World: Current Measurement Capabilities and Perspectives. Environ Manage 2016; 57:740-752. [PMID: 26616429 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-015-0630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An international multi-disciplinary group of 24 researchers met to discuss ocean acidification (OA) during the Brazilian OA Network/Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (BrOA/SOLAS) Workshop. Fifteen members of the BrOA Network (www.broa.furg.br) authored this review. The group concluded that identifying and evaluating the regional effects of OA is impossible without understanding the natural variability of seawater carbonate systems in marine ecosystems through a series of long-term observations. Here, we show that the western South Atlantic Ocean (WSAO) lacks appropriate observations for determining regional OA effects, including the effects of OA on key sensitive Brazilian ecosystems in this area. The impacts of OA likely affect marine life in coastal and oceanic ecosystems, with further social and economic consequences for Brazil and neighboring countries. Thus, we present (i) the diversity of coastal and open ocean ecosystems in the WSAO and emphasize their roles in the marine carbon cycle and biodiversity and their vulnerabilities to OA effects; (ii) ongoing observational, experimental, and modeling efforts that investigate OA in the WSAO; and (iii) highlights of the knowledge gaps, infrastructure deficiencies, and OA-related issues in the WSAO. Finally, this review outlines long-term actions that should be taken to manage marine ecosystems in this vast and unexplored ocean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Kerr
- LEOC, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8 s/n, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
| | - Letícia C da Cunha
- Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Ruy K P Kikuchi
- Departamento de Oceanografia & INCT AmbTropic, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Horta
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88010-970, Brazil
| | - Rosane G Ito
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Marius N Müller
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Iole B M Orselli
- LEOC, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8 s/n, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Jannine M Lencina-Avila
- IMAGES ESPACE-DEV, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), 66860, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Manoela R de Orte
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, 11030-400, Brazil
| | - Laura Sordo
- Grupo de Ecologia e Plantas Marinhas (ALGAE), Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve (UALG), Campus Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Bárbara R Pinheiro
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Frédéric K Bonou
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Nadine Schubert
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88010-970, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ellie Bergstrom
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88010-970, Brazil
| | - Margareth S Copertino
- LEOC, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8 s/n, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
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Berthold T, Schubert N, Muschter S, Rohr M, Wesche J, Reil A, Bux J, Bakchoul T, Greinacher A. HNA antibody-mediated neutrophil aggregation is dependent on serine protease activity. Vox Sang 2015; 109:366-74. [PMID: 26084778 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is often caused by antibodies against human neutrophil alloantigen-2 (HNA-2) and HNA-3a. Neutrophil aggregation is considered as a major cause of TRALI, but little is known about how HNA antibodies initiate this process. We explored mechanisms involved in neutrophil aggregation induced by HNA-2 and HNA-3a antibodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated neutrophils were pretreated with broad-spectrum or specific inhibitors against different cell functions or proteases. Granulocyte agglutination test (GAT) was performed with serially diluted anti-HNA-2 and anti-HNA-3a plasmas or control plasma, and reactivity was evaluated microscopically. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in neutrophils was investigated using a lucigenin-based chemiluminescence assay. RESULTS HNA-2 and HNA-3a antibody-mediated neutrophil aggregation was inhibited by pretreatment with formaldehyde, iodoacetamide and the serine protease inhibitors Pefabloc-SC, N-p-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) and Nα-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone hydrochloride (TLCK). In contrast, inhibition of actin polymerization, respiratory burst, cysteine proteases, metalloproteases or aspartic proteases did not affect neutrophil aggregation. Furthermore, HNA-3a antibodies did not directly cause ROS production in neutrophils. CONCLUSION Aggregation of neutrophils induced by HNA-2 and HNA-3a antibodies is an active process and depends on trypsin- or chymotrypsin-like serine proteases but is not dependent on the production of ROS. These findings may open new prospects for the pharmacologic prevention of neutrophil-associated acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Berthold
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - N Schubert
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Muschter
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M Rohr
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Wesche
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Reil
- Deutsches Rotes Kreuz - Blutspendedienst West, Hagen, Germany
| | - J Bux
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - T Bakchoul
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Greinacher
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Buecking B, Struewer J, Waldermann A, Horstmann K, Schubert N, Balzer-Geldsetzer M, Dodel R, Bohl K, Ruchholtz S, Bliemel C. What determines health-related quality of life in hip fracture patients at the end of acute care?--a prospective observational study. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:475-84. [PMID: 23783644 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hip fractures are associated with reduced health-related quality of life (HrQoL). We found pre-existing need of care or limited function, cognitive impairment, and depression to be independent factors associated with lower HrQoL during the postsurgical period. In contrast, joint replacement was associated with better HrQoL compared to internal fixation. Patients' treatment should be focused on functional recovery and treatment of depression. INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to identify independent factors that were correlated with health-related quality of life (HrQoL) after hip fracture. METHODS A total of 402 patients with a mean age of 81 years suffering from a hip fracture were included in this prospective, observational cohort study. HrQoL (determined by the EuroQol instrument) was measured at admission and at discharge from an acute care hospital. Independent factors correlated with HrQoL at discharge and changes from pre-fracture to discharge were determined using multivariate analyses. The influence of antidepressants was evaluated by an ANOVA with repeated measurements. RESULTS Need of care prior to fracture was the most important determinant of EQ-5D index at discharge (ß = -0.359, p = 0.003). Additionally, low Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) was associated with a lower EQ-5D index at discharge (MMSE 0-9: ß = -0.238, p <0.001; MMSE 10-19: ß = -0.294, p <0.001) and a greater decrease in EQ-5D during hospitalisation (MMSE 10-19: ß = 0.281, p <0.001), while joint replacement (compared to internal fixation) was associated with a higher EQ-5D index (ß = 0.188, p = 0.002) and a lower decrease in the index (ß = -0.216, p = 0.003). EQ VAS values at discharge were correlated with pre-fracture Barthel Index (ß = 0.253, p <0.001) and Geriatric Depression Scale scores (ß = -0.135, p = 0.026). Depressive patients on antidepressants demonstrated less of a decrease in the EQ-5D index compared to patients not receiving medication (F = 2.907, p = 0.090). CONCLUSIONS Acute care of hip fracture patients should be focused on functional recovery and treatment of depression. When the preferred surgical strategy is unclear, joint replacement should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Buecking
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany,
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Schubert N, Schneider M, Michealis A. The mechanism of anodic dissolution of cobalt in neutral and alkaline electrolyte at high current density. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bohl K, Buecking B, Struewer J, Waldermann A, Horstmann K, Schubert N, Balzer-Geldsetzer M, Dodel R, Ruchholtz S. Welche Faktoren beeinflussen die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit Hüftfraktur während der Versorgung in der Akutklinik. Gesundheitswesen 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1354217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Schneider M, Schubert N, Höhn S, Michaelis A. Anodic dissolution behaviour and surface texture development of cobalt under electrochemical machining conditions. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schneider M, Schroth S, Richter S, Höhn S, Schubert N, Michaelis A. In-situ investigation of the interplay between microstructure and anodic copper dissolution under near-ECM conditions—Part 2: The transpassive state. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Schneider M, Schroth S, Richter S, Höhn S, Schubert N, Michaelis A. In-situ investigation of the interplay between microstructure and anodic copper dissolution under near-ECM conditions – Part 1: The active state. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Members of the Rhodophyta present different carotenoid profiles. In a majority of the species, lutein constitutes >50% of the total carotenoid content, while in other species, it is replaced by zeaxanthin or antheraxanthin. Given that carotenoids have specific roles in photoprotection, different carotenoid profiles of red algae species could be related to their capacity to cope with photoinhibitory stress. Therefore, in the present work, the sensitivity to light stress of red algal species with different carotenoid profiles was investigated. Photoinhibition of photosynthesis induced by high-light stress and the subsequent recovery in dim-light conditions was measured using maximal PSII quantum efficiency (Fv /Fm ). The degree of decrease and recovery of Fv /Fm and their respective kinetics were related to the carotenoid profile of the species. Although no relationship between sensitivity to high-light stress and the carotenoid profile was observed, there were clear carotenoid profile-related differences in the decrease and recovery kinetics. In species with zeaxanthin or antheraxanthin as the major carotenoid, Fv /Fm reduction and recovery was principally associated with slowly activated and relaxed processes. In contrast, in species with lutein as the major carotenoid, rapidly activated processes appear to play a major role in the down-regulation of photosynthesis during light-stress conditions. In these species, the repair of D1 is also important during light-stress conditions. This finding could imply differential expression of mechanisms involved in photoprotection in red algae that seems to be related to the carotenoid profile of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schubert
- Unidad Académica Puerto Morelos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología. Universidad Autónoma de México, Apto Postal 1152, 77500 Cancún, Quintana Roo, MexicoDepartamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, México. Km 107 carr. Tij-Ens. Ensenada B.C. CP 22860, Mexico
| | - Ernesto García-Mendoza
- Unidad Académica Puerto Morelos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología. Universidad Autónoma de México, Apto Postal 1152, 77500 Cancún, Quintana Roo, MexicoDepartamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, México. Km 107 carr. Tij-Ens. Ensenada B.C. CP 22860, Mexico
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Schwartz AR, O'Donnell CP, Baron J, Schubert N, Alam D, Samadi SD, Smith PL. The hypotonic upper airway in obstructive sleep apnea: role of structures and neuromuscular activity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157:1051-7. [PMID: 9563718 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.157.4.9706067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural properties of the upper airway determine its collapsibility during periods of muscle hypotonia. Both rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and increases in nasal pressure (PN) produce hypotonia, which persists even after nasal pressure is abruptly reduced. To determine the factors that influence the collapsibility of the hypotonic airway, the critical pressure (Pcrit) and nasal resistance upstream to the site of pharyngeal collapse (RN) were measured in the first three breaths after abrupt reductions in PN during non-REM and REM sleep. PN was reduced abruptly from 15.2+/-3.2 cm H2O (mean +/- SD) for three breaths in 19 apneic patients. Upper-airway pressure-flow relationships were analyzed to determine Pcrit for each breath in non-REM and REM sleep. We found that Pcrit rose (collapsibility increased, p < 0.001) and RN fell (p = 0.02) between the first and third breath after the decrease in PN, whereas no difference in Pcrit was detected between sleep stages. In six patients, genioglossus-muscle electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded. Peak phasic activity rose between the first and third breath (p = 0.03), but tonic and peak phasic EMG activity fell in REM as compared with non-REM sleep (p < 0.001). We conclude that the hypotonic upper airway becomes most collapsible by the third breath after an abrupt decrease in PN, regardless of sleep stage and despite an increase in genioglossus-muscle activity. Our findings suggest that predominantly mechanical rather than neuromuscular factors modulate the properties of the pharynx after abrupt reductions in nasal pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Schwartz
- Johns Hopkins Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Schwartz AR, Schubert N, Rothman W, Godley F, Marsh B, Eisele D, Nadeau J, Permutt L, Gleadhill I, Smith PL. Effect of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty on upper airway collapsibility in obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 145:527-32. [PMID: 1546831 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/145.3.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous investigators have demonstrated variable responses to uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. We hypothesized that this variability is due to either (1) differences in baseline pharyngeal collapsibility preoperatively or (2) differences in magnitude of the decrease in pharyngeal collapsibility resulting from surgery. To determine the relationship between changes in collapsibility and the response to UPP surgery, we measured the upper airway critical pressure (Pcrit) before and after UPP in 13 patients with obstructive sleep apnea. During non-REM sleep, maximal inspiratory airflow (VImax) was quantitated by varying the level of nasal pressure (PN), and Pcrit was determined by the level of PN below which VImax ceased. A positive response to UPP was defined by a greater than or equal to 50% fall in non-REM disordered breathing rate (DBR). In the entire group, UPP resulted in significant decreases in DBR from 71.1 +/- 22.4 to 44.7 +/- 38.4 episodes/h (p = 0.025) and in Pcrit from 0.2 +/- 2.4 to -3.1 +/- 5.4 cm H2O (p = 0.016). Moreover, the percent change in DBR was correlated significantly with the change in Pcrit (p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis of responders and nonresponders demonstrated that significant differences in Pcrit were confined to the responders. Specifically, responders demonstrated a significant fall in Pcrit from -0.8 +/- 3.0 to -7.3 +/- 4.9 cm H2O (p = 0.01), whereas no significant change in Pcrit was detected in the nonresponders (1.1 +/- 1.6 versus 0.6 +/- 2.0 cm H2O. No clinical, polysomnographic, or physiologic predictors of a favorable response were found preoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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Schwartz AR, Gold AR, Schubert N, Stryzak A, Wise RA, Permutt S, Smith PL. Effect of weight loss on upper airway collapsibility in obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 144:494-8. [PMID: 1892285 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/144.3_pt_1.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous investigators have demonstrated in patients with obstructive sleep apnea that weight reduction results in a decrease in apnea severity. Although the mechanism for this decrease is not clear, we hypothesize that decreases in upper airway collapsibility account for decreases in apnea severity with weight loss. To determine whether weight loss causes decreases in collapsibility, we measured the upper airway critical pressure (Pcrit) before and after a 17.4 +/- 3.4% (mean +/- SD) reduction in body mass index in 13 patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Thirteen weight-stable control subjects matched for age, body mass index, gender (all men), and non-REM disordered breathing rate (DBR) also were studied before and after usual care intervention. During non-REM sleep, maximal inspiratory airflow was measured by varying the level of nasal pressure and Pcrit was determined by the level of nasal pressure below which maximal inspiratory airflow ceased. In the weight loss group, a significant decrease in DBR from 83.3 +/- 31.0 to 32.5 +/- 35.9 episodes/h and in Pcrit from 3.1 +/- 4.2 to -2.4 +/- 4.4 cm H2O (p less than 0.00001) was demonstrated. Moreover, decreases in Pcrit were associated with nearly complete elimination of apnea in each patient whose Pcrit fell below -4 cm H2O. In contrast, no significant change in DBR and a minimal reduction in Pcrit from 5.2 +/- 2.3 to 4.2 +/- 1.8 cm H2O (p = 0.031) was observed in the "usual care" group. We conclude that (1) weight loss is associated with decreases in upper airway collapsibility in obstructive sleep apnea, and that (2) the resolution of sleep apnea depends on the absolute level to which Pcrit falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Francis Scott Key Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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29
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Gleadhill IC, Schwartz AR, Schubert N, Wise RA, Permutt S, Smith PL. Upper airway collapsibility in snorers and in patients with obstructive hypopnea and apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 143:1300-3. [PMID: 2048817 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/143.6.1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During sleep, mild reduction in inspiratory airflow is associated with snoring, whereas obstructive hypopneas and apneas are associated with more marked reductions in airflow. We determined whether the degree of inspiratory airflow reduction was associated with differences in the collapsibility of the upper airway during sleep. Upper airway collapsibility was defined by the critical pressure (Pcrit) derived from the relationship between maximal inspiratory airflow and nasal pressure. In 10 asymptomatic snorers, six patients with obstructive hypopneas, and 10 patients with obstructive apneas, during nonrapid eye movement sleep, Pcrit ranged from -6.5 +/- 2.7 cm H2O to -1.6 +/- 1.4 and 2.5 +/- 1.5 cm H2O, respectively (mean +/- SD, p less than 0.001). Moreover, higher levels of Pcrit were associated with lower levels of maximal inspiratory airflow during tidal breathing during sleep (p less than 0.005). We conclude that differences in upper airway collapsibility distinguish among groups of normal subjects who snore and patients with periodic hypopneas and apneas. Moreover, the findings suggest that small differences in collapsibility (Pcrit) along a continuum are associated with reduced airflow and altered changes in pattern of breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Gleadhill
- Johns Hopkins Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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