1
|
Strauss L, Junnila A, Wärri A, Manti M, Jiang Y, Löyttyniemi E, Stener-Victorin E, Lagerquist MK, Kukoricza K, Heinosalo T, Blom S, Poutanen M. Consistent and effective method to define the mouse estrous cycle stage by a deep learning-based model. J Endocrinol 2024; 261:e230204. [PMID: 38593833 DOI: 10.1530/joe-23-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The mouse estrous cycle is divided into four stages: proestrus (P), estrus (E), metestrus (M), and diestrus (D). The estrous cycle affects reproductive hormone levels in a wide variety of tissues. Therefore, to obtain reliable results from female mice, it is important to know the estrous cycle stage during sampling. The stage can be analyzed from a vaginal smear under a microscope. However, it is time-consuming, and the results vary between evaluators. Here, we present an accurate and reproducible method for staging the mouse estrous cycle in digital whole-slide images (WSIs) of vaginal smears. We developed a model using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) in a cloud-based platform, Aiforia Create. The CNN was trained by supervised pixel-level multiclass semantic segmentation of image features from 171 hematoxylin-stained samples. The model was validated by comparing the results obtained by CNN with those of four independent researchers. The validation data included three separate studies comprising altogether 148 slides. The total agreement attested by the Fleiss kappa value between the validators and the CNN was excellent (0.75), and when D, E, and P were analyzed separately, the kappa values were 0.89, 0.79, and 0.74, respectively. The M stage is short and not well defined by the researchers. Thus, identification of the M stage by the CNN was challenging due to the lack of proper ground truth, and the kappa value was 0.26. We conclude that our model is reliable and effective for classifying the estrous cycle stages in female mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Strauss
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A Junnila
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A Wärri
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Manti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Jiang
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Löyttyniemi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - E Stener-Victorin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M K Lagerquist
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Kukoricza
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - T Heinosalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - S Blom
- Aiforia Technologies Oyj, Pursimiehenkatu, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Poutanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khalid L, Al-Balushi S, Manoj N, Rather S, Johnson H, Strauss L, Dutta S, Mukerji A. Toward Optimal High Continuous Positive Airway Pressure as Postextubation Support in Preterm Neonates: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Am J Perinatol 2022. [PMID: 35977710 DOI: 10.1055/a-1925-8643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate whether the initial pressure level on high continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP; ≥9 cm H2O), in relation to preextubation mean airway pressure (Paw), influences short-term clinical outcomes in preterm neonates. STUDY DESIGN In this retrospective cohort study, preterm neonates <29 weeks' gestational age (GA) extubated from mean Paw ≥9 cm H2O and to high CPAP (≥9 cm H2O) were classified into "higher level CPAP" (2-3 cm H2O higher than preextubation Paw) and "equivalent CPAP" (-1 to +1 cm H2O in relation to preextubation Paw). Only the first eligible extubation per infant was analyzed. The primary outcome was failure within ≤7 days of extubation, defined as any one or more of (1) need for reintubation, (2) escalation to an alternate noninvasive respiratory support mode, or (3) use of CPAP >preextubation Paw + 3 cm H2O. Secondary outcomes included individual components of the primary outcome, along with other clinical and safety outcomes. RESULTS Over a 10-year period (Jan 2011-Dec 2020), 175 infants were extubated from mean Paw >9 cm H2O to high CPAP pressures. Twenty-seven patients (median GA = 24.7, [interquartile range (IQR)]: (24.0-26.4) weeks and chronological age = 31, IQR: [21-40] days) were classified into the "higher level CPAP" group while 148 infants (median GA = 25.4, IQR: [24.6-26.6] weeks and chronological age = 26, IQR: [10-39] days) comprised the "equivalent CPAP" group. There was no difference in the primary outcome (44 vs. 51%; p = 0.51), including postadjustment for confounders (adjusted OR [aOR] = 0.47 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17-1.29; p = 0.14]). However, reintubation risk within 7 days was lower with higher level CPAP (7 vs. 37%; p < 0.01), including postadjustment (aOR = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.02-0.35; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION In this cohort, use of initial distending CPAP pressures 2 to 3 cm H2O higher than preextubation Paw did not alter the primary outcome of failure but did lower the risk of reintubation. The latter is an interesting hypothesis-generating finding that requires further confirmation. KEY POINTS · Use of high CPAP pressures (≥9 cm H2O) is gradually increasing in the care of preterm neonates.. · This study compares higher level versus equivalent CPAP in relation to preextubation Paw.. · The findings demonstrate no difference in failure as defined with use of higher level CPAP pressures..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lana Khalid
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Said Al-Balushi
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nandita Manoj
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sufyan Rather
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Strauss
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sourabh Dutta
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Mukerji
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Christofides A, Strauss L, Yeo A, Cao C, Charest A, Boussiotis VA. The complex role of tumor-infiltrating macrophages. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1148-1156. [PMID: 35879449 PMCID: PMC10754321 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long recognized as an evolutionarily ancient cell type involved in tissue homeostasis and immune defense against pathogens, macrophages are being re-discovered as regulators of several diseases, including cancer. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the most abundant innate immune population in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Macrophages are professional phagocytic cells of the hematopoietic system specializing in the detection, phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria and other harmful micro-organisms, apoptotic cells and metabolic byproducts. In contrast to these healthy macrophage functions, TAMs support cancer cell growth and metastasis and mediate immunosuppressive effects on the adaptive immune cells of the TME. Cancer is one of the most potent insults on macrophage physiology, inducing changes that are intimately linked with disease progression. In this Review, we outline hallmarks of TAMs and discuss the emerging mechanisms that contribute to their pathophysiological adaptations and the vulnerabilities that provide attractive targets for therapeutic exploitation in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthos Christofides
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Strauss
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Sanofi /Tidal, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alan Yeo
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carol Cao
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alain Charest
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Strauss L, Mahmoud MAA, Weaver JD, Tijaro-Ovalle NM, Christofides A, Wang Q, Pal R, Yuan M, Asara J, Patsoukis N, Boussiotis VA. Targeted deletion of PD-1 in myeloid cells induces antitumor immunity. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/43/eaay1863. [PMID: 31901074 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aay1863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PD-1, a T cell checkpoint receptor and target of cancer immunotherapy, is also expressed on myeloid cells. The role of myeloid-specific versus T cell-specific PD-1 ablation on antitumor immunity has remained unclear because most studies have used either PD-1-blocking antibodies or complete PD-1 KO mice. We generated a conditional allele, which allowed myeloid-specific (PD-1f/fLysMcre) or T cell-specific (PD-1f/fCD4cre) targeting of Pdcd1 gene. Compared with T cell-specific PD-1 ablation, myeloid cell-specific PD-1 ablation more effectively decreased tumor growth. We found that granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (GMPs), which accumulate during cancer-driven emergency myelopoiesis and give rise to myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), express PD-1. In tumor-bearing PD-1f/fLysMcre but not PD-1f/fCD4cre mice, accumulation of GMP and MDSC was prevented, whereas systemic output of effector myeloid cells was increased. Myeloid cell-specific PD-1 ablation induced an increase of T effector memory cells with improved functionality and mediated antitumor protection despite preserved PD-1 expression in T cells. In PD-1-deficient myeloid progenitors, growth factors driving emergency myelopoiesis induced increased metabolic intermediates of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and TCA cycle but, most prominently, elevated cholesterol. Because cholesterol is required for differentiation of inflammatory macrophages and DC and promotes antigen-presenting function, our findings indicate that metabolic reprogramming of emergency myelopoiesis and differentiation of effector myeloid cells might be a key mechanism of antitumor immunity mediated by PD-1 blockade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Strauss
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mohamed A A Mahmoud
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jessica D Weaver
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Natalia M Tijaro-Ovalle
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anthos Christofides
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rinku Pal
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Min Yuan
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John Asara
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nikolaos Patsoukis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bardhan K, Aksoylar HI, Le Bourgeois T, Strauss L, Weaver JD, Delcuze B, Charest A, Patsoukis N, Boussiotis VA. Publisher Correction: Phosphorylation of PD-1-Y248 is a marker of PD-1-mediated inhibitory function in human T cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15905. [PMID: 32963251 PMCID: PMC7508980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kankana Bardhan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Halil-Ibrahim Aksoylar
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Thibault Le Bourgeois
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Institute of Nice, Medical University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Laura Strauss
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jessica D Weaver
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Jounce Therapeutics, 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bethany Delcuze
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Alain Charest
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nikolaos Patsoukis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Programmed Death-1 (PD-1; CD279) is an inhibitory receptor induced in activated T cells. PD-1 engagement by its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, maintains peripheral tolerance but also compromises anti-tumor immunity. Blocking antibodies against PD-1 or its ligands have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. However, only a fraction of patients develop durable antitumor responses. Clinical outcomes have reached a plateau without substantial advances by combinatorial approaches. Thus, great interest has recently emerged to investigate, in depth, the mechanisms by which the PD-1 pathway transmits inhibitory signals with the goal to identify molecular targets for improvement of the therapeutic success. These efforts have revealed unpredictable dimensions of the pathway and uncovered novel mechanisms involved in PD-1 and PD-L1 regulation and function. Here, we provide an overview of the recent advances on the mechanistic aspects of the PD-1 pathway and discuss the implications of these new discoveries and the gaps that remain to be filled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Patsoukis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Laura Strauss
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Porta C, Consonni FM, Morlacchi S, Sangaletti S, Bleve A, Totaro MG, Larghi P, Rimoldi M, Tripodo C, Strauss L, Banfi S, Storto M, Pressiani T, Rimassa L, Tartari S, Ippolito A, Doni A, Soldà G, Duga S, Piccolo V, Ostuni R, Natoli G, Bronte V, Balzac F, Turco E, Hirsch E, Colombo MP, Sica A. Tumor-Derived Prostaglandin E2 Promotes p50 NF-κB-Dependent Differentiation of Monocytic MDSCs. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2874-2888. [PMID: 32265223 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) include immature monocytic (M-MDSC) and granulocytic (PMN-MDSC) cells that share the ability to suppress adaptive immunity and to hinder the effectiveness of anticancer treatments. Of note, in response to IFNγ, M-MDSCs release the tumor-promoting and immunosuppressive molecule nitric oxide (NO), whereas macrophages largely express antitumor properties. Investigating these opposing activities, we found that tumor-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces nuclear accumulation of p50 NF-κB in M-MDSCs, diverting their response to IFNγ toward NO-mediated immunosuppression and reducing TNFα expression. At the genome level, p50 NF-κB promoted binding of STAT1 to regulatory regions of selected IFNγ-dependent genes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2). In agreement, ablation of p50 as well as pharmacologic inhibition of either the PGE2 receptor EP2 or NO production reprogrammed M-MDSCs toward a NOS2low/TNFαhigh phenotype, restoring the in vivo antitumor activity of IFNγ. Our results indicate that inhibition of the PGE2/p50/NO axis prevents MDSC-suppressive functions and restores the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Tumor-derived PGE2-mediated induction of nuclear p50 NF-κB epigenetically reprograms the response of monocytic cells to IFNγ toward an immunosuppressive phenotype, thus retrieving the anticancer properties of IFNγ. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/13/2874/F1.large.jpg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Porta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases (CAAD) Cso Trieste 15/A, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Sara Morlacchi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Augusto Bleve
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | | | - Paola Larghi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Rimoldi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Strauss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Stefania Banfi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Storto
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pressiani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Rimassa
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tartari
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ippolito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Doni
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Soldà
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Piccolo
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Ostuni
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Fiorella Balzac
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilia Turco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Sica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy. .,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sipilä P, Junnila A, Hakkarainen J, Huhtaniemi R, Mairinoja L, Zhang FP, Strauss L, Ohlsson C, Kotaja N, Huhtaniemi I, Poutanen M. The lack of HSD17B3 in male mice results in disturbed Leydig cell maturation and endocrine imbalance akin to humans with HSD17B3 deficiency. FASEB J 2020; 34:6111-6128. [PMID: 32190925 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902384r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase type 3 (HSD17B3) deficiency causes a disorder of sex development in humans, where affected males are born with female-appearing external genitalia, but are virilized during puberty. The hormonal disturbances observed in the Hsd17b3 knockout mice (HSD17B3KO), generated in the present study, mimic those found in patients with HSD17B3 mutations. Identical to affected humans, serum T in the adult HSD17B3KO mice was within the normal range, while a striking increase was detected in serum A-dione concentration. This resulted in a marked reduction of the serum T/A-dione ratio, a diagnostic hallmark for the patients with HSD17B3 deficiency. However, unlike humans, male HSD17B3KO mice were born with normally virilized phenotype, but presenting with delayed puberty. In contrast to the current belief, data from HSD17B3KO mice show that the circulating T largely originates from the testes, indicating a strong compensatory mechanism in the absence of HSD17B3. The lack of testicular malignancies in HSD17B3KO mice supports the view that testis tumors in human patients are due to associated cryptorchidism. The HSD17B3KO mice presented also with impaired Leydig cell maturation and signs of undermasculinization in adulthood. The identical hormonal disturbances between HSD17B3 deficient knockout mice and human patients make the current mouse model valuable for understanding the mechanism of the patient phenotypes, as well as endocrinopathies and compensatory steroidogenic mechanisms in HSD17B3 deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Sipilä
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A Junnila
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - J Hakkarainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - R Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - L Mairinoja
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - F P Zhang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - L Strauss
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - C Ohlsson
- Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - N Kotaja
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - I Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Poutanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yeo A, Delcuze B, Strauss L, Boussiotis V, Charest A. IMMU-31. DRIVER GENE MUTATIONS DICTATE THE COMPOSITION OF THE IMMUNE LANDSCAPE OF GLIOBLASTOMA AND CONFER SELECTIVE RESPONSE TO IMMUNOTHERAPY. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The characterization of the immune landscape of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is rapidly emerging. Current immunotherapeutic efforts for GBM would benefit from a comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of the relationship between distinct driver gene mutations and the composition and function of the immune tumor microenvironment. The majority of GBM tumors overexpress EGFR and EGFRvIII and ~40% are mutated for PTEN. Using genetically engineered and accurate preclinical mouse models of GBM built on combinations of these driver genes, we demonstrate that the compositions of the immune landscape and the response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy vary according to the genotype of the GBM. Mechanistically, we show that signaling networks downstream of EGFR and PTEN establish chemokine and cytokine profiles that parallel the levels of intra-tumoral polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells. Additionally, tumor-associated microglia/macrophages number, function and polarization are heavily influenced by specific driver-gene mutation combinations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that efficacy of checkpoint blockade therapy using anti PD-1 as a single agent or in combination with anti CTLA-4 is dependent on EGFR and PTEN status. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that important components of the tumor immune microenvironment are influenced by specific driver gene mutations. Our results suggest that stratifying patients based on tumor genotype or signaling events may be informative for selection of appropriate candidates for checkpoint blockade therapy and present an opportunity to pharmacologically modulate GBM signaling with targeted therapeutics to sensitize patients to immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Yeo
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Laura Strauss
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Al Charest
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Le Bourgeois T, Strauss L, Aksoylar HI, Daneshmandi S, Seth P, Patsoukis N, Boussiotis VA. Targeting T Cell Metabolism for Improvement of Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:237. [PMID: 30123774 PMCID: PMC6085483 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been significant progress in utilizing our immune system against cancer, mainly by checkpoint blockade and T cell-mediated therapies. The field of cancer immunotherapy is growing rapidly but durable clinical benefits occur only in a small subset of responding patients. It is currently recognized that cancer creates a suppressive metabolic microenvironment, which contributes to ineffective immune function. Metabolism is a common cellular feature, and although there has been significant progress in understanding the detrimental role of metabolic changes of the tumor microenvironment (TEM) in immune cells, there is still much to be learned regarding unique targetable pathways. Elucidation of cancer and immune cell metabolic profiles is critical for identifying mechanisms that regulate metabolic reprogramming within the TEM. Metabolic targets that mediate immunosuppression and are fundamental in sustaining tumor growth can be exploited therapeutically for the development of approaches to increase the efficacy of immunotherapies. Here, we will highlight the importance of metabolism on the function of tumor-associated immune cells and will address the role of key metabolic determinants that might be targets of therapeutic intervention for improvement of tumor immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Le Bourgeois
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Laura Strauss
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Halil-Ibrahim Aksoylar
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Saeed Daneshmandi
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nikolaos Patsoukis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mayer C, Adam M, Walenta L, Schmid N, Heikelä H, Schubert K, Flenkenthaler F, Dietrich KG, Gruschka S, Arnold GJ, Fröhlich T, Schwarzer JU, Köhn FM, Strauss L, Welter H, Poutanen M, Mayerhofer A. Insights into the role of androgen receptor in human testicular peritubular cells. Andrology 2018; 6:756-765. [PMID: 29869453 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Contractile smooth muscle-like peritubular cells build the wall of seminiferous tubules in men. They are crucial for sperm transport and complement the functions of Sertoli cells by secreting factors, including glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. Previous studies revealed that they also secrete the chemokine C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), which has known roles in spermatogenesis. Peritubular cells express the androgen receptor (AR), which is retained in isolated human testicular peritubular cells. We aimed to explore AR-regulated functions in human testicular peritubular cells. Bearing in mind that infertile men often have high aromatase activity, which may lower intratesticular androgen concentrations, an animal model for male infertility was studied. These mice display an age-dependent loss in spermatogenesis due to high aromatase activity. Human testicular peritubular cells were exposed to dihydrotestosterone or the antiandrogen flutamide. We studied AR, smooth muscle cell markers, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and 15 secreted factors previously identified, including CXCL12. We used qPCR, Western blotting, ELISA or selected reaction monitoring (SRM). In the animal model for male infertility, we employed qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Dihydrotestosterone increased AR and flutamide prevented these actions. The smooth muscle cell markers calponin and smooth muscle actin were likewise increased, while cell size or cellular proliferation was not changed. Dihydrotestosterone did not increase glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor or CXCL12 secretion but increased levels of serine proteinase inhibitor (SERPIN) E1. The animal model for male infertility with high aromatase activity showed reduced numbers of AR-immunoreactive testicular peritubular cells, suggesting that altered androgen and/or oestrogen levels could influence AR-mediated responses in peritubular cells. Androgens act on human testicular peritubular cells to enhance AR levels, their contractile phenotype and to modulate the secretion of some secreted factors. This study suggests that some aspects of human peritubular cell functions are regulated by androgens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Mayer
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - M Adam
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - L Walenta
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - N Schmid
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - H Heikelä
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - K Schubert
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - F Flenkenthaler
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - K-G Dietrich
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - S Gruschka
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - G J Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - T Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - L Strauss
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - H Welter
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - M Poutanen
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A Mayerhofer
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hage C, Hoves S, Ashoff M, Strauss L, Perro M, Herting F, Kiessling F, Pöschinger T. Orthotopic HCC mouse models to predict response to immunotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Abstract
Die richtige Dosierung des 90Y für die intracavitäre Therapie bei monocystischen Craniopharyngiomen setzt die genaue Bestimmung des Cystenvolumens voraus. Der intraoperativen Volumenbestimmung mittels Radionuklid-Verdünnungsanalyse wurde die präoperative Volumetrie mit Hilfe von Computertomographieaufnahmen gegenübergestellt. Die Ergebnisse beider Verfahren zeigten eine gute übereinstimmung. Zur frühzeitigen Erkennung von Komplikationen werden Aufnahmen mit der Gammakamera als notwendig erachtet.
Collapse
|
14
|
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Strauss
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nikolaos Patsoukis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Patsoukis N, Bardhan K, Weaver JD, Sari D, Torres-Gomez A, Li L, Strauss L, Lafuente EM, Boussiotis VA. The adaptor molecule RIAM integrates signaling events critical for integrin-mediated control of immune function and cancer progression. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/493/eaam8298. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam8298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
16
|
Sica A, Strauss L, Consonni FM, Travelli C, Genazzani A, Porta C. Metabolic regulation of suppressive myeloid cells in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 35:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
17
|
Strauss L, Weaver J, Freeman GJ, Boussiotis VA. PD-1 blockade alters fate commitment of myeloid progenitors during tumor-mediated “emergency” myelopoiesis. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.56.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
PD-1 is an immune inhibitory receptor for which blocking agents have achieved significant success as anti-cancer therapeutics. The mechanism(s) of the how PD-1 compromises anti-tumor function and how such effect is reversed by PD-1 blockade remain poorly understood. The rapid change in hematopoietic output that occurs in response to immunologic stress is known as “emergency” myelopoiesis. This process is co-opted by tumors to enhance the generation of tumor-promoting myeloid cells, mostly undifferentiated myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We analyzed the myeloid compartment of tumor-bearing mice and determined that myeloid cells express PD-1 and PD-L1. Using PD-1 KO mice or WT mice treated with PD-1 blocking antibody in cancer-driven myelopoiesis experiments we determined a cell-switch fate from MDSCs to effector myeloid cells. PD-1 deletion or blockade, which impaired tumor growth and metastases, stimulated the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and resulted in increase of Ly6Chimonocytes and monocyte-derived DC (mo-DC). Abrogation of PD-1 signaling enhanced the maturation of MDSCs by inducing the lineage commitment transcription factors IRF8, IRF4 and RORC1. IRF8 and IRF4 promote monocytes/macrophage and hinder granulocyte differentiation, whereas RORC1 is required for expansion of Ly6Chi monocytes and resolution of inflammation. These results reveal a role of the PD-1:PD-L1 pathway in the differentiation of lineage-committed myeloid progenitors to promote undifferentiated MDSCs and suppress effector monocytes/DCs. Switch of myeloid progenitor fate commitment might be a key mechanism by which PD-1 blockade mediates anti-tumor function.
Collapse
|
18
|
Patsoukis N, Weaver JD, Strauss L, Herbel C, Seth P, Boussiotis VA. Immunometabolic Regulations Mediated by Coinhibitory Receptors and Their Impact on T Cell Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2017; 8:330. [PMID: 28443090 PMCID: PMC5387055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Host immunity provides wide spectrum protection that serves to eradicate pathogens and cancer cells, while maintaining self-tolerance and immunological homeostasis. Ligation of the T cell receptor (TCR) by antigen activates signaling pathways that coordinately induce aerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial activity, anabolic metabolism, and T effector cell differentiation. Activation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR triggers the switch to anabolic metabolism by inducing transcription factors such as Myc and HIF1, and the glucose transporter Glut1, which is pivotal for the increase of glucose uptake after T cell activation. Activation of MAPK signaling is required for glucose and glutamine utilization, whereas activation of AMPK is critical for energy balance and metabolic fitness of T effector and memory cells. Coinhibitory receptors target TCR-proximal signaling and generation of second messengers. Imbalanced activation of such signaling pathways leads to diminished rates of aerobic glycolysis and impaired mitochondrial function resulting in defective anabolic metabolism and altered T cell differentiation. The coinhibitory receptors mediate distinct and synergistic effects on the activation of signaling pathways thereby modifying metabolic programs of activated T cells and resulting in altered immune functions. Understanding and therapeutic targeting of metabolic programs impacted by coinhibitory receptors might have significant clinical implications for the treatment of chronic infections, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Patsoukis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica D Weaver
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Strauss
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Herbel
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sica A, Strauss L. Energy metabolism drives myeloid-derived suppressor cell differentiation and functions in pathology. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:325-334. [PMID: 28223316 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4mr1116-476r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with major regulatory functions has been described in cancer and other pathologic conditions and ultimately defined as MDSCs. Most of the early work on the origins and functions of MDSCs has been in murine and human tumor bearers in which MDSCs are known to be immunosuppressive and to result in both reduced immune surveillance and antitumor cytotoxicity. More recent studies, however, suggest that expansion of these immature myeloid cells may be linked to most, if not all, chronic and acute inflammatory processes. The universal expansion to inflammatory stimuli of MDSCs suggests that these cells may be more of a normal component of the inflammatory response (emergency myelopoiesis) than simply a pathologic response to a growing tumor. Instead of an adverse immunosuppressive response, expansion of these immature myeloid cell populations may result from a complex balance between increased immune surveillance and dampened adaptive immune responses that are common to many inflammatory responses. Within this scenario, new pathways of metabolic reprogramming are emerging as drivers of MDSC differentiation and functions in cancer and inflammatory disorders, crucially linking metabolic syndrome to inflammatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro," Novara, Italy; .,Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Strauss
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Evans TRJ, Van Cutsem E, Moore MJ, Bazin IS, Rosemurgy A, Bodoky G, Deplanque G, Harrison M, Melichar B, Pezet D, Elekes A, Rock E, Lin C, Strauss L, O'Dwyer PJ. Phase 2 placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of dasatinib added to gemcitabine for patients with locally-advanced pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:354-361. [PMID: 27998964 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a high mortality rate with limited treatment options. Gemcitabine provides a marginal survival benefit for patients with advanced PDAC. Dasatinib is a competitive inhibitor of Src kinase, which is overexpressed in PDAC tumors. Dasatinib and gemcitabine were combined in a phase 1 clinical trial where stable disease was achieved in two of eight patients with gemcitabine-refractory PDAC. Patients and methods This placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, phase II study compared the combination of gemcitabine plus dasatinib to gemcitabine plus placebo in patients with locally advanced, non-metastatic PDAC. Patients received gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 (30-min IV infusion) on days 1, 8, 15 of a 28-day cycle combined with either 100 mg oral dasatinib or placebo tablets daily. The primary objective was overall survival (OS), with safety and progression-free survival (PFS) as secondary objectives. Exploratory endpoints included overall response rate, freedom from distant metastasis, pain and fatigue progression and response rate, and CA19-9 response rate. Results There was no statistically significant difference in OS between the two treatment groups (HR = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81-1.65; P = 0.5656). Secondary and exploratory endpoint analyses also showed no statistically significant differences. The burden of toxicity was higher in the dasatinib arm. Conclusions Dasatinib failed to show increased OS or PFS in patients with locally advanced PDAC. Alternative combinations or trial designs may show a role for src inhibition in PDAC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T R J Evans
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - E Van Cutsem
- Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M J Moore
- Princess Margaret Cancer, Toronto, Canada
| | - I S Bazin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Dubna, Russia
| | - A Rosemurgy
- Surgery, Florida Hospital, Tampa, Tampa, USA
| | - G Bodoky
- Oncology, St.László Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G Deplanque
- Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Harrison
- East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Northwood, Middlesex, UK
| | - B Melichar
- Department of Oncology, Lekarska Fakulta Univerzity Palackeho a Fakultni Nemocnice, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - D Pezet
- CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Elekes
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization, Princeton
| | - E Rock
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization, Princeton
| | - C Lin
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization, Princeton
| | - L Strauss
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton
| | - P J O'Dwyer
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vavricka S, Ruiz PA, Scharl S, Biedermann L, Scharl M, de Vallière C, Lundby C, Wenger RH, Held L, Merz TM, Gassmann M, Lutz T, Kunz A, Bron D, Fontana A, Strauss L, Weber A, Fried M, Rogler G, Zeitz J. Protocol for a prospective, controlled, observational study to evaluate the influence of hypoxia on healthy volunteers and patients with inflammatory bowel disease: the Altitude IBD Study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013477. [PMID: 28057654 PMCID: PMC5223677 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal disorder, often leading to an impaired quality of life in affected patients. The importance of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of IBD, including their disease-modifying potential, is increasingly recognised. Hypoxia seems to be an important driver of inflammation, as has been reported by our group and others. The aim of the study is to evaluate if hypoxia can alter disease activity of IBD measured by Harvey-Bradshaw Activity Index in Crohn's disease (increase to ≥5 points) and the partial Mayo Score for ulcerative colitis (increase to ≥2 points). To test the effects of hypoxia under standardised conditions, we designed a prospective and controlled investigation in healthy controls and patients with IBD in stable remission. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a prospective, controlled and observational study. Participants undergo a 3-hour exposure to hypoxic conditions simulating an altitude of 4000 metres above sea level (m.a.s.l.) in a hypobaric pressure chamber. Clinical parameters, as well as blood and stool samples and biopsies from the sigmoid colon are collected at subsequent time points. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Kanton Zurich (reference KEK-ZH-number 2013-0284). The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and shared with the worldwide medical community. TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02849821; Pre-results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Vavricka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Gastroenterology, Triemli Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Scharl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luc Biedermann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Lundby
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leonhard Held
- Institute of Biostatistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias M Merz
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Max Gassmann
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima, Peru
| | - Thomas Lutz
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andres Kunz
- Swiss Aeromedical Center, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Denis Bron
- Swiss Aeromedical Center, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Fontana
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Strauss
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Weber
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Fried
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Zeitz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mayer C, Adam M, Glashauser L, Dietrich K, Schwarzer JU, Köhn FM, Strauss L, Welter H, Poutanen M, Mayerhofer A. Sterile inflammation as a factor in human male infertility: Involvement of Toll like receptor 2, biglycan and peritubular cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37128. [PMID: 27849015 PMCID: PMC5111051 DOI: 10.1038/srep37128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the wall of seminiferous tubules in men with impaired spermatogenesis imply sterile inflammation of the testis. We tested the hypothesis that the cells forming the wall of seminiferous tubules, human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs), orchestrate inflammatory events and that Toll like receptors (TLRs) and danger signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM) of this wall are involved. In cultured HTPCs we detected TLRs, including TLR2. A TLR-2 ligand (PAM) augmented interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in HTPCs. The ECM-derived proteoglycan biglycan (BGN) is secreted by HTPCs and may be a TLR2-ligand at HTPCs. In support, recombinant human BGN increased PTX3, MCP-1 and IL-6 in HTPCs. Variable endogenous BGN levels in HTPCs derived from different men and differences in BGN levels in the tubular wall in infertile men were observed. In testes of a systemic mouse model for male infertility, testicular sterile inflammation and elevated estradiol (E2) levels, BGN was also elevated. Hence we studied the role of E2 in HTPCs and observed that E2 elevated the levels of BGN. The anti-estrogen ICI 182,780 blocked this action. We conclude that TLR2 and BGN contribute to sterile inflammation and infertility in man.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Mayer
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - M Adam
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling and Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FL-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - L Glashauser
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - K Dietrich
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | | | - F-M Köhn
- Andrologicum, D-80331 Munich, Germany
| | - L Strauss
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling and Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FL-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - H Welter
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - M Poutanen
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling and Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FL-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - A Mayerhofer
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Strauss L, Chabane W, Sherriff A, Loots C. O14. Inter-observer variation of prostate delineation on CT and MR: A multidisciplinary study. Phys Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
24
|
Polari L, Yatkin E, Martínez Chacón MG, Ahotupa M, Smeds A, Strauss L, Zhang F, Poutanen M, Saarinen N, Mäkelä SI. Weight gain and inflammation regulate aromatase expression in male adipose tissue, as evidenced by reporter gene activity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 412:123-30. [PMID: 26054748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation are associated with enhanced aromatization in women, but little is known about the regulation of aromatase (CYP19A1) gene expression in male WAT. We investigated the impact of weight gain and WAT inflammation on the regulation of CYP19A1 in males, by utilizing the hARO-Luc aromatase reporter mouse model containing a >100-kb 5'-region of the human CYP19A1 gene. We show that hARO-Luc reporter activity is enhanced in WAT of mice with increased adiposity and inflammation. Dexamethasone and TNFα, as well as forskolin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, upregulate hARO-Luc activity, suggesting the involvement of promoters I.4 and I.3/II. Furthermore, we show that diet enriched with antioxidative plant polyphenols attenuates WAT inflammation and hARO-Luc activity in obese males. In conclusion, our data suggest that obesity-associated WAT inflammation leads to increased peripheral CYP19A1 expression in males, and that polyphenol-enriched diet may have the potential to attenuate excessive aromatization in WAT of obese men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Polari
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - E Yatkin
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M G Martínez Chacón
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Ahotupa
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A Smeds
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Turku, Finland
| | - L Strauss
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - F Zhang
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - M Poutanen
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - N Saarinen
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - S I Mäkelä
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Strauss L, Sangaletti S, Consonni FM, Szebeni G, Morlacchi S, Totaro MG, Porta C, Anselmo A, Tartari S, Doni A, Zitelli F, Tripodo C, Colombo MP, Sica A. RORC1 Regulates Tumor-Promoting "Emergency" Granulo-Monocytopoiesis. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:253-69. [PMID: 26267538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-driven granulo-monocytopoiesis stimulates expansion of tumor promoting myeloid populations, mostly myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We identified subsets of MDSCs and TAMs based on the expression of retinoic-acid-related orphan receptor (RORC1/RORγ) in human and mouse tumor bearers. RORC1 orchestrates myelopoiesis by suppressing negative (Socs3 and Bcl3) and promoting positive (C/EBPβ) regulators of granulopoiesis, as well as the key transcriptional mediators of myeloid progenitor commitment and differentiation to the monocytic/macrophage lineage (IRF8 and PU.1). RORC1 supported tumor-promoting innate immunity by protecting MDSCs from apoptosis, mediating TAM differentiation and M2 polarization, and limiting tumor infiltration by mature neutrophils. Accordingly, ablation of RORC1 in the hematopoietic compartment prevented cancer-driven myelopoiesis, resulting in inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Granulocytes/metabolism
- Granulocytes/pathology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Monocytes/pathology
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Myeloid Cells/pathology
- Myelopoiesis/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Burden/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Strauss
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Sangaletti
- Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Consonni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro," Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gabor Szebeni
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Morlacchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Totaro
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Porta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro," Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Achille Anselmo
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tartari
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Doni
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Zitelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro," Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Sica
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro," Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Müller AF, Strauss L, Greter M, Gast H, Recher M, Becher B, Fontana A. Neutralization of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor prevents sickness behavior syndrome by reprogramming inflammatory monocytes to produce IL-10. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 48:78-85. [PMID: 25749482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickness behavior syndrome (SBS) as characterized by fatigue and depression impairs quality of life in patients with inflammatory diseases caused by infections and autoimmunity. Systemic engagement of CD40 in mice leads to an inflammatory syndrome with acute hepatitis, lymphadenopathy and development of SBS as evidenced by induction of sleep and weight loss. In the study presented here we show that the elimination of resident tissue macrophages in mice by antibody-mediated neutralization of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) did not prevent CD40 induced hepatitis, but conferred resistance to the development of SBS. The protective effect of CSF1R mAb on weight loss and behavior changes induced by CD40 activation coincided with the transformation of pro-inflammatory monocytes to IL-10 producing myeloid cells. In IL-10 knockout mice CSF1R neutralization failed to exert protection from the occurrence of SBS. This study establishes the unexpected key role of CSF1R in the polarization of inflammatory monocytes and thereby SBS in inflammatory liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Strauss
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heidemarie Gast
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Berne, Switzerland
| | - Mike Recher
- Immunodeficiency Clinic, Department Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Fontana
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Affiliation(s)
- L Strauss
- Department of Anaesthesia, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Evans J, Moore M, Van Cutsem E, Rock E, Strauss L, ODwyer P. Phase 2 Double-Blind, Placebo–Controlled Trial of Dasatinib Added to Gemcitabine for Subjects with Locally-Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (LAPC). Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu193.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
29
|
Schuler PJ, Harasymczuk M, Schilling B, Saze Z, Strauss L, Lang S, Johnson JT, Whiteside TL. Effects of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy on the frequency and function of regulatory T cells in patients with head and neck cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:6585-96. [PMID: 24097865 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regulatory T cells (Treg) accumulate in tumor tissues and the peripheral blood of cancer patients and may persist after therapies. This cross-sectional study examines effects of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on Treg numbers and function in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The frequency and absolute numbers of CD4(+), ATP-hydrolyzing CD4(+)CD39(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and expression levels of CD39, CD25, TGF-β-associated LAP and GARP on Treg were measured by flow cytometry in 40 healthy donors (NC) and 71 HNSCC patients [29 untreated with active disease (AD); 22 treated with surgery; 20 treated with CRT]. All treated subjects had no evident disease (NED) at the time of phlebotomy. In an additional cohort of 40 subjects with AD (n = 15), NED (n = 10), and NC (n = 15), in vitro sensitivity of CD4(+) T-cell subsets to cisplatin and activation-induced cell death (AICD) was tested in Annexin V-binding assays. RESULTS CRT decreased the frequency of circulating CD4(+) T cells (P < 0.002) but increased that of CD4(+)CD39(+) Treg (P ≤ 0.001) compared with untreated or surgery-only patients. Treg frequency remained elevated for >3 years. CRT increased surface expression of LAP, GARP, and CD39 on Treg. In vitro Treg were resistant to AICD or cisplatin but conventional CD4(+) T cells (Tconv) were not. CRT-induced Treg from AD or NC subjects upregulated prosurvival proteins whereas Tconv upregulated proapoptotic Bax. CONCLUSIONS Highly suppressive, cisplatin-resistant Treg increase in frequency and persist after CRT and could be responsible for suppression of antitumor immune responses and recurrence in HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Schuler
- Authors' Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Departments of Pathology, Immunology, and Otolaryngology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Essen, Germany; and Department of Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Porta C, Riboldi E, Totaro MG, Strauss L, Sica A, Mantovani A. Macrophages in cancer and infectious diseases: the 'good' and the 'bad'. Immunotherapy 2012; 3:1185-202. [PMID: 21995571 DOI: 10.2217/imt.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial orchestrators of host defence and tissue homeostasis. Macrophages are heterogeneous and plastic cells that in response to different microenvironmental signals can mount a broad spectrum of different programs of polarized activation. In different pathological contexts including cancer and infectious diseases, macrophages diversity and plasticity may act as a double-edged sword. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying macrophages recruitment and functional activation allows the identification of valuable targets for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Porta
- DiSCAFF, University of Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Adam M, Urbanski HF, Garyfallou VT, Welsch U, Köhn FM, Ullrich Schwarzer J, Strauss L, Poutanen M, Mayerhofer A. High levels of the extracellular matrix proteoglycan decorin are associated with inhibition of testicular function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 35:550-61. [PMID: 22413766 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Decorin (DCN), a component of the extracellular matrix of the peritubular wall and the interstitial areas of the human testis, can interact with growth factor (GF) signalling, thereby blocking downstream actions of GFs. In the present study the expression and regulation of DCN using both human testes and two experimental animal models, namely the rhesus monkey and mouse, were examined. DCN protein was present in peritubular and interstitial areas of adult human and monkey testes, while it was almost undetectable in adult wild type mice. Interestingly, the levels and sites of testicular DCN expression in the monkeys were inversely correlated with testicular maturation markers. A strong DCN expression associated with the abundant connective tissue of the interstitial areas in the postnatal through pre-pubertal phases was observed. In adult and old monkeys the DCN pattern was similar to the one in normal human testes, presenting strong expression at the peritubular region. In the testes of both infertile men and in a mouse model of inflammation associated infertility (aromatase-overexpressing transgenic mice), the fibrotic changes and increased numbers of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-producing immune cells were shown to be associated with increased production of DCN. Furthermore, studies with human testicular peritubular cells isolated from fibrotic testis indicated that TNF-α significantly increased DCN production. The data, thus, show that an increased DCN level is associated with impaired testicular function, supporting our hypothesis that DCN interferes with paracrine signalling of the testis in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Adam
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sica A, Porta C, Morlacchi S, Banfi S, Strauss L, Rimoldi M, Totaro MG, Riboldi E. Origin and Functions of Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells (TAMCs). Cancer Microenviron 2011; 5:133-49. [PMID: 21948460 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-011-0091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The construction of an inflammatory microenvironment provides the fuel for cancer development and progression. Hence, solid tumors promote the expansion and the recruitment of leukocyte populations, among which tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs) represent a paradigm for cancer-promoting inflammation. TAMCs group heterogeneous phagocytic populations stemming from a common myeloid progenitor (CMP), that orchestrate various aspects of cancer, including: diversion and skewing of adaptive responses; immunosuppression; cell growth; angiogenesis; matrix deposition and remodelling; construction of a metastatic niche and actual metastasis. Several evidence indicate that TAMCs show plasticity and/or functional heterogeneity, suggesting that tumour-derived factors promote their functional "reprogramming" towards protumoral activities. While recent studies have attempted to address the role of microenvironment signals, the interplay between cancer cells, innate and adaptive immunity is now emerging as a crucial step of the TAMCs reprogramming. Here we discuss the evidence for the differentiation of TAMCs during the course of tumor progression and the molecular mechanisms that regulate such event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sica
- DiSCAFF, University of Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Adam M, Schwarzer J, Köhn F, Strauss L, Poutanen M, Mayerhofer A. Mast cell tryptase stimulates production of decorin by human testicular peritubular cells: possible role of decorin in male infertility by interfering with growth factor signaling. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:2613-25. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
34
|
Kidd T, O'Shea A, Boyle K, Wallace J, Strauss L. Synthesis of freestanding HfO2 nanostructures. Nanoscale Res Lett 2011; 6:294. [PMID: 21711786 PMCID: PMC3211360 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two new methods for synthesizing nanostructured HfO2 have been developed. The first method entails exposing HfTe2 powders to air. This simple process resulted in the formation of nanometer scale crystallites of HfO2. The second method involved a two-step heating process by which macroscopic, freestanding nanosheets of HfO2 were formed as a byproduct during the synthesis of HfTe2. These highly two-dimensional sheets had side lengths measuring up to several millimeters and were stable enough to be manipulated with tweezers and other instruments. The thickness of the sheets ranged from a few to a few hundred nanometers. The thinnest sheets appeared transparent when viewed in a scanning electron microscope. It was found that the presence of Mn enhanced the formation of HfO2 by exposure to ambient conditions and was necessary for the formation of the large scale nanosheets. These results present new routes to create freestanding nanostructured hafnium dioxide.PACS: 81.07.-b, 61.46.Hk, 68.37.Hk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Kidd
- Physics Department, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA
| | - Aaron O'Shea
- Physics Department, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA
| | - Kayla Boyle
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA
| | - Jeff Wallace
- Physics Department, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA
| | - Laura Strauss
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pusztai L, Moulder S, Litton J, Valero V, Ueno N, Melhem-Bertrandt A, Morrow PK, Dotter K, Mattair D, Strauss L, Hortobagyi GN, Qi Y, Symmans WF. Abstract P6-14-06: Prospective Testing of Three Different Gene-Signatures for Patient Selection for Dasatinib Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-p6-14-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Several gene signature-based predictors of response to targeted drugs have been proposed in the literature but none has been prospectively tested as patient selection tools in the clinic. The goal of this trial is to assess the positive predictive value of 3 conceptually different multi-gene signatures as predictors of response to the multitargeted kinase inhibitor dasatinib.
Methods: This clinical trial requires biopsy of a metastatic lesion for gene expression profiling and employs a parallel, multi-arm, two-step, phase II design. Three markers are assessed including a (i) cell-line derived dasatinib-sensitivity signature, (ii) a src-pathway activity signature and (iii) a dasatinib target index calculated as the weighted average expression of all known dasatinib targets. Only markerpositive patients are treated with dasatinib 100 mg po daily and each marker arm is considered as a separate study with early stopping rules for futility (minimum sample size 9, maximum sample size 40/marker arm). A predictor is considered worthy of further study if the clinical benefit rate (i.e. positive predictive value) is ≥25%.
Results: Forty seven patients were accrued from July 2009 through June, 2010, 49 biopsies were performed (soft tissues n=31, liver n=8, bone n=3, lung n=1, adrenal gland n=1), 6 samples had poor cellularity and 3 failed array QC. There was no patient recall, hospitalization or emergency room visit due to biopsy procedure. The median time from biopsy to genomic prediction result was 5 days (range 3-7). Twenty three (57%) patients had positive result for at least 1 predictor (5 were positive for 2) and 20 are receiving therapy (3 withdraw or progressed before therapy began). Responses as of June 2010; Target index arm (n=9): 5 PD (progressive disease), 4 SD (3 stable disease at 8 weeks 1 SD at 16 weeks); SRC Pathway arm (n=5): 3 PD, 2 SD at 8 weeks; Cell line predictor arm (n=6): 2 PD, 1 SD at 8 weeks, 3 not yet reached response evaluation. None of the 3 predictive marker arms have met early stopping yet and accrual is ongoing. Conclusion: Gene-expression signature based patient selection for targeted therapy is feasible and FNA biopsies of metastatic lesions for genomic testing are safe. Updated efficacy results will be reported.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-14-06.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Pusztai
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - S Moulder
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - J Litton
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - V Valero
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - N Ueno
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - A Melhem-Bertrandt
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - PK Morrow
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - K Dotter
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - D Mattair
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - L Strauss
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - GN Hortobagyi
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Y Qi
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - WF. Symmans
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ströbel P, Bargou R, Wolff A, Spitzer D, Manegold C, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A, Strauss L, Sauer C, Mayer F, Hohenberger P, Marx A. Sunitinib in metastatic thymic carcinomas: laboratory findings and initial clinical experience. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:196-200. [PMID: 20571495 PMCID: PMC2906735 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymic carcinoma (TC) is a rare aggressive tumour. Median survival with current treatments is only 2 years. Sunitinib is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has shown benefit in various other cancers. METHODS Laboratory analyses of snap-frozen tumour tissues were performed to detect activation and genetic mutations of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in TC samples. On the basis of molecular analyses showing activation of multiple RTKs in their tumour, four patients with metastatic TCs refractory to conventional therapies were treated with sunitinib according to standard protocols. RESULTS RTK analysis in three of the patients showed activation of multiple RTKs, including platelet-derived growth factor-beta and vascular endothelial growth factor 3. Mutations of EGFR, c-KIT, KRAS, and BRAF genes were not found. Administration of sunitinib yielded a partial remission (lasting 2 to 18+ months) according to the RECIST criteria in three patients and stable disease with excellent metabolic response in 18F-FDG-PET in another one. The overall survival with sunitinib treatment ranges from 4 to 40+ months. Withdrawal of the drug in one patient prompted rapid tumour progression that could be controlled by re-administration of sunitinib. CONCLUSIONS Sunitinib is an active treatment for metastatic TC. A panel of molecular analyses may be warranted for optimal patient selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Czystowska M, Strauss L, Bergmann C, Szajnik M, Rabinowich H, Whiteside TL. Reciprocal granzyme/perforin-mediated death of human regulatory and responder T cells is regulated by interleukin-2 (IL-2). J Mol Med (Berl) 2010; 88:577-88. [PMID: 20225066 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-010-0602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human CD4(+)CD25(high)FOXP3(+) T regulatory cells (Treg) can suppress responder T cell (RC) functions by various mechanisms. In co-cultures of Treg and autologous activated RC, both cell subsets up-regulate the expression of granzymes and perforin, which might contribute to Treg-mediated suppression. Here, we investigate the sensitivity and resistance of Treg and RC to granzyme/perforin-mediated death. CD4(+)CD25(neg) RC were single cell-sorted from the peripheral blood of 25 cancer patients and 15 normal controls. These RC were carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labeled and co-cultured with autologous CD4(+)CD25(high)FOXP3(+) Treg +/- 150 or +/-1,000 IU/mL of interleukin-2 (IL-2) to evaluate suppression of RC proliferation. In addition, survival of the cells co-cultured for 24 h and 5 days was measured using a flow-based cytotoxicity assay. Freshly isolated Treg and RC expressed granzyme A (GrA), granzyme B (GrB), and perforin. Percentages of positive cells were higher in cancer patients than controls (p < 0.01) and increased upon OKT3 and IL-2 stimulation. Treg, co-cultured with RC at 150 IU/mL of IL-2, no longer expressed cytotoxins and became susceptible to RC-mediated, granzyme/perforin-dependent death. However, in co-cultures with 1,000 IU/mL of IL-2, Treg became resistant to apoptosis and induced GrB-dependent, perforin-independent death of RC. When the GrB inhibitor I or GrB-specific and GrA-specific small inhibitory ribonucleic acids were used to block the granzyme pathway in Treg, RC death, and Treg-mediated suppression of RC, proliferation were significantly inhibited. Human CD4(+)CD25(high) Treg and CD4(+)CD25(neg) RC reciprocally regulate death/growth arrest by differentially utilizing the granzyme-perforin pathway depending on IL-2 concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Czystowska
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Strauss L, Sy O, Fairchild J, Fu C, Rybicki A, Yoganathan S, Brickman D, Harbison C, Ploughman L. Biomarker Analyses in Phase 2 Single-Agent Trials of Dasatinib for Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-2034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Dasatinib (BMS-354825) is a potent SRC inhibitor being studied in several solid tumors including breast cancer. Expression profiling of breast cancer cell lines led to the identification of genes putatively correlated with dasatinib sensitivity.1,2 Inhibition of Src-family kinases may have complex effects on angiogenesis; circulating levels of VEGFR2 and collagen type IV (CollIV) are related to changes in VEGF signaling. Two Phase 2 single-agent trials of dasatinib3,4 have been performed in patients with locally-advanced or metastatic advanced breast cancers. Tumor markers may be used to predict clinical benefit and circulating biomarkers may reveal key mechanisms of action.Methods: Biomarker data from two Phase 2 trials including 114 patients were aggregated for this analysis. Archival tumor tissue from most recent prior surgery was collected in both trials; tumor samples were submitted for 38 of 44 patients with triple-negative, 39 of 46 patients with ER/PR+, and 20 of 24 patients with Her2/neu-amplified breast cancer. The initial dasatinib dose of 100 mg BID (n=46) was reduced to 70 mg BID (n=68) to improve tolerability. Based on mRNA results, immunohistochemical (IHC) procedures were developed for caveolin (Cav), phospho-Cav (p-Cav; scored as membrane vs cytoplasmic), EphA2 and IGFBP-2. Staining intensity was expressed on a scale of 0–3. Plasma was collected at baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks of dasatinib treatment and analyzed for VEGFR2 and CollIV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative biomarker values pre-treatment and at ≥1 on-study time point for 71 of 114 patients were expressed as percent change from baseline. Tumor mRNA expression is being analyzed in all available tissue.Results: Protocol-defined clinical benefit was observed in 13 patients: 4 with triple-negative, 7 with ER/PR+, and 2 with Her2+ (which were also ER+) malignancies. Tumor tissue was prioritized and adequate for analysis in 89 tumors for Cav, 80 for p-Cav, 88 for EphA2 and 84 for IGFBP-2. Positive IHC (2-3+ intensity) was recorded for Cav in 35% of patients, with 11% and 25% positive for p-Cav in cytoplasm and membrane, respectively, and in 27% for EphA2 and 23% for IGFBP-2. No association was detected between clinical benefit and IHC results. Consistent increases in plasma biomarkers were observed in >90% of subjects. Median percent change (at Days 15 & 29, respectively) was 22% & 27% in VEGFR2 and 32% & 46% in CollIV; the mechanism of this change is being further investigated. Increased CollIV on treatment was associated with drug-related Grade 3-4 adverse events in first 4 weeks and with clinical benefit, but not with tumor subtype. Data on mRNA expression will be presented.Conclusions: The selected IHC analytes did not predict clinical benefit in these trials. Consistent early increases in VEGFR2 and CollIV suggest an effect of dasatinib on vascular endothelium which appears related to both safety and efficacy.1. Huang et al. Cancer Res. 2007;67(5):2226-38.2. Finn et al. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007;105(3):319-26.3. Finn et al. SABCS 2008;abstract 3118.4. Mayer et al. ASCO 2009;abstract 1011.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2034.
Collapse
|
39
|
Cortes J, Specht J, Gradishar W, Strauss L, Rybicki A, Wu X, Vahdat L, Paz-Ares L, Somlo G. Dasatinib Plus Capecitabine for Advanced Breast Cancer: Safety and Efficacy Data from Phase 1 Study CA180-004. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-3092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: SRC is a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer and has a central role in hormone therapy resistance and in osteoclast activity. Dasatinib is a potent SRC inhibitor that inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation and migration in vitro, including synergy with 5FU in some cell lines, and inhibits osteoclast activity in clinical trials. CA180-004 is a phase 1 study designed to identify dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and recommended phase 2 doses of dasatinib plus capecitabine in women with advanced breast cancer (ABC). Safety and efficacy data are now reported with additional follow-up.Methods: Cohorts of pts with ABC were treated at four dose levels (DL) with capecitabine (mg/m2 twice daily [BID] on D1-14 of 21-day cycles) and dasatinib (mg daily): DL1: capecitabine 825 + dasatinib 50 BID; DL2: capecitabine 825 + dasatinib 70 BID; DL3: capecitabine 1000 + dasatinib 70 BID; DL3a: capecitabine 1000 + dasatinib 100 once daily (QD). All pts had performance status 0-1, prior taxane and/or anthracycline and ≤2 prior chemotherapy-containing regimens for advanced disease. Disease assessments were performed every 6 weeks. DL3a was expanded for further safety and efficacy estimate using best objective response and progression-free survival (PFS) rates.Results: To date, 47 pts with ABC have been treated, 31 in escalation phase plus 16 in expansion (5 too early). Median age was 52 years (range 35-77). Tumor subtypes: 14% were Her2-amplified, 57% ER+ or PR+, 29% triple-negative. Safety was previously reported (ASCO 2009) for escalation phase; no MTD was defined based on DLTs. Of 20 evaluable pts in DL3a, 2 DLTs have been observed: 1 pneumonia, pain and pleural effusion plus 1 diarrhea, neutropenia, vomiting, mucositis and anemia. The most common drug-related adverse events (AEs, any grade) were headache, fatigue/asthenia, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, hand-foot syndrome (HFS) and pleural effusion. The most common grade 3/4 AEs were fatigue/asthenia, HFS, vomiting and diarrhea. To date, 19 have remained on treatment ≥4 months, including 3 for >1 year. Median duration of treatment (n=42) was 13 weeks; 23 pts have discontinued for progression and 7 for toxicity. Of 38 pts with on-study assessment, 6 had confirmed partial response (treatment durations 17+, 23, 25, 36+, 71, 73 wks), 6 had unconfirmed partial or clinical response (5, 11, 13, 18, 23+, 24 wks), and 9 had prolonged stable disease (16+, 17, 23+, 24+, 25+, 29, 39+, 48+, 63+ wks). Updated efficacy data, including PFS by hormone receptor status, will be presented.Conclusions: Dasatinib and capecitabine combination treatment was well tolerated and encouraging efficacy was observed. Further assessment of this combination is warranted.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3092.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Cortes
- 1Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - L. Paz-Ares
- 6Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Spain
| | - G. Somlo
- 7City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Centre,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Strauss L, Czystowska M, Szajnik M, Mandapathil M, Whiteside TL. Differential responses of human regulatory T cells (Treg) and effector T cells to rapamycin. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5994. [PMID: 19543393 PMCID: PMC2694984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immunosuppressive drug rapamycin (RAPA) promotes the expansion of CD4+ CD25highFoxp3+ regulatory T cells via mechanisms that remain unknown. Here, we studied expansion, IL-2R-γ chain signaling, survival pathways and resistance to apoptosis in human Treg responding to RAPA. Methodology/Principal Findings CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25neg T cells were isolated from PBMC of normal controls (n = 21) using AutoMACS. These T cell subsets were cultured in the presence of anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies and 1000 IU/mL IL-2 for 3 to 6 weeks. RAPA (1–100 nM) was added to half of the cultures. After harvest, the cell phenotype, signaling via the PI3K/mTOR and STAT pathways, expression of survival proteins and Annexin V binding were determined and compared to values obtained with freshly-separated CD4+CD25high and CD4+CD25neg T cells. Suppressor function was tested in co-cultures with autologous CFSE-labeled CD4+CD25neg or CD8+CD25neg T-cell responders. The frequency and suppressor activity of Treg were increased after culture of CD4+CD25+ T cells in the presence of 1–100 nM RAPA (p<0.001). RAPA-expanded Treg were largely CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ cells and were resistant to apoptosis, while CD4+CD25neg T cells were sensitive. Only Treg upregulated anti-apoptotic and down-regulated pro-apoptotic proteins. Treg expressed higher levels of the PTEN protein than CD4+CD25neg cells. Activated Treg±RAPA preferentially phosphorylated STAT5 and STAT3 and did not utilize the PI3K/mTOR pathway. Conclusions/Significance RAPA favors Treg expansion and survival by differentially regulating signaling, proliferation and sensitivity to apoptosis of human effector T cells and Treg after TCR/IL-2 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Strauss
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mayer E, Baurain J, Sparano J, Strauss L, Campone M, Fumoleau P, Rugo H, Awada A, Sy O, Llombart A. Dasatinib in advanced HER2/neu amplified and ER/PR-positive breast cancer: Phase II study CA180088. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
1011 Background: SRC family kinases (SFKs) are involved in numerous signaling pathways including from ER and HER-2 receptors, as well as osteoclast function. Dasatinib is a potent oral inhibitor of SFKs. A phase II trial was performed in patients (pts) with ER+ and/or PR+ and/or HER-2-amplified progressive advanced breast cancer. Subsequent to study initiation, dasatinib demonstrated similar efficacy with a lower incidence of key side-effects at 100 mg once daily in CML and prostate cancer. Methods: Pts with measurable disease and progression after chemotherapy and other targeted agents were treated with dasatinib on a continuous twice-daily (BID) schedule; RECIST-defined response rate was primary endpoint. Results: Sixty-eight pts, 24 with HER-2-amplified and 44 with HER-2-normal, ER+ and/or PR+ disease, were treated. Original starting dose of 100 mg BID (23 pts) was reduced to 70 mg BID (45 pts) due to fluid retention, fatigue, or GI toxicity. Median age was 55 years; nearly all pts (93%) had prior therapy in advanced setting. 59 were radiographically-evaluable (8 discontinued for toxicity and 1 inevaluable). We observed 3 partial responses lasting 9, 9 and 8+ mos plus 6 stable disease ≥16 weeks (range 24–33 wks). All 9 controlled tumors were ER/PR+, 2 were also HER-2-amplified; thus, disease control rate was 19% in the 47 radiographically-evaluable pts with ER/PR+ disease. Median dose intensity was 136 mg/day at 70 mg BID and 175 mg/day at 100 mg BID; median duration of therapy was 1.8 mos in both dose groups. Most pts (75%) discontinued for disease progression. The most common drug-related AEs were diarrhea (49%), headache (34%), nausea (34%), asthenia (32%), pleural effusion (31%), musculoskeletal pain (25%), and vomiting (24%). Drug-related grade 3–4 AEs were reported in 37% of pts and comparable between doses, but related serious AEs were less frequent at 70 mg BID than 100 mg BID (16% vs 26%). Grade 3–4 laboratory abnormalities were uncommon. PK and biomarker analyses will be presented. Conclusions: Encouraging single-agent activity was observed with dasatinib in pts with advanced ER+ breast cancers. Future studies will address the combination of dasatinib with hormonal therapies using a better-tolerated once daily schedule. [Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Mayer
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Oncologie Médicale Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Montefiore-Einstein Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Nantes-Atlantique, Saint Herblain, France; Centre George-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium; Hospital Arnau Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - J. Baurain
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Oncologie Médicale Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Montefiore-Einstein Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Nantes-Atlantique, Saint Herblain, France; Centre George-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium; Hospital Arnau Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - J. Sparano
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Oncologie Médicale Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Montefiore-Einstein Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Nantes-Atlantique, Saint Herblain, France; Centre George-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium; Hospital Arnau Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - L. Strauss
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Oncologie Médicale Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Montefiore-Einstein Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Nantes-Atlantique, Saint Herblain, France; Centre George-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium; Hospital Arnau Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - M. Campone
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Oncologie Médicale Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Montefiore-Einstein Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Nantes-Atlantique, Saint Herblain, France; Centre George-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium; Hospital Arnau Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - P. Fumoleau
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Oncologie Médicale Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Montefiore-Einstein Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Nantes-Atlantique, Saint Herblain, France; Centre George-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium; Hospital Arnau Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - H. Rugo
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Oncologie Médicale Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Montefiore-Einstein Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Nantes-Atlantique, Saint Herblain, France; Centre George-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium; Hospital Arnau Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - A. Awada
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Oncologie Médicale Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Montefiore-Einstein Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Nantes-Atlantique, Saint Herblain, France; Centre George-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium; Hospital Arnau Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - O. Sy
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Oncologie Médicale Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Montefiore-Einstein Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Nantes-Atlantique, Saint Herblain, France; Centre George-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium; Hospital Arnau Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - A. Llombart
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Oncologie Médicale Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Montefiore-Einstein Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Nantes-Atlantique, Saint Herblain, France; Centre George-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium; Hospital Arnau Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Somlo G, Atzori F, Strauss L, Rybicki A, Wu X, Gradishar W, Specht J. Dasatinib plus capecitabine (Cap) for progressive advanced breast cancer (ABC): Phase I study CA180004. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
1012 Background: SRC family kinases (SFK) mediate numerous signal-transduction pathways relevant to breast cancer as well as osteoclast function. Dasatinib, a potent oral inhibitor of SFK and other kinases has preclinical activity in breast models and in vitro synergy with Cap in some breast cancer cell lines (KPL-4 and HCC-70). A phase I trial of dasatinib plus Cap was conducted to define dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), maximum tolerated (MTD), and recommended phase II (RP2D) doses. Methods: Sequential cohorts of pts with ABC were treated with Cap twice daily (BID) on days 1–14 and dasatinib daily in 21-day cycles using dose levels (DL) for Cap (mg/m2) and dasatinib (mg): DL1: Cap 825 + dasatinib 50 BID; DL2: Cap 825 + dasatinib 70 BID; DL3: Cap 1000 + dasatinib 70 BID; DL3a: Cap 1000 + dasatinib 100 once daily (QD). All pts had ECOG performance status 0–1, had prior anthracycline and/or taxane, and received ≤2 regimens in advanced setting. MTD was based on DLT in first cycle and RP2D also based on tolerability of additional cycles. Results: 31 pts with ABC, median age 53 years (range 36–78) were treated. Number of pts treated/evaluable for DLT/reported DLT (event) were DL1: 7/6/1 (headache, grade 3); DL2: 9/7/0; DL3: 6/6/1 (diarrhea, grade 3), and DL3a: 9/9/1 (pneumonia, grade 3). Most frequent AEs related to either drug and occurring at any time on study (n pts) were nausea (12), vomiting (7), diarrhea (6), abdominal pain (2), fatigue (8), headache (7), musculoskeletal pain (1), and pleural effusion (4); hand-foot syndrome (5) was as expected for Cap alone. 11 patients experienced a Grade 3–4 non-hematologic AE at some point during the study. Laboratory abnormalities were uncommon. To date, 20 pts have continued treatment for ≥6 weeks and 9 pts for ≥12 weeks. Number of pts who (at any time) reduced dasatinib/reduced Cap/discontinued for toxicity were DL1: 2/2/1; DL2 2/2/3; DL3: 2/1/2; DL3a: 0/1/1. Updated safety and efficacy data will be presented. Conclusions: Dasatinib + Cap was tolerated without unexpected combined-treatment toxicity; few pts required dose reduction in later cycles. The recommended phase II dose, Cap 1000 plus dasatinib 100 QD, is well tolerated and will be studied for efficacy in an expanded patient cohort. [Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Somlo
- City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - F. Atzori
- City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - L. Strauss
- City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - A. Rybicki
- City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - X. Wu
- City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - W. Gradishar
- City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - J. Specht
- City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Szczepanski MJ, Szajnik M, Czystowska M, Mandapathil M, Strauss L, Welsh A, Foon KA, Whiteside TL, Boyiadzis M. Increased frequency and suppression by regulatory T cells in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:3325-32. [PMID: 19417016 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regulatory CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+) T cells (Treg) control peripheral immune tolerance. Patients with cancer, including those with hematologic malignancies, have elevated numbers of Treg in the peripheral circulation and in tumor tissues. However, mechanisms of suppression and clinical significance of Treg, especially in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), has not been well defined. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We prospectively evaluated the phenotype, function, and mechanisms of suppression used by Treg in newly diagnosed untreated AML patients. The relationship between the frequency of circulating Treg and the disease status as well as treatment outcome was also evaluated. RESULTS The percentage of circulating Treg was higher (P < 0.0001) and their phenotype was distinct in AML patients relative to normal controls. Suppression mediated by Treg coincubated with proliferating autologous responder cells was also higher (P < 0.001) in AML than that mediated by control Treg. Using Transwell inserts, we showed that interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta1 production as well as cell-to-cell contact were necessary for Treg-mediated suppression. Also, the pretreatment Treg frequency predicted response to chemotherapy. Unexpectedly, patients who achieved complete remission still had elevated frequency of Treg, which mediated high levels of suppressor activity. CONCLUSIONS Treg accumulating in the peripheral circulation of AML patients mediate vigorous suppression via contact-dependent and contact-independent mechanisms. Patients with lower Treg frequency at diagnosis have a better response to induction chemotherapy. During the post-induction period, the Treg frequency and suppressive activity remain elevated in complete remission, suggesting that Treg are resistant to conventional chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslaw J Szczepanski
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bergmann C, Strauss L, Wieckowski E, Czystowska M, Albers A, Wang Y, Zeidler R, Lang S, Whiteside TL. Tumor-derived microvesicles in sera of patients with head and neck cancer and their role in tumor progression. Head Neck 2009; 31:371-80. [PMID: 19073006 PMCID: PMC2647573 DOI: 10.1002/hed.20968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-derived membranous vesicles (MV) isolated from sera of the patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) induce apoptosis of activated CD8(+) T cells. We tested if MV molecular profile and activity correlate with disease progression. METHODS CD8(+) Jurkat cells were incubated with MAGE 3/6(+), FasL(+), MHC class I(+) MV isolated from sera of 60 patients with HNSCC and 25 normal controls by exclusion chromatography and ultracentrifugation. Z-VAD-FITC binding to Jurkat was measured and correlated with clinical data. RESULTS MV from patients' sera, but not from sera of normal controls, induced Jurkat cell apoptosis. Forty-five percent T cells+MV from patients with N(1)-N(3) disease were apoptotic versus 18% T cells+MV from patients with N(0) disease (p < .008). MV from patients with active disease (AD) expressed higher FasL levels than MV from patients with no evident disease (NED) or normal controls (p CONCLUSION MAGE 3/6(+), FasL(+), and MHCI(+) MV in sera of patients induced T-cell apoptosis, which correlated with disease activity and the presence of lymph node metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bergmann
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, USA
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Strauss
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Eva Wieckowski
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | | | - Yun Wang
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Strauss L, Bergmann C, Whiteside TL. Human circulating CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ regulatory T cells kill autologous CD8+ but not CD4+ responder cells by Fas-mediated apoptosis. J Immunol 2009; 182:1469-80. [PMID: 19155494 PMCID: PMC3721355 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.3.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms utilized by human regulatory T cells (Treg) for elimination of effector cells may vary. We investigated the possibility that the mechanism of Treg suppression depends on Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis of responder cells (RC). CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+) Treg and autologous CD4(+)CD25(-) and CD8(+)CD25(-) subsets of RC were isolated from blood of 25 cancer patients and 15 normal controls and cocultured in the presence of OKT3 and IL-2 (150 or 1000 IU/ml). Suppression of RC proliferation was measured in CFSE assays. RC and Treg apoptosis was monitored by 7-aminoactinomycin D staining in flow-based cytotoxicity assays. Treg from all subjects expressed CD95(+), but only Treg from cancer patients expressed CD95L. These Treg, when activated via TCR plus IL-2, up-regulated CD95 and CD95L expression (p < 0.001) and suppressed CD8(+) RC proliferation (p < 0.001) by inducing Fas-mediated apoptosis. However, Treg cocultured with CD4(+) RC suppressed proliferation independently of Fas/FasL. In cocultures, Treg were found to be resistant to apoptosis in the presence of 1000 IU/ml IL-2, but at lower IL-2 concentrations (150 IU/ml) they became susceptible to RC-induced death. Thus, Treg and RC can reciprocally regulate Treg survival, depending on IL-2 concentrations present in cocultures. This divergent IL-2-dependent resistance or sensitivity of Treg and RC to apoptosis is amplified in patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Strauss
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Christoph Bergmann
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Otorhinolarnygology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Theresa L. Whiteside
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Departments of Pathology, Immunology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Battaglia M, Strauss L, Roncarolo MG. Comment on M. Guillot-Delostet al. (2008;10:834-846): Clinical-grade preparation of human natural regulatory T cells encoding the thymidine kinase suicide gene as a safety gene. J Gene Med 2009; 11:180-1. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
47
|
Bergmann C, Strauss L, Wang Y, Szczepanski MJ, Lang S, Johnson JT, Whiteside TL. T regulatory type 1 cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: mechanisms of suppression and expansion in advanced disease. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:3706-15. [PMID: 18559587 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-5126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regulatory T cells play a major role in tumor escape from immunosurveillance. T regulatory cells type 1 (Tr1), a subset of regulatory T cells present in the tumor and peripheral circulation of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), mediate immune suppression and might contribute to tumor progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CD4+CD25-T cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) of 26 HNSCC patients and 10 normal controls. The Tr1 cell phenotype was determined before and after culture in the presence of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, and IL-15, each at 10 to 20 IU/mL. Suppression was measured in carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-based proliferation assays with or without neutralizing anti-IL-10 or anti-transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) monoclonal antibodies in Transwell systems. ELISA was used to define the Tr1 cytokine profile. RESULTS Tr1 cells originate from CD4(+)CD25(-) precursors present in TIL and PBMC of HNSCC patients. Cytokine-driven ex vivo expansion of Tr1 precursors yielded CD4+CD25-Foxp3lowCD132+IL-10+TGF-beta1+ populations that mediated higher suppression than Tr1 cells of normal controls (P < 0.0001). Tr1 cells suppressed proliferation of autologous responders via IL-10 and TGF-beta1 secretion. Expression of these cytokines was higher in TIL-derived than PBMC-derived Tr1 cells (P < 0.0001). The Tr1 cell frequency and suppressor function were significantly higher in patients presenting with advanced than early disease stages and in patients "cured" by oncologic therapies than in those with active disease. CONCLUSIONS In HNSCC, Tr1 cell generation is promoted at the tumor site. Tr1 cells use TGF-beta and IL-10 to mediate suppression. They expand during disease progression and also following cancer therapy in patients with no evident disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bergmann
- Departments of Pathology and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Strauss L, Bergmann C, Szczepanski MJ, Lang S, Kirkwood JM, Whiteside TL. Expression of ICOS on human melanoma-infiltrating CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ T regulatory cells: implications and impact on tumor-mediated immune suppression. J Immunol 2008; 180:2967-80. [PMID: 18292519 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.5.2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interaction of ICOS with its ligand (ICOSL, B7-H2) promotes T cell responses. As CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ naturally occurring T regulatory cells in melanoma patients express ICOS, we investigated the impact of ICOS on naturally occurring T regulatory cell function. METHODS Expression of ICOS and T regulatory (Treg) cell markers was determined on CD4+CD25high T cells in PBMC and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from melanoma patients (n=10) and PBMC of normal controls (n=10) by multicolor flow cytometry. Suppression mediated by sorted ICOShigh and ICOSlow Treg was assessed in CFSE-based suppression assays with autologous CD4+CD25- responder cells (RC). Transwell inserts separating Treg from RC were used to evaluate suppression mechanisms used by Treg. ICOShigh or ICOSlow Treg were coincubated with RC+/-TCR and IL-2 stimulation. ICOShigh and ICOS- Treg were also expanded under conditions previously shown to induce Tr1 from RC. RESULTS Treg in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expressed ICOS (mean fluorescence intensity=70+/-10), while Treg in PBMC had low ICOS expression (mean fluorescence intensity=3.5+/-2.5, p<or=0.001). ICOShigh Treg up-regulated Treg markers (p<or=0.0016) and mediated stronger suppression (p<or=0.001) relative to ICOSlow Treg. ICOShigh Treg induced Tr1 cells in nonactivated RC and Th2 cells in preactivated RC. ICOShigh Treg exposed to Tr1 cytokines expressed IL-10 and suppressed RC (92+/-12%) in contrast to ICOSlow Treg, which mediated low suppression (21+/-15%; p<or=0.0028). CONCLUSION ICOShigh Treg can induce diverse immune responses in RC, depending on activation signals and cytokines present. ICOShigh Treg induce Tr1 or Th2 cells depending on the activation state of RC. In a "Tr1" cytokine milieu, ICOShigh Treg transit to Tr1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Strauss
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Strauss L, Bergmann C, Gooding W, Johnson JT, Whiteside TL. The frequency and suppressor function of CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ T cells in the circulation of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 13:6301-11. [PMID: 17975141 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune escape is a characteristic feature of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Regulatory T cells (Treg) might contribute to HNSCC progression by suppressing antitumor immunity, and their attributes in patients are of special interest. METHODS Multicolor flow cytometry was used to study the frequency and phenotype of Treg in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 35 patients with HNSCC and 15 normal controls (NC). CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells were purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and tested for regulatory function by coculture with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidylester-labeled autologous CD4(+)CD25(-) responder cells. RESULTS The percentages of circulating CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells were increased in HNSCC patients (5 +/- 3%) versus NC (2 +/- 1.5%). In patients, this cell subset largely contained CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+) T cells and only few CD25(low/interm) cells. In addition, the frequency of Treg positive for CD62L, CTLA-4, Fas, FasL, and Foxp3 was greater in the circulation of patients than in NC (P < 0.0001). In HNSCC patients, Treg mediated significantly higher suppression (78 +/- 7%) compared with Treg in NC (12 +/- 4%) with P < 0.0001. Surprisingly, higher Treg frequency (P < 0.0059) and levels of suppression (P < 0.0001) were observed in patients with no evident disease (NED) than in untreated patients with active disease (AD). CONCLUSIONS The frequency of T cells with suppressor phenotype and function (Treg) was significantly greater in HNSCC patients who were NED after oncologic therapy relative to those with AD. This finding suggests that oncologic therapy favors expansion of Treg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Strauss
- Suite 1.27, Research Pavilion at the Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-1863, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Strauss L, Bergmann C, Whiteside TL. Functional and phenotypic characteristics of CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ Treg clones obtained from peripheral blood of patients with cancer. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:2473-83. [PMID: 17691114 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Circulating human CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+) T cell populations (Treg) may contain activated CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells interfering with Treg evaluation. To gain insights into the phenotypic and functional characteristics of Treg in patients with cancer, we have analyzed CD4(+)CD25(high) populations at the clonal level. Single-cell sorted (SCS) CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells obtained from PBMC of normal controls (NC) or patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) were plated at 1 cell/well in 96 well plates and expanded with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 Abs and 1,000 IU IL-2/mL in the presence or absence of rapamycin (1 nM). All generated clones were evaluated for the phenotype by flow cyometry and suppressor function in CFSE-based proliferation assays. Clones had heterogeneous CD25 expression levels. Cloning efficiency of CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells was low. CD25(high) clones expressed CTLA-4, Foxp3, CD62L, but little GITR and suppressed proliferation of autologous CD4(+)CD25(-) responder cells. Clones of activated CD4(+)CD25(interm./low) cells expressed intermediate to high levels of GITR and HLA-DR and did not suppress proliferation of responder cells. The number, suppressor phenotype and function of CD25(high) Treg clones were significantly enhanced in HNSCC patients relative to NC (p </= 0.001). CD4(+)CD25(+) populations comprise phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets of CD25(+) cells. Only a small fraction of these activated CD4(+) T cells are potent suppressor cells characterized by high expression levels of CD25, Foxp3, CTLA-4 and CD62L. The number of expandable Treg is increased in HNSCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Strauss
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|