An experimental investigation of the functional relationship between social phobia and cigarette smoking

INTRODUCTION

Individuals with social phobia (SP) represent a large group with elevated rates of cigarette smoking and cessation rates lower than that of individuals without psychopathology. For individuals with SP, cigarette smoking may be used to reduce social anxiety in anticipation of and during social situations. However, no study to date has experimentally examined this association. The aim of the current study was to experimentally examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and SP as a function of induced social stress.

METHOD

We recruited daily smokers ages 18-21 who scored in either a clinical or normative range on the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS). Participants included 54 smokers (42.6% female, 77.8% White, age M(SD)=19.65(1.18), CPSD M(SD)=7.67(4.36), 46.30% high SP) who attended two sessions: one social stress session and one neutral session.

RESULTS

Results indicated that high SP smokers experienced significant decreases in negative affect (NA) following smoking a cigarette when experiencing social stress. This effect was specific to high SP smokers under social stress and was not observed among individuals' average in SP or when examining changes in positive affect.

CONCLUSIONS

For individuals with SP, cigarette smoking may be maintained due to changes in NA associated with smoking specifically in the context of social stress. These results speak to the importance of targeted cessation interventions that address the nature of smoking for individuals with SP.

High-pressure injection injury involving a 2-PAM chloride autoinjector

High-pressure injection injuries to the hand are often associated with severe morbidity and should be considered surgical emergencies. The severity of these injuries is usually due to vascular compromise and the inflammatory nature of the material injected, such as paint, grease, and solvents. We present a case of a high-pressure injection of 2-PAM chloride into the finger of a 3-year-old boy. In this case, operative treatment was not necessary and all symptoms resolved.