1
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Goetze JS, Heithaus MR, MacNeil MA, Harvey E, Simpfendorfer CA, Heupel MR, Meekan M, Wilson S, Bond ME, Speed CW, Currey-Randall LM, Fisher R, Sherman CS, Kiszka JJ, Rees MJ, Udyawer V, Flowers KI, Clementi GM, Asher J, Beaufort O, Bernard ATF, Berumen ML, Bierwagen SL, Boslogo T, Brooks EJ, Brown JJ, Buddo D, Cáceres C, Casareto S, Charloo V, Cinner JE, Clua EEG, Cochran JEM, Cook N, D'Alberto BM, de Graaf M, Dornhege-Lazaroff MC, Fanovich L, Farabaugh NF, Fernando D, Ferreira CEL, Fields CYA, Flam AL, Floros C, Fourqurean V, Barcia LG, Garla R, Gastrich K, George L, Graham R, Hagan V, Hardenstine RS, Heck SM, Heithaus P, Henderson AC, Hertler H, Hueter RE, Johnson M, Jupiter SD, Kaimuddin M, Kasana D, Kelley M, Kessel ST, Kiilu B, Kyne F, Langlois T, Lawe J, Lédée EJI, Lindfield S, Maggs JQ, Manjaji-Matsumoto BM, Marshall A, Matich P, McCombs E, McLean D, Meggs L, Moore S, Mukherji S, Murray R, Newman SJ, O'Shea OR, Osuka KE, Papastamatiou YP, Perera N, Peterson BJ, Pina-Amargós F, Ponzo A, Prasetyo A, Quamar LMS, Quinlan JR, Razafindrakoto CF, Rolim FA, Ruiz-Abierno A, Ruiz H, Samoilys MA, Sala E, Sample WR, Schärer-Umpierre M, Schoen SN, Schlaff AM, Smith ANH, Sparks L, Stoffers T, Tanna A, Torres R, Travers MJ, Valentin-Albanese J, Warren JD, Watts AM, Wen CK, Whitman ER, Wirsing AJ, Zarza-González E, Chapman DD. Directed conservation of the world's reef sharks and rays. Nat Ecol Evol 2024:10.1038/s41559-024-02386-9. [PMID: 38769434 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Many shark populations are in decline around the world, with severe ecological and economic consequences. Fisheries management and marine protected areas (MPAs) have both been heralded as solutions. However, the effectiveness of MPAs alone is questionable, particularly for globally threatened sharks and rays ('elasmobranchs'), with little known about how fisheries management and MPAs interact to conserve these species. Here we use a dedicated global survey of coral reef elasmobranchs to assess 66 fully protected areas embedded within a range of fisheries management regimes across 36 countries. We show that conservation benefits were primarily for reef-associated sharks, which were twice as abundant in fully protected areas compared with areas open to fishing. Conservation benefits were greatest in large protected areas that incorporate distinct reefs. However, the same benefits were not evident for rays or wide-ranging sharks that are both economically and ecologically important while also threatened with extinction. We show that conservation benefits from fully protected areas are close to doubled when embedded within areas of effective fisheries management, highlighting the importance of a mixed management approach of both effective fisheries management and well-designed fully protected areas to conserve tropical elasmobranch assemblages globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S Goetze
- Marine Science Program, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Michael R Heithaus
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - M Aaron MacNeil
- Ocean Frontier Institute, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Euan Harvey
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Colin A Simpfendorfer
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michelle R Heupel
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Meekan
- The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shaun Wilson
- Marine Science Program, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mark E Bond
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Conrad W Speed
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Rebecca Fisher
- The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C Samantha Sherman
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy J Kiszka
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matthew J Rees
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystems Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vinay Udyawer
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Kathryn I Flowers
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
- Ray Biology and Conservation Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Gina M Clementi
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jacob Asher
- Department of Environmental Protection and Regeneration, Red Sea Global, AlRaidah Digital City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anthony T F Bernard
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, National Research Foundation, Makhanda, South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Michael L Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stacy L Bierwagen
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tracey Boslogo
- Papua New Guinea Wildlife Conservation Society, Kavieng, New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea
| | - Edward J Brooks
- Cape Eleuthera Institute, Cape Eleuthera, Eleuthera, Bahamas
| | - J Jed Brown
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dayne Buddo
- Georgia Aquarium - Research and Conservation, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Camila Cáceres
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sara Casareto
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Joshua E Cinner
- Thriving Oceans Research Hub, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eric E G Clua
- Paris Sciences Lettres, Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l'Environnement Opunohu Bay, Papetoai, French Polynesia
- LABEX CORAIL, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Perpignan, France
| | - Jesse E M Cochran
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neil Cook
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Environmental Research Institute Charlotteville, Charlotteville, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Brooke M D'Alberto
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Oceans and Atmosphere, CSIRO, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Martin de Graaf
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, IJmuiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lanya Fanovich
- Environmental Research Institute Charlotteville, Charlotteville, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Naomi F Farabaugh
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo Leite Ferreira
- Reef Systems Ecology and Conservation Lab, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Candace Y A Fields
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
- Cape Eleuthera Institute, Cape Eleuthera, Eleuthera, Bahamas
| | - Anna L Flam
- Marine Megafauna Foundation, Palm Beach, CA, USA
| | - Camilla Floros
- Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, UK
- Science Department, Georgia Jones-Ayers Middle School, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Virginia Fourqurean
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laura García Barcia
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ricardo Garla
- Centro de Biociências, Departmento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, Brazil
- Beacon Development Department, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kirk Gastrich
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lachlan George
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Valerie Hagan
- Sharks and Rays Conservation Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Royale S Hardenstine
- Department of Environmental Protection and Regeneration, Red Sea Global, AlRaidah Digital City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephen M Heck
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Heithaus
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aaron C Henderson
- The School for Field Studies, Center for Marine Resource Studies, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands
| | - Heidi Hertler
- The School for Field Studies, Center for Marine Resource Studies, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands
| | - Robert E Hueter
- Sharks and Rays Conservation Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA
- OCEARCH, Park City, UT, USA
| | | | - Stacy D Jupiter
- Melanesia Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Suva, Fiji
| | - Muslimin Kaimuddin
- Operation Wallacea, Spilsby, Lincolnshire, UK
- Wasage Divers, Wakatobi and Buton, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Devanshi Kasana
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Megan Kelley
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Steven T Kessel
- Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Fabian Kyne
- University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Tim Langlois
- The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jaedon Lawe
- Yardie Environmental Conservationists Limited, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Elodie J I Lédée
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Jade Q Maggs
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Andrea Marshall
- Marine Megafauna Foundation, West Palm, FL, USA
- Depto. Ecología e Hidrología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Dianne McLean
- The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Llewelyn Meggs
- Yardie Environmental Conservationists Limited, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Stephen Moore
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sushmita Mukherji
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ryan Murray
- Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines
- Met Eireann, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen J Newman
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Hillarys, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Owen R O'Shea
- Cape Eleuthera Institute, Cape Eleuthera, Eleuthera, Bahamas
- Centre for Ocean Research and Education, Gregory Town, Eleuthera, Bahamas
| | - Kennedy E Osuka
- CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya
- Department of Earth, Oceans and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yannis P Papastamatiou
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Bradley J Peterson
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Fabián Pina-Amargós
- Blue Sanctuary-Avalon, Jardines de la Reina, Cuba
- Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, Habana, Cuba
| | - Alessandro Ponzo
- Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines
| | - Andhika Prasetyo
- Center for Fisheries Research, Ministry for Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta Utara, Indonesia
- Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - L M Sjamsul Quamar
- Fisheries Department, Universitas Dayanu Ikhsanuddin, Bau Bau, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Jessica R Quinlan
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Fernanda A Rolim
- Marine Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Melita A Samoilys
- CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Enric Sala
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA
| | - William R Sample
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Sara N Schoen
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Audrey M Schlaff
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adam N H Smith
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Twan Stoffers
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rubén Torres
- Reef Check Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Michael J Travers
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Hillarys, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jasmine Valentin-Albanese
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Bergen County Technical Schools, Bergen County, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph D Warren
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra M Watts
- Marine Megafauna Foundation, Truckee, CA, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Colin K Wen
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Elizabeth R Whitman
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aaron J Wirsing
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Esteban Zarza-González
- GIBEAM Research Group, Universidad del Sinú, Cartagena, Colombia
- Corales del Rosario and San Bernardo National Natural Park, Bolivar, Colombia
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
- Sharks and Rays Conservation Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA
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2
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Barnett A, Jaine FRA, Bierwagen SL, Lubitz N, Abrantes K, Heupel MR, Harcourt R, Huveneers C, Dwyer RG, Udyawer V, Simpfendorfer CA, Miller IB, Scott-Holland T, Kilpatrick CS, Williams SM, Smith D, Dudgeon CL, Hoey AS, Fitzpatrick R, Osborne FE, Smoothey AF, Butcher PA, Sheaves M, Fisher EE, Svaikauskas M, Ellis M, Kanno S, Cresswell BJ, Flint N, Armstrong AO, Townsend KA, Mitchell JD, Campbell M, Peddemors VM, Gustafson JA, Currey-Randall LM. From little things big things grow: enhancement of an acoustic telemetry network to monitor broad-scale movements of marine species along Australia's east coast. Mov Ecol 2024; 12:31. [PMID: 38654348 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-024-00468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acoustic telemetry has become a fundamental tool to monitor the movement of aquatic species. Advances in technology, in particular the development of batteries with lives of > 10 years, have increased our ability to track the long-term movement patterns of many species. However, logistics and financial constraints often dictate the locations and deployment duration of acoustic receivers. Consequently, there is often a compromise between optimal array design and affordability. Such constraints can hinder the ability to track marine animals over large spatial and temporal scales. Continental-scale receiver networks have increased the ability to study large-scale movements, but significant gaps in coverage often remain. METHODS Since 2007, the Integrated Marine Observing System's Animal Tracking Facility (IMOS ATF) has maintained permanent receiver installations on the eastern Australian seaboard. In this study, we present the recent enhancement of the IMOS ATF acoustic tracking infrastructure in Queensland to collect data on large-scale movements of marine species in the northeast extent of the national array. Securing a relatively small initial investment for expanding receiver deployment and tagging activities in Queensland served as a catalyst, bringing together a diverse group of stakeholders (research institutes, universities, government departments, port corporations, industries, Indigenous ranger groups and tourism operators) to create an extensive collaborative network that could sustain the extended receiver coverage into the future. To fill gaps between existing installations and maximise the monitoring footprint, the new initiative has an atypical design, deploying many single receivers spread across 2,100 km of Queensland waters. RESULTS The approach revealed previously unknown broad-scale movements for some species and highlights that clusters of receivers are not always required to enhance data collection. However, array designs using predominantly single receiver deployments are more vulnerable to data gaps when receivers are lost or fail, and therefore "redundancy" is a critical consideration when designing this type of array. CONCLUSION Initial results suggest that our array enhancement, if sustained over many years, will uncover a range of previously unknown movements that will assist in addressing ecological, fisheries, and conservation questions for multiple species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Barnett
- Marine Data Technology Hub, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
- Biopixel Oceans Foundation, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia.
| | - Fabrice R A Jaine
- Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) Animal Tracking Facility, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Stacy L Bierwagen
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - Nicolas Lubitz
- Marine Data Technology Hub, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- Biopixel Oceans Foundation, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Kátya Abrantes
- Marine Data Technology Hub, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- Biopixel Oceans Foundation, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Michelle R Heupel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
- Integrated Marine Observing System, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Rob Harcourt
- Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) Animal Tracking Facility, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Charlie Huveneers
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Ross G Dwyer
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Vinay Udyawer
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Darwin, NT, 0810, Australia
| | - Colin A Simpfendorfer
- University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Ingo B Miller
- Marine Data Technology Hub, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- Biopixel Oceans Foundation, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - Tracey Scott-Holland
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Carley S Kilpatrick
- Queensland Government, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, Manly, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Samuel M Williams
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Daniel Smith
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Christine L Dudgeon
- Biopixel Oceans Foundation, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Andrew S Hoey
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Richard Fitzpatrick
- Biopixel Oceans Foundation, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Felicity E Osborne
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Amy F Smoothey
- Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Research, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, New South Wales, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - Paul A Butcher
- Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales, National Marine Science Center, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
| | - Marcus Sheaves
- Marine Data Technology Hub, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Eric E Fisher
- GBR Biology, Experience Co., Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia
| | - Mark Svaikauskas
- Dalrymple Bay Coal Terminal, Haypoint, Mackay, QLD, 4740, Australia
| | - Megan Ellis
- Gladstone Ports Corporation Limited, Gladstone, QLD, 4680, Australia
| | - Shiori Kanno
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Cresswell
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Nicole Flint
- Coastal Marine Ecosystems Research Centre, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia
| | - Asia O Armstrong
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Kathy A Townsend
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Mitchell
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Victor M Peddemors
- Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Research, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, New South Wales, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - Johan A Gustafson
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Leanne M Currey-Randall
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
- AIMS@JCU, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
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3
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Simpfendorfer CA, Heithaus MR, Heupel MR, MacNeil MA, Meekan M, Harvey E, Sherman CS, Currey-Randall LM, Goetze JS, Kiszka JJ, Rees MJ, Speed CW, Udyawer V, Bond ME, Flowers KI, Clementi GM, Valentin-Albanese J, Adam MS, Ali K, Asher J, Aylagas E, Beaufort O, Benjamin C, Bernard ATF, Berumen ML, Bierwagen S, Birrell C, Bonnema E, Bown RMK, Brooks EJ, Brown JJ, Buddo D, Burke PJ, Cáceres C, Cambra M, Cardeñosa D, Carrier JC, Casareto S, Caselle JE, Charloo V, Cinner JE, Claverie T, Clua EEG, Cochran JEM, Cook N, Cramp JE, D'Alberto BM, de Graaf M, Dornhege MC, Espinoza M, Estep A, Fanovich L, Farabaugh NF, Fernando D, Ferreira CEL, Fields CYA, Flam AL, Floros C, Fourqurean V, Gajdzik L, Barcia LG, Garla R, Gastrich K, George L, Giarrizzo T, Graham R, Guttridge TL, Hagan V, Hardenstine RS, Heck SM, Henderson AC, Heithaus P, Hertler H, Padilla MH, Hueter RE, Jabado RW, Joyeux JC, Jaiteh V, Johnson M, Jupiter SD, Kaimuddin M, Kasana D, Kelley M, Kessel ST, Kiilu B, Kirata T, Kuguru B, Kyne F, Langlois T, Lara F, Lawe J, Lédée EJI, Lindfield S, Luna-Acosta A, Maggs JQ, Manjaji-Matsumoto BM, Marshall A, Martin L, Mateos-Molina D, Matich P, McCombs E, McIvor A, McLean D, Meggs L, Moore S, Mukherji S, Murray R, Newman SJ, Nogués J, Obota C, Ochavillo D, O'Shea O, Osuka KE, Papastamatiou YP, Perera N, Peterson B, Pimentel CR, Pina-Amargós F, Pinheiro HT, Ponzo A, Prasetyo A, Quamar LMS, Quinlan JR, Reis-Filho JA, Ruiz H, Ruiz-Abierno A, Sala E, de-León PS, Samoilys MA, Sample WR, Schärer-Umpierre M, Schlaff AM, Schmid K, Schoen SN, Simpson N, Smith ANH, Spaet JLY, Sparks L, Stoffers T, Tanna A, Torres R, Travers MJ, van Zinnicq Bergmann M, Vigliola L, Ward J, Warren JD, Watts AM, Wen CK, Whitman ER, Wirsing AJ, Wothke A, Zarza-González E, Chapman DD. Widespread diversity deficits of coral reef sharks and rays. Science 2023; 380:1155-1160. [PMID: 37319199 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade4884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A global survey of coral reefs reveals that overfishing is driving resident shark species toward extinction, causing diversity deficits in reef elasmobranch (shark and ray) assemblages. Our species-level analysis revealed global declines of 60 to 73% for five common resident reef shark species and that individual shark species were not detected at 34 to 47% of surveyed reefs. As reefs become more shark-depleted, rays begin to dominate assemblages. Shark-dominated assemblages persist in wealthy nations with strong governance and in highly protected areas, whereas poverty, weak governance, and a lack of shark management are associated with depauperate assemblages mainly composed of rays. Without action to address these diversity deficits, loss of ecological function and ecosystem services will increasingly affect human communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin A Simpfendorfer
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Michael R Heithaus
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michelle R Heupel
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - M Aaron MacNeil
- Ocean Frontier Institute, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mark Meekan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Euan Harvey
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - C Samantha Sherman
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Earth to Ocean Group, Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | - Jordan S Goetze
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Marine Science Program, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jeremy J Kiszka
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matthew J Rees
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystems Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Conrad W Speed
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Vinay Udyawer
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Mark E Bond
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kathryn I Flowers
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gina M Clementi
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - M Shiham Adam
- International Pole and Line Foundation-Maldives, Malé, Republic of Maldives
| | - Khadeeja Ali
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
- Maldives Marine Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries, Marine Resources and Agriculture, Malé, Republic of Maldives
| | - Jacob Asher
- Red Sea Global, Department of Environmental Protection and Regeneration, AlRaidah Digital City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eva Aylagas
- Red Sea Global, Department of Environmental Protection and Regeneration, AlRaidah Digital City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Cecilie Benjamin
- Mahonia Na Dari Research and Conservation Centre, Kimbe, Papua New Guinea
| | - Anthony T F Bernard
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, National Research Foundation, Makhanda, South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Michael L Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stacy Bierwagen
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Chico Birrell
- Marine Conservation, Madagascar Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Erika Bonnema
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Edward J Brooks
- Cape Eleuthera Institute, Cape Eleuthera, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
| | - J Jed Brown
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dayne Buddo
- Georgia Aquarium-IUCN Center for Species Survival, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Patrick J Burke
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Bimini Biological Field Station, Bimini, Bahama
| | - Camila Cáceres
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marta Cambra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- MigraMar, Olema, CA, USA
| | - Diego Cardeñosa
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Sara Casareto
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer E Caselle
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Joshua E Cinner
- College of Arts, Society, and Education, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Claverie
- Centre Universitaire de Formation et de Recherche de Mayotte, Dembeni, France
| | - Eric E G Clua
- Paris Sciences Lettres, Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l'Environnement, Opunohu Bay, Papetoai, French Polynesia
- Laboratoires d'Excellence Corail, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Perpignan, France
| | - Jesse E M Cochran
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neil Cook
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Environmental Research Institute Charlotteville, Charlotteville, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Jessica E Cramp
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Sharks Pacific, Rarotonga, Cook Islands
| | - Brooke M D'Alberto
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Martin de Graaf
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University & Research, IJmuiden, Netherlands
| | - Mareike C Dornhege
- Graduate School for Global Environmental Studies, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mario Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- MigraMar, Olema, CA, USA
| | | | - Lanya Fanovich
- Environmental Research Institute Charlotteville, Charlotteville, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Naomi F Farabaugh
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Carlos E L Ferreira
- Reef Systems Ecology and Conservation Lab, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Candace Y A Fields
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
- Cape Eleuthera Institute, Cape Eleuthera, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
| | - Anna L Flam
- Marine Megafauna Foundation, Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | - Camilla Floros
- Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, UK
| | - Virginia Fourqurean
- College of Arts, Science, and Education, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
- Science Department, Georgia Jones-Ayers Middle School, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laura Gajdzik
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Aquatic Resources, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Laura García Barcia
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ricardo Garla
- Centro de Biociências, Departmento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Beacon Development Company, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kirk Gastrich
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lachlan George
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Tommaso Giarrizzo
- Instituto de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Grupo de Ecologia Aquática, Espaço Inovação do Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Guamá, Guamá, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rory Graham
- Ocean Frontier Institute, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tristan L Guttridge
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, South Bimini, The Bahamas
- Saving the Blue, Cooper City, FL, USA
| | - Valerie Hagan
- Sharks and Rays Conservation Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Royale S Hardenstine
- Maldives Marine Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries, Marine Resources and Agriculture, Malé, Republic of Maldives
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephen M Heck
- Sharks and Rays Conservation Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Aaron C Henderson
- The School for Field Studies, Center for Marine Resource Studies, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands
| | - Patricia Heithaus
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Heidi Hertler
- The School for Field Studies, Center for Marine Resource Studies, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands
| | | | - Robert E Hueter
- Center for Shark Research, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA
- OCEARCH, Park City, UT, USA
| | - Rima W Jabado
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Elasmo Project, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jean-Christophe Joyeux
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Jaiteh
- Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Stacy D Jupiter
- Melanesia Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Suva, Fiji
| | - Muslimin Kaimuddin
- Operation Wallacea, Spilsby, Lincolnshire, UK
- Wasage Divers, Wakatobi & Buton, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Devanshi Kasana
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Megan Kelley
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Steven T Kessel
- Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Taratau Kirata
- Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Kiritimati, Kiribati
| | - Baraka Kuguru
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Fabian Kyne
- University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Tim Langlois
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Frida Lara
- Departamento de Pesquerias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas del IPN, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
- Pelagios Kakunjá, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Jaedon Lawe
- Yardie Environmental Conservationists Limited, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Elodie J I Lédée
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Andrea Luna-Acosta
- Departamento de Ecología y Territorio, Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jade Q Maggs
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Lucy Martin
- Island Conservation Society Seychelles, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - Daniel Mateos-Molina
- Emirates Nature - World Wide Fund for Nature, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- College of Marine Sciences and Aquatic Biology, University of Khorfakkan, Sharjah, UAE
| | | | | | - Ashlie McIvor
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/Aquatic Research Network, Regional Agency for the Development of Research, Technology and Innovation, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Dianne McLean
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Llewelyn Meggs
- Yardie Environmental Conservationists Limited, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Stephen Moore
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Sushmita Mukherji
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | - Stephen J Newman
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Hillarys, WA, Australia
| | - Josep Nogués
- Island Conservation Society Seychelles, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - Clay Obota
- CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya
- Blue Ventures, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Domingo Ochavillo
- American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, Pago Pago, American Samoa
| | - Owen O'Shea
- The Centre for Ocean Research and Education, Gregory Town, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
- Department of Ocean Science, Memorial University, NL, Canada
| | - Kennedy E Osuka
- CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Yannis P Papastamatiou
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nishan Perera
- Marine Conservation, Madagascar Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Bradley Peterson
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Caio R Pimentel
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Fabián Pina-Amargós
- Blue Sanctuary-Avalon, Jardines de la Reina, Cuba
- Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, Habana, Cuba
| | - Hudson T Pinheiro
- Center for Marine Biology, University of São Paulo, São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Ponzo
- Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines
| | - Andhika Prasetyo
- Center for Fisheries Research, Ministry for Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta Utara, Indonesia
| | - L M Sjamsul Quamar
- Fisheries Department, Universitas Dayanu Ikhsanuddin, Bau Bau, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Jessica R Quinlan
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - José Amorim Reis-Filho
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia: Teoria, Aplicação e Valores, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Enric Sala
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pelayo Salinas de-León
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
- Save Our Seas Foundation Shark Research Center and Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, USA
| | - Melita A Samoilys
- CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - William R Sample
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Audrey M Schlaff
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Kurt Schmid
- Beacon Development Company, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Thurgau Hunting and Fishing Administration, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Sara N Schoen
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nikola Simpson
- SalvageBlue, Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
| | - Adam N H Smith
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Julia L Y Spaet
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lauren Sparks
- Indo Ocean Project, Jln Toyapakeh DESA Toyapakeh, Nusa Penida, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Twan Stoffers
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Rubén Torres
- Reef Check Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Michael J Travers
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Hillarys, WA, Australia
| | - Maurits van Zinnicq Bergmann
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
- Independent consultant, Hull, UK
| | - Laurent Vigliola
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR Entropie (IRD-UR-UNC-CNRS-IFREMER), Nouméa, New Caledonia, France
| | - Juney Ward
- Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Apia, Samoa
| | - Joseph D Warren
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra M Watts
- Reef Systems Ecology and Conservation Lab, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Colin K Wen
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Elizabeth R Whitman
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aaron J Wirsing
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aljoscha Wothke
- Environmental Research Institute Charlotteville, Charlotteville, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Esteban Zarza-González
- GIBEAM Research Group, Universidad del Sinú, Cartagena, Colombia
- Corales del Rosario and San Bernardo National Natural Park, Colombia
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
- Saving the Blue, Cooper City, FL, USA
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4
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Cheal AJ, Emslie MJ, Currey-Randall LM, Heupel MR. Comparability and complementarity of reef fish measures from underwater visual census (UVC) and baited remote underwater video stations (BRUVS). J Environ Manage 2021; 289:112375. [PMID: 33813301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The much-publicized threats to coral reef systems necessitate a considered management response based on comprehensive ecological data. However, data from large reef systems commonly originate from multiple monitoring programs that use different methods, each with distinct biases that limit united assessments of ecological status. The effective integration of data from different monitoring methods would allow better assessment of system status and hence, more informed management. Here we examine the scope for comparability and complementarity of fish data from two different methods used on Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR): underwater visual census (UVC) and baited remote underwater video stations (BRUVS). We compared commonly reported reef fish measures from UVC and BRUVS on similar reef slope habitats of three central GBR reefs. Both methods recorded similar estimates of total species richness, although ~30% of recorded species were not common to both methods. There were marked differences between methods in sub-group species richness, frequency of species occurrences, relative abundances of taxa and assemblage structure. The magnitude and orientation of inter-method differences were often inconsistent among taxa. However, each method better categorized certain components of fish communities: BRUVS sampled more predatory species in higher numbers while UVC was similarly better at sampling damselfishes (Pomacentridae). Our results suggest limited scope for direct or adjusted comparisons of data from UVC and BRUVS. Conversely, complementary aspects of the two methods confirm that their integration in monitoring programs will provide a more complete and extensive assessment of reef fish status for managers than from either method alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair J Cheal
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia.
| | - Michael J Emslie
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | | | - Michelle R Heupel
- Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), Hobart, Tasmania, 7004, Australia
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5
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Currey-Randall LM, Galaiduk R, Stowar M, Vaughan BI, Miller KJ. Mesophotic fish communities of the ancient coastline in Western Australia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250427. [PMID: 33882113 PMCID: PMC8059809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine diversity across the Australian continental shelf is shaped by characteristic benthic habitats which are determined by geomorphic features such as paleoshorelines. In north-western Australia there has been little attention on the fish communities that inhabit an ancient coastline at ~125 m depth (the designated AC125), which is specified as a key ecological feature (KEF) of the region and is thought to comprise hard substrate and support enhanced diversity. We investigated drivers of fish species richness and assemblage composition spanning six degrees of latitude along sections of the ancient coastline, categorised as ‘on’ and ‘off’ the AC125 based on depth, across a range of habitats and seafloor complexity (~60–180 m depth). While some surveyed sections of the AC125 had hard bottom substrate and supported enhanced fish diversity, including over half of the total species observed, species richness and abundance overall were not greater on the AC125 than immediately adjacent to the AC125. Instead, depth, seafloor complexity and habitat type explained patterns in richness and abundance, and structured fish assemblages at both local and broad spatial scales. Fewer fishes were associated with deep sites characterized by negligible complexity and soft-bottom habitats, in contrast to shallower depths that featured benthic biota and pockets of complex substrate. Drivers of abundance of common species were species-specific and primarily related to sampling Areas, depth and substrate. Fishes of the ancient coastline and adjacent habitats are representative of mesophotic fish communities of the region, included species important to fisheries and conservation, and several species were observed deeper than their currently known distribution. This study provides the first assessment of fish biodiversity associated with an ancient coastline feature, improving our understanding of the function it plays in regional spatial patterns in abundance of mesophotic fishes. Management decisions that incorporate the broader variety of depths and habitats surrounding the designated AC125 could enhance the ecological role of this KEF, contributing to effective conservation of fish biodiversity on Australia’s north west shelf.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronen Galaiduk
- Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Australian Institute of Marine Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marcus Stowar
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brigit I. Vaughan
- Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Australian Institute of Marine Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karen J. Miller
- Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Australian Institute of Marine Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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6
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Huveneers C, Jaine FRA, Barnett A, Butcher PA, Clarke TM, Currey-Randall LM, Dwyer RG, Ferreira LC, Gleiss AC, Hoenner X, Ierodiaconou D, Lédée EJI, Meekan MG, Pederson H, Rizzari JR, van Ruth PD, Semmens JM, Taylor MD, Udyawer V, Walsh P, Heupel MR, Harcourt R. The power of national acoustic tracking networks to assess the impacts of human activity on marine organisms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Biol Conserv 2021; 256:108995. [PMID: 34580542 PMCID: PMC8457752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2021.108995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 restrictions have led to an unprecedented global hiatus in anthropogenic activities, providing a unique opportunity to assess human impact on biological systems. Here, we describe how a national network of acoustic tracking receivers can be leveraged to assess the effects of human activity on animal movement and space use during such global disruptions. We outline variation in restrictions on human activity across Australian states and describe four mechanisms affecting human interactions with the marine environment: 1) reduction in economy and trade changing shipping traffic; 2) changes in export markets affecting commercial fisheries; 3) alterations in recreational activities; and 4) decline in tourism. We develop a roadmap for the analysis of acoustic tracking data across various scales using Australia's national Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) Animal Tracking Facility as a case study. We illustrate the benefit of sustained observing systems and monitoring programs by assessing how a 51-day break in white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) cage-diving tourism due to COVID-19 restrictions affected the behaviour and space use of two resident species. This cessation of tourism activities represents the longest break since cage-diving vessels started day trips in this area in 2007. Long-term monitoring of the local environment reveals that the activity space of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) was reduced when cage-diving boats were absent compared to periods following standard tourism operations. However, white shark residency and movements were not affected. Our roadmap is globally applicable and will assist researchers in designing studies to assess how anthropogenic activities can impact animal movement and distributions during regional, short-term through to major, unexpected disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Huveneers
- Southern Shark Ecology Group, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Fabrice R A Jaine
- Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) Animal Tracking Facility, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Adam Barnett
- College of Science & Engineering James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Paul A Butcher
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
| | - Thomas M Clarke
- Southern Shark Ecology Group, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | | | - Ross G Dwyer
- Global Change Ecology Research Group, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Adrian C Gleiss
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Xavier Hoenner
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, CSIRO, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Daniel Ierodiaconou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia
| | - Elodie J I Lédée
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Mark G Meekan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | - Justin R Rizzari
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Queenscliff, VIC, 3225, Australia
| | - Paul D van Ruth
- South Australian Research and Development Institute - Aquatic Sciences, West Beach, SA 5024, Australia
| | - Jayson M Semmens
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Matthew D Taylor
- Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Locked Bag 1, Nelson Bay, NSW 2315, Australia
| | - Vinay Udyawer
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia
| | - Peter Walsh
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Michelle R Heupel
- Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Robert Harcourt
- Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) Animal Tracking Facility, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
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7
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Clementi GM, Bakker J, Flowers KI, Postaire BD, Babcock EA, Bond ME, Buddo D, Cardeñosa D, Currey-Randall LM, Goetze JS, Harvey ES, Heupel M, Kiszka JJ, Kyne F, MacNeil MA, Meekan MG, Rees MJ, Simpfendorfer CA, Speed CW, Heithaus MR, Chapman DD. Moray eels are more common on coral reefs subject to higher human pressure in the greater Caribbean. iScience 2021; 24:102097. [PMID: 33681724 PMCID: PMC7918280 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximity and size of the nearest market (‘market gravity’) have been shown to have strong negative effects on coral reef fish communities that can be mitigated by the establishment of closed areas. However, moray eels are functionally unique predators that are generally not subject to targeted fishing and should therefore not directly be affected by these factors. We used baited remote underwater video systems to investigate associations between morays and anthropogenic, habitat, and ecological factors in the Caribbean region. Market gravity had a positive effect on morays, while the opposite pattern was observed in a predator group subject to exploitation (sharks). Environmental DNA analyses corroborated the positive effect of market gravity on morays. We hypothesize that the observed pattern could be the indirect result of the depletion of moray competitors and predators near humans. Baited remote underwater videos and environmental DNA were used to assess morays Market gravity had a strong positive effect on moray abundance Morays and sharks were negatively associated Lack of competitors and predators may explain increased morays on reefs near humans
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M. Clementi
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Judith Bakker
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Kathryn I. Flowers
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Bautisse D. Postaire
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Babcock
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Mark E. Bond
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Dayne Buddo
- The Bay Academy, Bay Ecotarium, The Embarcadero at Beach Street, San Francisco, CA 94133, USA
| | - Diego Cardeñosa
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | | | - Jordan S. Goetze
- Marine Science Program, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, WA, Australia
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, WA, Australia
| | - Euan S. Harvey
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, WA, Australia
| | - Michelle Heupel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Integrated Marine Observing System, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jeremy J. Kiszka
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Fabian Kyne
- University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - M. Aaron MacNeil
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada
| | - Mark G. Meekan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Rees
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Colin A. Simpfendorfer
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Conrad W. Speed
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Michael R. Heithaus
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Demian D. Chapman
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
- Corresponding author
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8
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MacNeil MA, Chapman DD, Heupel M, Simpfendorfer CA, Heithaus M, Meekan M, Harvey E, Goetze J, Kiszka J, Bond ME, Currey-Randall LM, Speed CW, Sherman CS, Rees MJ, Udyawer V, Flowers KI, Clementi G, Valentin-Albanese J, Gorham T, Adam MS, Ali K, Pina-Amargós F, Angulo-Valdés JA, Asher J, Barcia LG, Beaufort O, Benjamin C, Bernard ATF, Berumen ML, Bierwagen S, Bonnema E, Bown RMK, Bradley D, Brooks E, Brown JJ, Buddo D, Burke P, Cáceres C, Cardeñosa D, Carrier JC, Caselle JE, Charloo V, Claverie T, Clua E, Cochran JEM, Cook N, Cramp J, D'Alberto B, de Graaf M, Dornhege M, Estep A, Fanovich L, Farabaugh NF, Fernando D, Flam AL, Floros C, Fourqurean V, Garla R, Gastrich K, George L, Graham R, Guttridge T, Hardenstine RS, Heck S, Henderson AC, Hertler H, Hueter R, Johnson M, Jupiter S, Kasana D, Kessel ST, Kiilu B, Kirata T, Kuguru B, Kyne F, Langlois T, Lédée EJI, Lindfield S, Luna-Acosta A, Maggs J, Manjaji-Matsumoto BM, Marshall A, Matich P, McCombs E, McLean D, Meggs L, Moore S, Mukherji S, Murray R, Kaimuddin M, Newman SJ, Nogués J, Obota C, O'Shea O, Osuka K, Papastamatiou YP, Perera N, Peterson B, Ponzo A, Prasetyo A, Quamar LMS, Quinlan J, Ruiz-Abierno A, Sala E, Samoilys M, Schärer-Umpierre M, Schlaff A, Simpson N, Smith ANH, Sparks L, Tanna A, Torres R, Travers MJ, van Zinnicq Bergmann M, Vigliola L, Ward J, Watts AM, Wen C, Whitman E, Wirsing AJ, Wothke A, Zarza-Gonzâlez E, Cinner JE. Global status and conservation potential of reef sharks. Nature 2020; 583:801-806. [PMID: 32699418 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Decades of overexploitation have devastated shark populations, leaving considerable doubt as to their ecological status1,2. Yet much of what is known about sharks has been inferred from catch records in industrial fisheries, whereas far less information is available about sharks that live in coastal habitats3. Here we address this knowledge gap using data from more than 15,000 standardized baited remote underwater video stations that were deployed on 371 reefs in 58 nations to estimate the conservation status of reef sharks globally. Our results reveal the profound impact that fishing has had on reef shark populations: we observed no sharks on almost 20% of the surveyed reefs. Reef sharks were almost completely absent from reefs in several nations, and shark depletion was strongly related to socio-economic conditions such as the size and proximity of the nearest market, poor governance and the density of the human population. However, opportunities for the conservation of reef sharks remain: shark sanctuaries, closed areas, catch limits and an absence of gillnets and longlines were associated with a substantially higher relative abundance of reef sharks. These results reveal several policy pathways for the restoration and management of reef shark populations, from direct top-down management of fishing to indirect improvement of governance conditions. Reef shark populations will only have a high chance of recovery by engaging key socio-economic aspects of tropical fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aaron MacNeil
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michelle Heupel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Colin A Simpfendorfer
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Heithaus
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mark Meekan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Euan Harvey
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jordan Goetze
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.,Marine Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Kiszka
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mark E Bond
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Conrad W Speed
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C Samantha Sherman
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew J Rees
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Sustainable Ecosystems Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vinay Udyawer
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Arafura Timor Research Facility, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Kathryn I Flowers
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gina Clementi
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Taylor Gorham
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - M Shiham Adam
- International Pole and Line Foundation, Malé, Maldives
| | - Khadeeja Ali
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.,Maldives Marine Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries, Marine Resources and Agriculture, Malé, Maldives
| | - Fabián Pina-Amargós
- Centro de Investigaciones de Ecosistemas Costeros (CIEC), Cayo Coco, Morón, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba
| | - Jorge A Angulo-Valdés
- Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de la Habana, Havana, Cuba.,Galbraith Marine Science Laboratory, Eckerd College, St Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Jacob Asher
- Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Habitat and Living Marine Resources Program, Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Laura García Barcia
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Océane Beaufort
- Réseau requins des Antilles Francaises, Kap Natirel, Vieux-Fort, Guadeloupe
| | - Cecilie Benjamin
- Mahonia Na Dari Research and Conservation Centre, Kimbe, Papua New Guinea
| | - Anthony T F Bernard
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa.,Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Michael L Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stacy Bierwagen
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Erika Bonnema
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Darcy Bradley
- Bren School of Environmental Sciences and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Edd Brooks
- Shark Research and Conservation Program, Cape Eleuthera Institute, Cape Eleuthera, Eleuthera, Bahamas
| | - J Jed Brown
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dayne Buddo
- University of the West Indies, Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, Discovery Bay, Jamaica
| | - Patrick Burke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Camila Cáceres
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Diego Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Jennifer E Caselle
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Thomas Claverie
- CUFR Mayotte & Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Clua
- PSL Research University, LABEX CORAIL, CRIOBE USR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, Mòorea, French Polynesia
| | - Jesse E M Cochran
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neil Cook
- Environmental Research Institute Charlotteville, Charlotteville, Trinidad and Tobago.,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jessica Cramp
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Sharks Pacific, Rarotonga, Cook Islands
| | - Brooke D'Alberto
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin de Graaf
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University & Research, IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mareike Dornhege
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Lanya Fanovich
- Environmental Research Institute Charlotteville, Charlotteville, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Naomi F Farabaugh
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Anna L Flam
- Marine Megafauna Foundation, Truckee, CA, USA
| | - Camilla Floros
- The South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Virginia Fourqurean
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ricardo Garla
- Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Kirk Gastrich
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lachlan George
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Tristan Guttridge
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, South Bimini, Bahamas.,Saving the Blue, Kendall, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Royale S Hardenstine
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephen Heck
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Aaron C Henderson
- Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,The School for Field Studies Center for Marine Resource Studies, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands
| | - Heidi Hertler
- The School for Field Studies Center for Marine Resource Studies, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands
| | - Robert Hueter
- Center for Shark Research, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | | | - Stacy Jupiter
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji
| | - Devanshi Kasana
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Steven T Kessel
- Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Taratu Kirata
- Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Development, Kiritimati, Kiribati
| | - Baraka Kuguru
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Fabian Kyne
- University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Tim Langlois
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elodie J I Lédée
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andrea Luna-Acosta
- Departamento de Ecología y Territorio, Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jade Maggs
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hataitai, New Zealand
| | - B Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto
- Endangered Marine Species Research Unit, Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | | | - Philip Matich
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Dianne McLean
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Llewelyn Meggs
- Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation, Annapolis, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Moore
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation & Attractions, Parks & Wildlife WA, Pilbara Region, Nickol, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sushmita Mukherji
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan Murray
- Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Jagna, The Philippines
| | | | - Stephen J Newman
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, North Beach, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Josep Nogués
- Island Conservation Society Seychelles, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
| | | | - Owen O'Shea
- The Centre for Ocean Research and Education, Gregory Town, Eleuthera, Bahamas
| | - Kennedy Osuka
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Yannis P Papastamatiou
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Bradley Peterson
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Alessandro Ponzo
- Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Jagna, The Philippines
| | - Andhika Prasetyo
- Center for Fisheries Research, Ministry for Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta Utara, Indonesia
| | | | - Jessica Quinlan
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Enric Sala
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Melita Samoilys
- CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya.,Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Audrey Schlaff
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nikola Simpson
- SalvageBlue, Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
| | - Adam N H Smith
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lauren Sparks
- Indo Ocean Project, PT Nomads Diving Bali, Nusa Penida, Indonesia
| | - Akshay Tanna
- Blue Resources Trust, Colombo, Sri Lanka.,Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Rubén Torres
- Reef Check Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Michael J Travers
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, North Beach, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Maurits van Zinnicq Bergmann
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.,Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, South Bimini, Bahamas
| | - Laurent Vigliola
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR ENTROPIE (IRD-UR-UNC-CNRS-IFREMER), Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Juney Ward
- Secretariat of the Pacific Regional, Environment Programme, Apia, Samoa
| | - Alexandra M Watts
- Marine Megafauna Foundation, Truckee, CA, USA.,Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Colin Wen
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Elizabeth Whitman
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aaron J Wirsing
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aljoscha Wothke
- Environmental Research Institute Charlotteville, Charlotteville, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Esteban Zarza-Gonzâlez
- Corales del Rosario and San Bernardo National Natural Park, GIBEAM Research Group, Universidad del Sinú, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Joshua E Cinner
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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9
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Currey-Randall LM, Cappo M, Simpfendorfer CA, Farabaugh NF, Heupel MR. Optimal soak times for Baited Remote Underwater Video Station surveys of reef-associated elasmobranchs. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231688. [PMID: 32384087 PMCID: PMC7209308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective sampling of marine communities is essential to provide robust estimates of species richness and abundance. Baited Remote Underwater Video Stations (BRUVS) are a useful tool in assessment of fish assemblages, but research on the optimal sampling period required to record common and rare elasmobranch species is limited. An appropriate ‘soak time’ (time elapsed between settlement of the BRUVS on the seabed and when it is hauled off the seabed) requires consideration, since longer soak times may be required to record species rare in occurrence, or sightings in areas of generally low elasmobranch abundance. We analysed 5352 BRUVS deployments with a range of soak times across 21 countries in the Coral Triangle and Pacific Ocean, to determine the optimal soak time required for sampling reef-associated elasmobranchs, considering species rarity, and community abundance at each site. Species were categorised into 4 ‘rarity’ groups (very rare to common), by their relative occurrence in the dataset, defined simply by the proportion of BRUVS on which they occurred. Individual BRUVS were categorised into 3 ‘abundance’ groups (low to high) by overall relative elasmobranch abundance, defined as total number of all elasmobranchs sighted per unit of sampling effort. The effects of BRUVS soak times, and levels of rarity and abundance groupings, on the time to first sighting (TFS) and time to maximum number of elasmobranchs observed (tMaxN) were examined. We found that TFS occurred earlier for species groups with high occurrence, and on BRUVS with high elasmobranch abundance, yet longer soak times were not essential to observe rarer species. Our models indicated an optimum of 95% of both sighting event types (TFS, tMaxN) was recorded within 63–77 minutes, and a soak time of 60 minutes recorded 78–94% of the elasmobranch sighting events recorded (78–94% of TFS events and 82–90% of tMaxN events), when species rarity and abundance on BRUVS was accounted for. Our study shows that deployments of ~ 77 minutes are optimal for recording all species we observed, although 60 minutes soak time effectively samples the majority of elasmobranch species in shallow coral reef habitats using BRUVS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mike Cappo
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Colin A. Simpfendorfer
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Naomi F. Farabaugh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michelle R. Heupel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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