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Wagner IV, Savchuk I, Sahlin L, Kulle A, Klöting N, Dietrich A, Holterhus PM, Dötsch J, Blüher M, Söder O. De Novo and Depot-Specific Androgen Production in Human Adipose Tissue: A Source of Hyperandrogenism in Women with Obesity. Obes Facts 2022; 15:281-291. [PMID: 34983051 PMCID: PMC9021649 DOI: 10.1159/000521571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity in women is often associated with hyperandrogenism, but the role of adipose tissue (AT) in androgen synthesis remains unclear. Therefore, we studied whether AT could be a source of androgens promoting hyperandrogenism. METHODS Subcutaneous and visceral (visc) AT was collected from lean and obese women. Androgen levels were evaluated in serum, AT, and cell-culture supernatant. Gene and protein expression of steroidogenic enzymes were determined. RESULTS Obese subjects had elevated serum androgen levels, which reduced after weight loss. Androgens were measurable in AT and in cell-culture supernatants of adipocytes. Steroids were higher in AT from obese women, with the highest difference for testosterone in visc AT (+7.9-fold, p = 0.032). Steroidogenic enzymes were expressed in human AT with depot-specific differences. Obese women showed a significantly higher expression of genes of the backdoor pathway and of CYP19 in visc AT. CONCLUSION The whole steroidogenic machinery of the classical and backdoor pathways of steroidogenesis, and the capacity for androgen biosynthesis, were found in both AT depots and cultured adipocytes. Therefore, we hypothesize that AT is a de novo site of androgen production and the backdoor pathway of steroidogenesis might be a new pathomechanism for hyperandrogenism in women with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Viola Wagner
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, UKSH, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- *Isabel Viola Wagner,
| | - Iuliia Savchuk
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Sahlin
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Kulle
- Hormone Center for Pediatric Endocrinology Lab, University Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB Adiposity Diseases), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen at the University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB Adiposity Diseases), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul-Martin Holterhus
- Hormone Center for Pediatric Endocrinology Lab, University Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB Adiposity Diseases), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olle Söder
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Pampanini V, Wagner M, Asadi-Azarbaijani B, Oskam IC, Sheikhi M, Sjödin MOD, Lindberg J, Hovatta O, Sahlin L, Björvang RD, Otala M, Damdimopoulou P, Jahnukainen K. Impact of first-line cancer treatment on the follicle quality in cryopreserved ovarian samples from girls and young women. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:1674-1685. [PMID: 31411325 PMCID: PMC6736429 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does first-line chemotherapy affect the quality of ovarian pre-antral follicles and stromal tissue in a population of young patients? SUMMARY ANSWER Exposure to first-line chemotherapy significantly impacts follicle viability, size of residual intact follicles, steroid secretion in culture and quality of the stromal compartment. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY First-line chemotherapy is considered to have a low gonadotoxic potential, and as such, does not represent an indication for fertility preservation. Studies investigating the effects of chemotherapy on the quality of ovarian tissue stored for fertility preservation in young patients are limited and the results sometimes contradictory. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We conducted a retrospective cohort study including young patients referred to three centers (Helsinki, Oslo and Tampere) to perform ovarian tissue cryopreservation for fertility preservation between 2003 and 2018. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A total of 43 patients (age 1-24 years) were included in the study. A total of 25 were exposed to first-line chemotherapy before cryopreservation, whereas 18 patients were not. Density and size of follicles divided by developmental stages, prevalence of atretic follicles, health of the stromal compartment and functionality of the tissue in culture were evaluated and related to age and chemotherapy exposure. Activation of dormant follicles and DNA damage were also assessed. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Patients exposed to first-line chemotherapy showed a significantly higher density of atretic primordial and intermediary follicles than untreated patients. The intact primordial and intermediary follicles were significantly smaller in size in patients exposed to chemotherapy. Production of steroids in culture was also significantly impaired and a higher content of collagen and DNA damage was observed in the stromal compartment of treated patients. Collectively, these observations may indicate reduced quality and developmental capacity of follicles as a consequence of first-line chemotherapy exposure. Neither increased activation of dormant follicles nor elevated levels of DNA damage in oocyte nuclei were found in patients exposed to chemotherapy. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The two groups were not homogeneous in terms of age and the patients were exposed to different treatments, which did not allow us to distinguish the effect of specific agents. The limited material availability did not allow us to perform all the analyses on the entire set of patients. WIDER IMPLICATION OF THE FINDINGS This study provides for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the effects of first-line chemotherapy on the health, density and functionality of follicles categorized according to the developmental stage in patients under 24 years of age. When exposed to these treatments, patients were considered at low/medium risk of infertility. Our data suggest a profound impact of these relatively safe therapies on ovarian health and encourages further exploration of this effect in follow-up studies in order to optimize fertility preservation for young cancer patients. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by the Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation, the Finnish Cancer Society, the Finnish Pediatric Research Foundation, the Väre Foundation for Pediatric Cancer Research, The Swedish Research Council, the Stockholm County Council (ALF project) and Karolinska Institutet. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pampanini
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Wagner
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Irma C Oskam
- The Animal Production Experimental Centre at the Norwegian University for Life Sciences, Oslo Norway
| | - Mona Sheikhi
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm IVF-Eugin, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus O D Sjödin
- Unit of Toxicological Sciences, Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Johan Lindberg
- Unit of Toxicological Sciences, Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Outi Hovatta
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Sahlin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Richelle D Björvang
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit of Toxicological Sciences, Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Marjut Otala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit of Toxicological Sciences, Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Kirsi Jahnukainen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.,Division of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Paulson M, Sahlin L, Hirschberg AL. Endometrial expression of anti-Müllerian hormone and its type II receptor in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 41:128-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Pampanini V, Wagner M, Asadi-Azarbaijani B, Oskam IC, Sheikhi M, Sjödin MOD, Lindberg J, Hovatta O, Sahlin L, Bjorvang RD, Otala M, Damdimopoulou P, Jahnukainen K. Reply: Impact of first-line cancer treatment on follicle quality in cryopreserved ovarian samples. Hum Reprod 2020; 35:1249-1251. [PMID: 32281630 PMCID: PMC7259367 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pampanini
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Wagner
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Irma C Oskam
- The Animal Production Experimental Centre, Norwegian University for Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona Sheikhi
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm IVF-Eugin, 12063 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus O D Sjödin
- Unit of Toxicological Sciences, Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, 15136 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Johan Lindberg
- Unit of Toxicological Sciences, Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, 15136 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Outi Hovatta
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Sahlin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Richelle D Bjorvang
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit of Toxicological Sciences, Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, 15136 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Marjut Otala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit of Toxicological Sciences, Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, 15136 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Kirsi Jahnukainen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Sweden.,Division of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland
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Paulson M, Norstedt G, Sahlin L, Hirschberg AL. Association between prolactin receptor expression and proliferation in the endometrium of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:226-232. [PMID: 31389293 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1650343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer. There is growing evidence that prolactin and its receptor (PRLR) are involved in the development of cancer. We assessed endometrial expression of PRLR mRNA, and immunostaining of PRLR and the proliferation marker Ki67 on different cycle days in obese (OB-PCOS) and normal-weight women with PCOS and body mass index-matched controls. The OB-PCOS group underwent a 3 months lifestyle intervention. Prior to intervention, obese women with PCOS and controls had lower endometrial levels of PRLR mRNA in proliferative endometrium than the normal-weight groups (p < .05). After intervention, six OB-PCOS women had confirmed ovulation, while 12 remained anovulatory. Both these subgroups displayed higher immunostaining of PRLR in endometrial stroma, and in the anovulatory subgroup also increased Ki67, on cycle days 21-23 compared with controls (p < .05). In obese controls, the PRLR mRNA expression was decreased in secretory endometrium compared with proliferative endometrium (p = .004). A corresponding change within the cycle was not found in OB-PCOS women. Immunostaining of PRLR in the secretory phase correlated positively with Ki67 (p < .05) in the endometrium. These observations suggest that short-term lifestyle intervention can restore ovulation but not normalize PRLR expression in the endometrium of obese women with PCOS. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN18400086, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN18400086.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Paulson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Norstedt
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lena Sahlin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Nordfertil Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hofsjö A, Bohm-Starke N, Bergmark K, Masironi B, Sahlin L. Sex steroid hormone receptor expression in the vaginal wall in cervical cancer survivors after radiotherapy. Acta Oncol 2019; 58:1107-1115. [PMID: 30957588 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2019.1598574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Sex steroid hormones and their receptors are important in female sexual function. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and distribution of estrogen receptor (ER)α, ERβ, G-protein-coupled ER-1 (GPER), androgen receptor (AR), progesterone receptor (PR)A, PRB and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the vaginal wall among women who had been treated for cervical cancer with radiotherapy. Material and methods: We included cervical cancer survivors treated with radiotherapy and premenopausal control women of the same age scheduled for benign gynecological surgery. We analyzed the expression and distribution of sex steroid hormone receptors and CTGF in biopsies from the vaginal wall, by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Serum samples were analyzed for hormone levels and radiation dose at biopsy site were calculated and correlated to levels of the sex steroid hormone receptors. Results: In the cervical cancer survivors (n = 34), we found a lower expression of ERα at both mRNA and protein levels, compared to the control women (n = 37). In the survivors with high radiation dose at biopsy site, the immunostaining of ERα and AR was lower in the epithelium and the stroma, compared to survivors with minimal radiation dose. The later group showed expression of ERα comparable to the control women. The cancer survivors were sufficiently substituted with systemic estradiol with no difference in the serum estradiol levels compared to control women. Conclusions: We found that external radiation reduces the ERα and AR protein expression in the vaginal mucosa, indicating that the vaginal changes in irradiated cervical cancer survivors and the lack of response to hormonal treatment could be due to the decreases in sex steroid hormone receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hofsjö
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Gynecological Oncology, Cancer Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Bohm-Starke
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital (KI DS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Bergmark
- Department of Oncology, Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt Masironi
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Sahlin
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Nordfertil Research Lab Stockholm, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Tamminen T, Sahlin L, Masironi-Malm B, Dahlbom M, Katila T, Taponen J, Laitinen-Vapaavuori O. Expression of uterine oxytocin receptors and blood progesterone, 13,14-dihydro-15-Keto-Prostaglandin F 2α, and ionized calcium levels in dystocic bitches. Theriogenology 2019; 135:38-45. [PMID: 31200095 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the etiology of canine dystocia by measuring the relative expression of oxytocin receptor (OXTR) mRNA and the concentration of serum progesterone, plasma PGF2α metabolite (PGFM), and blood ionized calcium (iCa) near term and in dystocia. Altogether 58 bitches were included in this study, 41 of which underwent cesarean section (CS). The four CS groups were based on history: complete uterine inertia (CUI; n = 7), partial uterine inertia (PUI; n = 13), obstructive dystocia (OD; n = 10), and elective cesarean section (ECS; n = 11). An additional group of medically treated dystocia without CS (MD; n = 8) and a control group (C; n = 9) with normal parturition (without CS and medical treatment) were also formed. Blood samples were taken prior to CS or medical treatment. Progesterone concentrations were highest in the ECS and a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between the ECS and the OD and between the ECS and the combined dystocia (CUI, PUI, OD, MD) groups (COMB). Highest concentrations of PGFM was observed in the C, the difference being significant (p < 0.05) between the C and the ECS and between the C and the COMB group. The progesterone:PGFM ratio was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the ECS than in the C and the COMB group. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in iCa concentrations between the groups. Relative OXTR mRNA expression was evaluated with real-time PCR from full-thickness uterine samples taken from the incision site during CS. The expression was highest in the ECS and the difference in expression was significant (p < 0.05) between the ECS and the OD and between ECS and the combined dystocia (CUI, PUI, OD) groups (COMB2). The study supports previous reports of decreasing progesterone and increasing PGFM during prepartum luteolysis. Upregulation of OXTR occurs near term. In obstructive dystocia, a prolonged influence of oxytocin and uterine exhaustion may lead to downregulation of OXTR. Complete primary uterine inertia may have a different etiology as no clear decrease in OXTR was observed in CUI as in OD. It remains unclear if parturition ceases because of uterine inertia or if uterine inertia occurs because of ceased parturition and desensitization of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuire Tamminen
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Paroninkuja 20, 04920, Saarentaus, Finland.
| | - Lena Sahlin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64, Solna, Sweden
| | - Britt Masironi-Malm
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64, Solna, Sweden
| | - Merja Dahlbom
- Veterinary Clinic of Mäntsälä, Mäntymäentie 3, 04600, Mäntsälä, Finland
| | - Terttu Katila
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Paroninkuja 20, 04920, Saarentaus, Finland
| | - Juhani Taponen
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Paroninkuja 20, 04920, Saarentaus, Finland
| | - Outi Laitinen-Vapaavuori
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Viikintie 49, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
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Pampanini V, Jahnukainen K, Sahlin L, Germani D, Puglianiello A, Cianfarani S, Söder O. Impact of uteroplacental insufficiency on ovarian follicular pool in the rat. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:10. [PMID: 30630482 PMCID: PMC6329190 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A low oxygen supply to the fetus causes intrauterine growth restriction and can affect gonadal development of the offspring, having a potential impact on fertility. We investigated histology and gene expression in the postnatal rat ovary after fetal hypoxia induced by uterine artery ligation. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats underwent uterine artery ligation at day 19 of gestation. Offspring were sacrificed at 5, 20 and 40 days post-partum. Follicles were counted and classified in hematoxylin-eosin stained sections. Gene expression of 90 genes was analyzed by TaqMan® Low Density Array. RESULTS A significantly lower number of total and primordial follicles was detected in 20 days post-partum intrauterine growth restricted animals. Follicle density was not different at 40 days post-partum, suggesting that compensatory mechanisms occurred during the pre-pubertal window. Uterine artery ligation modified the expression of 24 genes involved in different cellular functions, among which proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism. CONCLUSION Ovarian follicle pool was affected by fetal hypoxia in early life, but this effect did not persist in puberty. Genes involved in cellular processes were affected at all ages, potentially implying long-term genetic alterations. Further analyses are needed to elucidate later effects of fetal hypoxia on ovarian function and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pampanini
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Visionsgatan 4; J9:30, SE-171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kirsi Jahnukainen
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Visionsgatan 4; J9:30, SE-171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Sahlin
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Visionsgatan 4; J9:30, SE-171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniela Germani
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Cianfarani
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Visionsgatan 4; J9:30, SE-171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital - Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Olle Söder
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Visionsgatan 4; J9:30, SE-171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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Albalushi H, Sahlin L, Åkesson E, Kurek M, Kjartansdóttir KR, Lindh R, Söder O, Rotstein E, Hovatta O, Stukenborg JB. Hormone Production by Human First-Trimester Gonads in a Functional In Vitro System. Endocrinology 2019; 160:133-142. [PMID: 30418555 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the past, explant tissue-culture methodologies have been used to grow gonads and study their development. Results from in vitro cultures of human gonads showed limited progress toward gonadal cell differentiation and were focused mainly on germ-cell differentiation. Thus, detailed studies focusing on human first-trimester gonadal tissue functionality in vitro are still missing. In this study we investigated the endocrine function of human first-trimester gonads in vitro. We included 27 female and 28 male gonadal samples, derived from a total of 55 cases, at postconceptional ages of 4.5 to 10.5 weeks. Tissues were cultured using an explant tissue-culture system for 14 days. Assays for testosterone (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH; ELISA), and inhibin B (ELISA) were performed using media collected after 7 and 14 days of culture. We demonstrated sex- and age-dependent secretion profiles of testosterone, AMH, and inhibin B in the culture media, which resemble the pattern of hormone production in human gonads in vivo, from the few available studies at the same age range. Our study shows that explant tissue-culture conditions are robust for culture of human first-trimester gonadal somatic cells. Thus, it can be used to study human gonadal development and related diseases as well as the effect of potentially hormone-disturbing substances in human gonads during development. However, detailed molecular studies are needed for better understanding of the mechanistic control of the endocrine function of human first-trimester gonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima Albalushi
- NORDFERTIL Research Laboratory Stockholm, Solna, Sweden
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sultan Qaboos University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Muscat, Oman
| | - Lena Sahlin
- NORDFERTIL Research Laboratory Stockholm, Solna, Sweden
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Åkesson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- R&D Unit, Stockholms Sjukhem, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Kurek
- NORDFERTIL Research Laboratory Stockholm, Solna, Sweden
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristín Rós Kjartansdóttir
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rika Lindh
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Söder
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilia Rotstein
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Outi Hovatta
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan-Bernd Stukenborg
- NORDFERTIL Research Laboratory Stockholm, Solna, Sweden
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Eifler L, Hoffmann A, Wagner IV, Klöting N, Sahlin L, Ebert T, Jessnitzer B, Lössner U, Stumvoll M, Söder O, Fasshauer M, Kralisch S. Leptin restores markers of female fertility in lipodystrophy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3292-3297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Wagner IV, Sahlin L, Savchuk I, Klöting N, Svechnikov K, Söder O. Adipose Tissue is a Potential Source of Hyperandrogenism in Obese Female Rats. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1161-1167. [PMID: 29901265 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity in females is often associated with metabolic complications and hyperandrogenism, but the sources of androgens are not completely understood. Therefore, this study investigated whether adipose tissue could be a source of androgens promoting hyperandrogenism development in obese female rats. METHODS Gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes and testosterone levels were determined in periovarian and inguinal adipose tissue and in the supernatant of cultured preadipocytes and adipocytes. The conversion of pregnenolone to androgens was analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. RESULTS Substantial amounts of testosterone in adipose tissue (25-153 ng/g tissue) and in the supernatant of adipocytes (0.33-0.69 ng/ten thousand cells]) were found. StAR and steroidogenic enzymes encoded by genes including Cyp11A1, Cyp17A1, Cyp19, Hsd3b2, Hsd17b3, and Srd5a2 were expressed in adipose tissue and cultured cells. Thin layer chromatography data revealed that preadipocytes and adipocytes were able to convert pregnenolone to testosterone. Higher levels for all steroidogenic enzymes were found in both depots of obese animals compared with lean animals, with significantly higher levels in inguinal tissue. CONCLUSIONS The whole steroidogenic machinery and capacity for testosterone biosynthesis were found in fat depots of female rats. These findings support the hypothesis that adipose tissue may contribute substantially to the hyperandrogenism in female obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Viola Wagner
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB Adiposity Diseases), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lena Sahlin
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Nordfertil Research Lab Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iuliia Savchuk
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nora Klöting
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB Adiposity Diseases), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konstantin Svechnikov
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Söder
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Fahlén M, Zhang H, Löfgren L, Masironi B, VON Schoultz E, VON Schoultz BO, Sahlin L. Expression of Progesterone and Androgen Receptors in the Breast of Premenopausal Women, Considering Menstrual Phase. Anticancer Res 2018; 38:1499-1510. [PMID: 29491078 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progesterone and androgens are important for normal development and tumorigenesis of the breast. PATIENTS AND METHODS Breast tissue samples from 49 premenopausal women were obtained. The progesterone receptors (PRA, PRB, PGRMC1 and PGRMC2) and the androgen receptor (AR) were determined in malignant and benign breast tumors and control tissues. RESULTS The PRB and AR mRNA levels were highest in tumors. PGRMC1 and PGRMC2 mRNA levels were higher in malignant tumors compared to their paired normal tissues. PRA protein showed most immunostaining in benign tumors. PRB immunostaining varied according to menstrual phase. AR immunostaining was highest in the glands of malignant tumors. CONCLUSION Progesterone and androgen receptors are differently regulated in tumors compared to normal breast tissues. A malignant breast tumor could appear PR-negative if collected in the luteal phase, but positive in the follicular phase. This finding may have clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Fahlén
- Capio St. Göran's Hospital, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden .,Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hua Zhang
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Nordfertil Research Lab, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Löfgren
- Capio St. Göran's Hospital, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britt Masironi
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Nordfertil Research Lab, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva VON Schoultz
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B O VON Schoultz
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Sahlin
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Nordfertil Research Lab, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fahlén M, Zhang H, Löfgren L, Masironi B, von Schoultz E, von Schoultz B, Sahlin L. Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, syndecan-1 and connective tissue growth factor in benign and malignant breast tissue from premenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:353-358. [PMID: 28277128 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1260109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal factors have been identified as important for tumorigenesis and metastases of breast cancer. From 49 premenopausal women, samples were collected from benign or malignant tumors and the seemingly normal tissue adjacent to the tumor. The factors studied, with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry, were cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-1 and COX-2), syndecan-1 (S-1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). COX-1 and S-1 mRNA levels were higher in the malignant tumors than in normal and benign tissues. The COX-2 mRNA level was lower in the malignant tumor than in the normal tissue, while CTGF mRNA did not differ between the groups. COX-1 immunostaining was higher in stroma from malignant tumors than in benign tissues, whereas COX-2 immunostaining was higher in the malignant tissue. Glandular S-1 immunostaining was lower in malignant tumors compared to benign and normal tissues, and the opposite was found in stroma. Conclusively, mRNA levels of COX-1 and COX-2 were oppositely regulated, with COX-1 being increased in the malignant tumor while COX-2 was decreased. S-1 protein localization switched from glandular to stromal cells in malignant tissues. Thus, these markers are, in premenopausal women, localized and regulated differently in normal/benign breast tissue as compared to the malignant tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fahlén
- a Capio St Göran's Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
- b Department of Oncology and Pathology
- c Pediatric Endocrinology Unit , and
| | - H Zhang
- c Pediatric Endocrinology Unit , and
| | - L Löfgren
- a Capio St Göran's Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | | | - B von Schoultz
- d Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - L Sahlin
- c Pediatric Endocrinology Unit , and
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Paulson M, Sahlin L, Hirschberg AL. Progesterone Receptors and Proliferation of the Endometrium in Obese Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-A Lifestyle Intervention Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:1244-1253. [PMID: 28388727 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer. This is usually explained by chronic anovulation and deficient progesterone activity. However, the role of progesterone receptors (PRs) in endometrial proliferation is unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate PRs in relation to endometrial proliferation in women with PCOS. DESIGN Cross-sectional study and lifestyle intervention. SETTING Clinical and laboratory research unit at a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS Twenty obese women with PCOS and 10 age- and body mass index-matched regularly menstruating controls. INTERVENTION Dietary management and physical exercise. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Endometrial messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and immunostaining of the nuclear PRs A (PRA) and B (PRB), nongenomic progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) and 2 (PGRMC2), and proliferation marker Ki67. RESULTS Before lifestyle intervention, mRNA expression of PRAB was lower while PRB was higher in proliferative endometrium of obese women with PCOS compared with controls (P < 0.05). After lifestyle intervention and weight loss, mRNA expression of PRAB was still low but PRB mRNA decreased and was not different to controls in proliferative endometrium (P < 0.01). The subgroup of PCOS women who remained anovulatory displayed higher protein levels of PRB, PGRMC1, PGRMC2 and of the proliferative marker Ki67 on cycle days 21 to 23 than controls (P < 0.05). In contrast, the subgroup of PCOS women with confirmed ovulation showed immunostaining, including Ki67, in secretory endometrium that was not different to controls, except for higher PRA (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle intervention improves, but not fully restores PR expression and decreases proliferation in secretory endometrium of obese PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Paulson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Lena Sahlin
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
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Tamminen TM, Sahlin L, Masironi B, Taponen J, Laitinen-Vapaavuori O, Katila T. Oxytocin receptors in dioestrous and anoestrous canine uteri. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 52:153-159. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- TM Tamminen
- Department of Production Animal Medicine; University of Helsinki; Saarentaus Finland
| | - L Sahlin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - B Masironi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - J Taponen
- Department of Production Animal Medicine; University of Helsinki; Saarentaus Finland
| | - O Laitinen-Vapaavuori
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - T Katila
- Department of Production Animal Medicine; University of Helsinki; Saarentaus Finland
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16
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Fahlén M, Zhang H, Löfgren L, Masironi B, VON Schoultz E, VON Schoultz BO, Sahlin L. Expression of Estrogen Receptors in Relation to Hormone Levels and the Nottingham Prognostic Index. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:2839-2847. [PMID: 27272795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen hormones have a large impact on both normal development and tumorigenesis of the breast. MATERIALS AND METHODS Breast tissue samples from 49 women undergoing surgery were included. The estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), ERα36 and G-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER) were determined in benign and malignant breast tissue. RESULTS The ERα36 and ERα mRNA levels were highest in malignant tumors. Stromal ERβ immunostaining in benign tumors was higher than in the paired normal tissue. GPER expression was lowest in benign tumors. In the malignant tumors, the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) correlated positively with stromal GPER and the serum testosterone level. The serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level correlated negatively with GPER mRNA and glandular ERα. CONCLUSION The expression of ERα36 is stronger in malignant breast tissue. The strong positive correlation between NPI and GPER in malignant breast stroma indicates an important role for GPER in breast cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Fahlén
- Capio St Göran's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hua Zhang
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | | | - Britt Masironi
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva VON Schoultz
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B O VON Schoultz
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Sahlin
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hulchiy M, Nybacka Å, Sahlin L, Hirschberg AL. Endometrial Expression of Estrogen Receptors and the Androgen Receptor in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Lifestyle Intervention Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:561-71. [PMID: 26649621 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of anovulation. It may also negatively affect the endometrium, which could lead to implantation failure and proliferative aberrations. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to study sex hormone receptors in the endometrium of women with PCOS. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study and lifestyle intervention. SETTING Clinical and laboratory research unit was undertaken at a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS Twenty overweight/obese women fulfilling all three PCOS criteria (anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries), 10 body mass index-matched regularly menstruating controls, 11 normal-weight women with PCOS, and 11 normal-weight controls. INTERVENTION Intervention for this study included dietary management and physical exercise. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES mRNA levels and immunostaining of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ), nongenomic estrogen receptor α36 (ERα36), and G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER), and the androgen receptor (AR) on cycle days 6-8 and cycle days 21-23. RESULTS Before intervention, mRNA levels of ERα, ERα36, and the ERα/ERβ mRNA ratio were lower in proliferative endometrium of overweight/obese PCOS women compared with controls (P < .05). After intervention, ERα protein and the ERα/ERβ protein ratio in proliferative endometrium increased and were higher in PCOS women with improved menstrual function than in those without improvement (P < .05). In the subgroup of PCOS women with restored ovulation, only higher protein levels of GPER were found in secretory endometrium (P < .01). However, PCOS women who remained anovulatory had higher protein levels of ERα, GPER, and AR on cycle days 21-23 than controls (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle intervention alters, but does not fully restore, ER and AR expression in proliferative and secretory endometrium of obese women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Hulchiy
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.H., Å.N, A.L.H.) and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (M.H. L.S.), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; National O. Bohomolets Medical University (M.H.), Kyiv, Ukraine; Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics (Å.N.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Nybacka
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.H., Å.N, A.L.H.) and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (M.H. L.S.), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; National O. Bohomolets Medical University (M.H.), Kyiv, Ukraine; Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics (Å.N.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Sahlin
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.H., Å.N, A.L.H.) and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (M.H. L.S.), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; National O. Bohomolets Medical University (M.H.), Kyiv, Ukraine; Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics (Å.N.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.H., Å.N, A.L.H.) and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (M.H. L.S.), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; National O. Bohomolets Medical University (M.H.), Kyiv, Ukraine; Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics (Å.N.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Roos N, Blesson CS, Stephansson O, Masironi B, Vladic Stjernholm Y, Ekman-Ordeberg G, Sahlin L. The expression of prostaglandin receptors EP3 and EP4 in human cervix in post-term pregnancy differs between failed and successful labor induction. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013; 93:159-67. [DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Roos
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology and the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit Q2:08; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H2:01; Department of Women's and Children's Health; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Chellakkan S. Blesson
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology and the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit Q2:08; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Olof Stephansson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H2:01; Department of Women's and Children's Health; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit; Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Britt Masironi
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology and the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit Q2:08; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ylva Vladic Stjernholm
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H2:01; Department of Women's and Children's Health; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Gunvor Ekman-Ordeberg
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H2:01; Department of Women's and Children's Health; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Lena Sahlin
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology and the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit Q2:08; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
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Abstract
CONCLUSION No nuclear progesterone receptors were found in human or rat stria vascularis, organ of Corti or spiral ganglion with immunohistochemistry or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Progesterone receptor B (PR-B) was found with Western blot in the cochlea, probably representing the staining in the cochlear bone. The effect of progesterone on hearing is therefore most likely not due to a direct action on the inner ear. OBJECTIVES Studies suggest that progesterone as a component in hormone replacement therapy has a negative effect on hearing thresholds and otoacoustic emissions in pre- and postmenopausal women and mice. This study was designed to examine the presence of PRs in the cochlea of humans and rats. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining of PR protein in humans and rats, PCR of PR-B mRNA expression, and Western blot of PR-A and PR-B protein in rats was performed. RESULTS No nuclear staining could be found for any PR in human or rat inner ear except the PR-B staining in the cochlear bone. No mRNA expression was detected by PCR. PR-B could be detected in Western blot performed on the whole cochlea including bone.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cochlea/drug effects
- Cochlea/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/chemically induced
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/metabolism
- Hormone Replacement Therapy/adverse effects
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous/drug effects
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Progesterone/adverse effects
- Progestins/adverse effects
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Progesterone/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Bonnard
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet
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Blesson CS, Sahlin L. Expression pattern and signalling pathways in neutrophil like HL-60 cells after treatment with estrogen receptor selective ligands. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 361:179-90. [PMID: 22554835 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens play a role in the regulation of genes associated with inflammation and immunity in neutrophils. Estrogen signalling is mediated by estrogen receptor (ER)α, ERβ, and G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER). The mechanisms by which estrogen regulate genes in neutrophils are poorly understood. Our aim was to identify the presence of ERs and to characterize estrogen responsive genes in terminally differentiated neutrophil like HL-60 (nHL-60) cells using estradiol and selective ER agonists. ERs were identified by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Microarray technique was used to screen for differentially expressed genes and the selected genes were verified by quantitative PCR. We show the presence of functional ERα, ERβ and GPER. Microarray analysis showed the presence of genes that are uniquely regulated by a single ligand and also genes that are regulated by multiple ligands. We conclude that ERs are functionally active in nHL-60 cells regulating genes involved in key physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chellakkan Selvanesan Blesson
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology and The Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Blesson CS, Büttner E, Masironi B, Sahlin L. Prostaglandin receptors EP and FP are regulated by estradiol and progesterone in the uterus of ovariectomized rats. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:3. [PMID: 22257560 PMCID: PMC3278370 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandins are important for female reproduction. Prostaglandin-E2 acts via four different receptor subtypes, EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4 whereas prostaglandin-F2alpha acts through FP. The functions of prostaglandins depend on the expression of their receptors in different uterine cell types. Our aim was to investigate the expression of EPs and FP in rat uterus and to identify the regulation by estradiol, progesterone and estrogen receptor (ER) selective agonists. METHODS We performed four different rat experiments involving treatments with estradiol, progesterone and ER agonists. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were employed to evaluate receptor expression. RESULTS Our results showed that all mRNAs and proteins of EPs and FP are expressed in the rat uterus. The expression pattern and intensity of immunostaining vary between different cell types and treatments. The mRNA expression of all EPs and FP are downregulated by estradiol and the ERalpha specific agonist PPT, whereas the ERbeta specific agonist DPN downregulates only EP2 and EP4. The protein expression however, showed an increase in EP2 and EP3 after estradiol treatment. When treated with estradiol and progesterone in combination, the expressions of EP1 and EP3 are upregulated. CONCLUSIONS Regulation of EPs and FP expression by estradiol appears to be mainly modulated via ERalpha for EP1, EP3 and FP, while EP2 and EP4 also are affected by the ERbeta selective ligand. Our immunohistochemical data shows a cell specific regulation of prostaglandin receptors under the influence of ovarian steroids, where EP2 is estrogen regulated in all uterine tissues examined. EP1 and EP3 are upregulated by the combination of estradiol and progesterone. Thus, our observations indicate that estradiol and progesterone regulate the mRNA and protein expression of EPs and FP in a receptor and tissue specific way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chellakkan S Blesson
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology and the Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edgar Büttner
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology and the Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britt Masironi
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology and the Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Sahlin
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology and the Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Roos N, Kieler H, Sahlin L, Ekman-Ordeberg G, Falconer H, Stephansson O. Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: population based cohort study. BMJ 2011; 343:d6309. [PMID: 21998337 PMCID: PMC3192872 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d6309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, taking into account maternal characteristics and assisted reproductive technology. DESIGN Population based cohort study. SETTING Singleton births registered in the Swedish medical birth register between 1995 and 2007. PARTICIPANTS By linkage with the Swedish patient register, 3787 births among women with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome and 1,191,336 births among women without such a diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, stillbirth, neonatal death, low Apgar score (<7 at five minutes), meconium aspiration, large for gestational age, macrosomia, small for gestational age), adjusted for maternal characteristics (body mass index, age), socioeconomic factors (educational level, and cohabitating with infant's father), and assisted reproductive technology. RESULTS Women with polycystic ovary syndrome were more often obese and more commonly used assisted reproductive technology than women without such a diagnosis (60.6% v 34.8% and 13.7% v 1.5%). Polycystic ovary syndrome was strongly associated with pre-eclampsia (adjusted odds ratio 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.24 to 1.69) and very preterm birth (2.21, 1.69 to 2.90) and the risk of gestational diabetes was more than doubled (2.32, 1.88 to 2.88). Infants born to mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome were more prone to be large for gestational age (1.39, 1.19 to 1.62) and were at increased risk of meconium aspiration (2.02, 1.13 to 3.61) and having a low Apgar score (<7) at five minutes (1.41, 1.09 to 1.83). CONCLUSIONS Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes that cannot be explained by assisted reproductive technology. These women may need increased surveillance during pregnancy and parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Roos
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, H2:01, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Bianchi C, Sahlin L, Meikle A, Masironi B, Cavilla M, Aba M. Endometrial population of oestrogen receptors alpha and beta and progesterone receptors A and B during the different phases of the follicular wave of llamas (Lama glama). Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 45:872-80. [PMID: 19548916 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01401.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the distribution of oestrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ as well as both progesterone receptors isoforms progesterone receptor (PR) A and PRB in the luminal and glandular epithelia and stroma of the endometrium during the different phases of the follicular wave in llamas. Six llamas were examined by transrectal ultrasonography, and a transcervical biopsy was obtained when a follicle at the growing, plateau and regressing phase was recorded. Blood samples were collected at the time of biopsy for hormone determinations. An immunohistochemical technique was used to study receptor populations. Total positive area was evaluated in the different cell types by Image Analysis. Mean diameter measurements of the largest follicle were 6.9, 8.5 and 5.1 mm (p < 0.001) and mean plasma oestradiol-17β concentrations were 27.9 ± 3.26; 30.0 ± 2.79 and 24.0 ± 1.78 pmol/l (p = 0.32) during the growing, plateau and regressing phases, respectively. Immunostaining of ERα was higher in the luminal epithelium during the plateau and regressing phases (p < 0.05) than during the growing phase. More positive cells to ERβ were observed in the glandular epithelium of the growing and plateau phases (p < 0.05) than during the regressing phase. A higher percentage of cells positive to PRB was recorded in the luminal and glandular epithelia during the plateau phase (p < 0.05), while the PRA immunostaining was similar among phases. In brief, this study showed an increased population of ERα and PRB in the luminal epithelium, and only of PRB in the glandular epithelium at the time when an ovulatory follicle is present. The physiological importance of these changes in llamas remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cp Bianchi
- Área de Endocrinología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Akram SK, Sahlin L, Ostlund E, Hagenäs L, Fried G, Söder O. Placental IGF-I, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor expression, and maternal anthropometry in growth-restricted pregnancies in the Swedish population. Horm Res Paediatr 2011; 75:131-7. [PMID: 20962507 DOI: 10.1159/000320466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Fetal growth restriction is a complex problem of pregnancy arising from multiple etiologies. Key regulatory elements of growth are the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis, and estrogen and progesterone receptors. The aims were to determine the relations of expression of IGF-I, estrogen receptors α and β (ERα and ERβ, respectively), and progesterone receptor (PR), with maternal anthropometry, focusing on birth weight outcomes. METHODS Placental samples were obtained from 33 patients following delivery. mRNA expression was determined by a solution hybridization technique. Samples were divided into normal control (NC) and growth-restricted (GR) groups. RESULTS IGF-I expression was lower in the GR as compared to the NC group. PR levels correlated positively with IGF-I expression, infant anthropometry, and gestational age (GR). ERα correlated positively with PR expression (NC), and maternal BMI at delivery (GR). ERβ correlated positively with maternal delivery weight and gestational age (NC). CONCLUSION The differences in placental expression of IGF-I emphasize its key role in birth weight outcomes. We further suggest the importance of PR expression in the pathogenesis of intrauterine growth restriction, as there were direct correlations of PR expression with both IGF-I expression and infant anthropometric parameters, as well as gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Akram
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. shahzad.akram @ ki.se
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Roos N, Sahlin L, Ekman-Ordeberg G, Kieler H, Stephansson O. Maternal risk factors for postterm pregnancy and cesarean delivery following labor induction. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2010; 89:1003-10. [PMID: 20636240 DOI: 10.3109/00016349.2010.500009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate risk factors associated with postterm pregnancy and cesarean delivery following labor induction. DESIGN Population-based cohort study. SETTING Sweden. POPULATION From the Swedish Medical Birth Register, a total of 1,176,131 singletons births from gestational week 37 and onwards, between 1992 and 2006. METHODS Unconditional logistic regression analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Risk of postterm pregnancy (delivery at >or=42 weeks) and cesarean delivery following labor induction. RESULTS Among 1,176,131 births, 8.94% were delivered postterm. Compared to normal weight women, the risk of postterm pregnancy in obese women was almost doubled (adjusted OR: 1.63, 95% CI 1.59-1.67). The risk of postterm pregnancy increased with increasing maternal age and was higher among primiparous women. The risk of cesarean section (CS) following labor induction postterm, increased with maternal age and BMI, and was more than doubled among women 35 years and older (adjusted OR 2.28, 95% CI 2.04-2.56). A fivefold risk of CS was seen among nulliparous women (adjusted OR 5.05, 95% CI 4.71-5.42). Parous women with a previous CS undergoing labor induction had a sevenfold increased risk of CS postterm (adjusted OR 7.19, 95% CI 5.93-8.71). CONCLUSIONS Nulliparity, advanced maternal age and obesity were the strongest risk factors for postterm pregnancy and CS following labor induction in postterm pregnancy. Including maternal risk factors to the cervical assessment may improve prediction of vaginal delivery following labor induction in postterm pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Roos
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Roos N, Sahlin L, Ekman-Ordeberg G, Falconer H, Kieler H, Stephansson O, Davies M, Moore VM, Willson K, Chan A, Haan E, Delbaere I, Gerris J, De Neubourg D, Vansteelandt S, Martens G, Verdonk P, De Sutter P, Temmerman M, Viot G, Epelboin S, Olivennes F. Session 36: Complications. Hum Reprod 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/de.25.s1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Simonoska R, Stenberg A, Masironi B, Sahlin L, Hultcrantz M. Estrogen receptors in the inner ear during different stages of pregnancy and development in the rat. Acta Otolaryngol 2009; 129:1175-81. [PMID: 19863307 DOI: 10.3109/00016480802691150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION ERalpha and ERbeta are present in the inner ear and are up- and down-regulated depending on the stage of maturation, development and pregnancy, suggesting that estrogen may have an effect on the cochlea during various stages of life. No estrogen receptors (ERs) were found in the cochlea of the developing fetus, which suggests that estrogen does not have an effect on the cochlea during gestation. OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of ERs in the cochlea during pregnancy, maturation and development in a female rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cochleas of 24 rats in 4 groups in different time periods of maturation (21 and 56 days old) and pregnancy (day 8 and 18 of pregnancy) and 16 fetuses at gestational ages of 8 and 18 days were collected. All specimens were stained for ERs using standard immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS ERs are present in the cochlea of the rat and vary during maturation and pregnancy. No ERs were found in the fetal cochleas. Of the non-fetal time points measured, the expression levels of ERs in the rat cochlea were highest at the postnatal age of 21 days and were lowest during late pregnancy (day 18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusana Simonoska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Vladic-Stjernholm Y, Vladic T, Blesson CS, Ekman-Ordeberg G, Sahlin L. Prostaglandin treatment is associated with a withdrawal of progesterone and androgen at the receptor level in the uterine cervix. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7:116. [PMID: 19852793 PMCID: PMC2774313 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-7-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with prostaglandin(PG)-E2 is clinically efficient for cervical priming. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of PG-E2 on the expression of the progesterone (PR), androgen (AR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors in human uterine cervix in prolonged pregnancy. The study groups were postterm nulliparous women with unripe cervices undergoing cervical priming with PG-E2 before labor induction. Responders (n = 12) who delivered vaginally were compared with non-responders (n = 10), who underwent cesarean section due to failure to progress to the active phase of labor. Controls (n = 18) with vaginal partus at a normal gestational age served as a reference group. Cervical levels of PR-A and PR- B isoforms, AR and GR, serum levels of their ligands and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were quantified. The responder group displayed lower total PR-AB and AR protein levels as compared to non-responders, and lower PR-B and AR protein levels as compared to controls. In addition, the PR mRNA level was lower in responders as compared to non-responders. The GR protein level did not differ between the groups. We conclude that successful PG-E2 priming was followed by a progesterone and androgen withdrawal at the receptor level in the uterine cervix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Vladic-Stjernholm
- Division for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Chellakkan S Blesson
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunvor Ekman-Ordeberg
- Division for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Sahlin
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hofling M, Ma L, Sahlin L, Haglund C, Nordling S, von Schoultz B, Cline JM. Expression of the androgen receptor and syndecan-1 in breast tissue during different hormonal treatments in cynomolgus monkeys. Climacteric 2009; 12:72-9. [DOI: 10.1080/13697130802448387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lundström E, Sahlin L, Skoog L, Hägerström T, Svane G, Azavedo E, Sandelin K, von Schoultz B. Expression of syndecan-1 in histologically normal breast tissue from postmenopausal women with breast cancer according to mammographic density. Climacteric 2009; 9:277-82. [PMID: 16857657 DOI: 10.1080/13697130600865741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the expression of Syndecan-1 in dense and non-dense human breast tissue. METHODS Specimens of histologically normal tissue were obtained from postmenopausal women undergoing surgery for breast cancer. Each tissue block was subject to radiological examination and pair-wise samples of dense and non-dense tissue were collected. Semi-quantitative assessment of immunohistochemical staining intensity for Syndecan-1 and estrogen receptor subtypes was performed. RESULTS The expression of Syndecan-1 in all tissue compartments was significantly higher in dense than in non-dense specimens. The strongest staining was recorded in stromal tissue. There was a strong correlation between epithelial estrogen receptor alpha and stromal cell Syndecan-1 expression in dense tissue (rs = 0.7; p = 0.02). This association was absent in non-dense tissue. CONCLUSION An increase of Syndecan-1 in all tissue compartments and a redistribution from epithelium to stroma may be a characteristic feature for dense breast tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lundström
- Department of Obstetrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Simonoska R, Stenberg AE, Duan M, Yakimchuk K, Fridberger A, Sahlin L, Gustafsson JA, Hultcrantz M. Inner ear pathology and loss of hearing in estrogen receptor-beta deficient mice. J Endocrinol 2009; 201:397-406. [PMID: 19293293 DOI: 10.1677/joe-09-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There are well known differences between males and females in hearing. In the present study, the role of estrogen receptor-beta (ER-beta; listed as ESR2 in the MGI Database) in hearing was investigated by comparing hearing and morphology of the inner ear in ER-beta knock-out mice (ER-beta(-/-)) with that of wild-type (WT) littermates. Hearing was analyzed with auditory brainstem response audiometry at 3 and 12 months. The ER-beta(-/-) mice were deaf at 1 year of age, and the morphological analysis showed absence of hair cells and loss of the whole organ of Corti initiated in the basal turn of the cochlea. Furthermore, in ER-beta(-/-), but not in WT mice, the spiral ganglion was lacking many of its neurons. Immunostaining showed the presence of both ER-alpha (listed as ESR1 in the MGI Database) and ER-beta in the nuclei of some neurons in the inner ear in WT mice, but no ER-beta was found in the ER-beta(-/-) mice as expected. ER-alpha staining was predominant in the nuclei of large neurons and ER-beta in nuclei of small neurons and fibroblasts. These results reveal that both ERs are present in the inner ear at specific localizations suggesting subtype-specific functions. It is concluded that ER-beta is important for the prevention of age-related hearing loss. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that estrogen has a direct effect on hearing functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusana Simonoska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Simonoska R, Stenberg A, Masironi B, Sahlin L, Hultcrantz M. Estrogen receptors in the inner ear during different stages of pregnancy and development in the rat. Acta Otolaryngol 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00016480802691150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ma L, Hofling M, Masironi B, von Schoultz B, Cline JM, Sahlin L. Effects of tibolone and conventional HRT on the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the breast. Maturitas 2008; 61:345-9. [PMID: 18980817 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is evidence that long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is associated with an increased breast cancer risk. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of tibolone on estrogen and progesterone receptors in comparison to the effects of conventional HRT in the breast of surgically postmenopausal macaques. METHOD Sixty macaques were bilaterally ovariectomized 3 months before hormonal treatment was initiated. The animals were randomized into four treatment groups, including tibolone (TIB), conjugated equine estrogens (CEE), conjugated equine estrogens+medroxyprogesterone acetate (CEE+MPA) and control animals (C). After 2 years treatment, breast tissues were collected, fixed and paraffin embedded. Immunohistochemistry assays with monoclonal antibodies for estrogen receptors (ERalpha and ERbeta) and progesterone receptors (PRA and PRB) were performed. RESULTS The expression of ERalpha was markedly decreased in the CEE+MPA group as compared to C and TIB groups. The TIB group was not different from the C and CEE groups. No significant differences were found for ERbeta immunostaining. The expression of PRA was strongly increased in the TIB group as compared to the C and CEE+MPA groups. Immunostaining of PRB was increased in the CEE and TIB treated animals as compared to both C and CEE+MPA groups. CONCLUSIONS Tibolone increased the expression of both PRA and PRB, without affecting ERalpha and ERbeta expression in the macaque breast. These findings indicate that the effects of tibolone in breast tissue could be mediated via differential regulation of PRA and PRB isoforms and therefore distinct from those observed with conventional HRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ma
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sahlin L, Stjernholm-Vladic Y, Roos N, Masironi B, Ekman-Ordeberg G. Impaired leukocyte influx in cervix of postterm women not responding to prostaglandin priming. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2008; 6:36. [PMID: 18764934 PMCID: PMC2551600 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-6-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged pregnancies are associated with increased rate of maternal and fetal complications. Post term women could be divided into at least two subgroups, one where parturition is possible to induce by prostaglandins and one where it is not. Our aim was to study parameters in cervical biopsies in women with spontaneous delivery at term (controls) and compare to those that are successfully induced post term (responders), and those that are not induced (non-responders), by local prostaglandin treatment. METHODS Stromal parameters examined in this study were the accumulation of leukocytes (CD45, CD68), mRNAs and/or proteins for the extracellular matrix degrading enzymes (matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9), their inhibitors (tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2), interleukin-8 (IL-8), the platelet activating factor-receptor (PAF-R), syndecan-1 and estrogen binding receptors (estrogen receptor (ER)alpha, ERbeta and G-coupled protein receptor (GPR) 30) as well as the proliferation marker Ki-67. RESULTS The influx of leukocytes as assessed by CD45 was strongest in the responders, thereafter in the controls and significantly lower in the non-responders. IL-8, PAF-R and MMP-9, all predominantly expressed in leukocytes, showed significantly reduced immunostaining in the group of non-responders, while ERalpha and GPR30 were more abundant in the non-responders, as compared to the controls. CONCLUSION The impaired leukocyte influx, as reflected by the reduced number of CD45 positive cells as well as decreased immunostaining of IL-8, PAF-R and MMP-9 in the non-responders, could be one explanation of the failed ripening of the cervix in post term women. If the decreased leukocyte influx is a primary explanation to absent ripening or secondary, as a result of other factors, is yet to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Sahlin
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology, Q2:08, Karolinska University Hospital – Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ylva Stjernholm-Vladic
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H2:01, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska University Hospital – Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Roos
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H2:01, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska University Hospital – Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britt Masironi
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology, Q2:08, Karolinska University Hospital – Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunvor Ekman-Ordeberg
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H2:01, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska University Hospital – Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
The endocrine disrupting chemical o, p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) can affect reproductive organs, tissues and cells in several species. Treatment of human endometrial endothelial cells (HEECs) with 50 microM o,p'-DDT decreased their proliferation compared with the control. Microarray analyses revealed that o,p'-DDT affected biological processes such as the cell cycle, cell division, defence response and lipid and steroid metabolism, in cellular components such as the plasma membrane and chromosomes, with molecular functions involved in signalling, receptor and cytokine activity, confirming the results of the proliferation assay. Expression of five of the most differentially expressed genes identified in the microarray analysis was verified by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in five HEEC cultures obtained from women in the proliferative phase and in five cultures obtained from women in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle after treatment with o,p'-DDT. The present study supports our previous findings of decreased proliferation and increased cell death in response to o,p'-DDT and may offer important clues to the mechanisms of action of o,p'-DDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bredhult
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Johannesson U, Sahlin L, Masironi B, Rylander E, Bohm-Starke N. Steroid receptor expression in the vulvar vestibular mucosa — effects of oral contraceptives and menstrual cycle. Contraception 2007; 76:319-25. [PMID: 17900445 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2007.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective was to evaluate the influence of combined oral contraceptives (COC) and of the menstrual cycle on the steroid receptor expression in the vulvar vestibular mucosa of healthy women. STUDY DESIGN Forty-five healthy women (20 with COC and 25 without) were included. Vestibular biopsies were obtained during the menstrual cycle. Estrogen receptors (ER) alpha and beta, progesterone receptors (PR) A and B, glucocorticoid receptor and androgen receptor as well as the proliferation marker Ki67 were analyzed using immunohistochemistry followed by computerized image analysis. RESULTS The vestibular stromal tissue of women using COC expressed more ERbeta (p=.024) than that of women without COC. In the follicular phase, PRB was more abundant in the stromal tissue than in the luteal phase (p=.01). CONCLUSIONS ERbeta is more abundant in the vulvar vestibular mucosa of women using COC than in that of women without COC. There is a cyclic variation in PRB in the vestibular mucosa in healthy women without COC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Johannesson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm 18288, Sweden.
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Lofgren L, Sahlin L, Jiang S, Von Schoultz B, Fernstad R, Skoog L, Von Schoultz E. Expression of syndecan-1 in paired samples of normal and malignant breast tissue from postmenopausal women. Anticancer Res 2007; 27:3045-3050. [PMID: 17970043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammary stroma is important for modulating epithelial breast cell response to sex steroid hormones. Proteoglycans, such as syndecan-1, promote the integration of cellular signals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The immunohistochemical expression of syndecan-1 and of the androgen receptor (AR) was analyzed in paired samples of cancer and adjacent normal tissue from postmenopausal women. RESULTS Normal and cancer tissue showed dramatic differences in the expression of syndecan-1. In malignant breast stroma, mean values were more than 10-fold higher than in normal tissue (p<0.001). There was also a marked redistribution from the epithelium to the stroma. The expression of AR was on average 2-fold higher in cancerous than in normal tissue (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Breast cancer patients have very different prognoses. Syndecan-1 and the AR may be new molecular markers relevant to clinical outcome. The redistribution from the epithelium and the dramatic increase of syndecan-1 in cancerous stroma may be related to the natural history of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lofgren
- Department of Surgery, St Görans Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Stygar D, Masironi B, Eriksson H, Sahlin L. Studies on estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta responses on gene regulation in peripheral blood leukocytes in vivo using selective ER agonists. J Endocrinol 2007; 194:101-19. [PMID: 17592025 DOI: 10.1677/joe-06-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Major reproductive events such as menstruation, ovulation, implantation, and cervical ripening are characterized by an increased number of invading leukocytes in the tissues. Sex steroid hormones, particularly estrogens, play an important role in these dynamic changes in the female reproductive tract. Estrogens have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of many common pathological conditions associated with leukocyte infiltration and immunological dysfunction, such as auto-immune diseases and atherosclerosis. Although the two estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ERalpha and ERbeta, have been found in different leukocyte populations in tissues and in peripheral blood, there is still very little known about functional activity and importance of ERs in blood cells. To elucidate the different roles for ERalpha and ERbeta in peripheral blood leukocytes, we used microarray gene expression profiling of rat peripheral blood leukocytes subjected to in vivo treatment with estradiol (E2), the selective ERalpha agonist 4,4',4''-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol (PPT), and the selective ERbeta agonist 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN). We report the identification of genes that were commonly regulated by E2, PPT, and DPN, and genes that were regulated either by the ERalpha or ERbeta agonist. Further confirmatory analyses of the selected regulated genes 12-lipoxygenase, fibulin-1, furin, and calgranulin B are also presented. These results were then compared with those from the uterine tissue of the same animals. Our study demonstrates that peripheral blood leukocytes are responsive to estrogens. E2 and selective ERalpha and ERbeta agonists regulate a number of genes that may contribute to inflammation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Stygar
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Q2:08, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Zang H, Sahlin L, Masironi B, Eriksson E, Lindén Hirschberg A. Effects of testosterone treatment on endometrial proliferation in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:2169-75. [PMID: 17341565 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Available data concerning effects of testosterone on endometrium of postmenopausal women are seriously limited. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to compare the influence of treatment with testosterone and/or estrogen on endometrial proliferation in healthy postmenopausal women. DESIGN This was an open, randomized clinical study with parallel comparison of the groups. SETTING The study was conducted at a women's health clinical research unit and a research laboratory at a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-three women who had experienced natural menopause participated in this study. INTERVENTIONS After random assignment, the participants were administered orally testosterone undecanoate (40 mg every second day), estradiol valerate (2 mg daily), or both for 3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Endometrial thickness was measured, and endometrial proliferation evaluated on the basis of histopathology and expression of Ki-67, a proliferation marker. RESULTS Endometrial thickness was significantly increased by treatment with estrogen alone or in combination with testosterone but was unaltered by testosterone alone. Among the women receiving estrogen alone, the proportion exhibiting histopathology indicative of proliferation increased significantly to 50% (P < 0.05), there was a nonsignificant increase to 28% with the combined treatment, whereas testosterone alone had no effect at all. Expression of Ki-67 was up-regulated significantly in both glands and stroma (P < 0.05, respectively) in both estrogen treatment groups. However, the expression was significantly higher in stroma by estrogen treatment alone than after combined treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The short-term treatment with testosterone of postmenopausal women does not stimulate endometrial proliferation. In addition, testosterone appears to counteract endometrial proliferation induced by estrogen to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zang
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Söderberg MW, Johansson B, Masironi B, Byström B, Falconer C, Sahlin L, Ekman Ordeberg G. Pelvic floor sex steroid hormone receptors, distribution and expression in pre- and postmenopausal stress urinary incontinent women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2007; 86:1377-84. [DOI: 10.1080/00016340701625446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sahlin L, Masironi B, Åkerberg S, Eriksson H. Tissue- and hormone-dependent progesterone receptor distribution in the rat uterus. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2006; 4:47. [PMID: 16965620 PMCID: PMC1586009 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-4-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) are well known regulators of progesterone receptor (PR) expression in the rat uterus. However, it is not known which receptor subtypes are involved. Little knowledge exist about possible differences in PR regulation through ERalpha or ERbeta, and whether the PR subtypes are differently regulated depending on ER type bound. Thus, in the present study PR immunostaining has been examined in uteri of ovariectomized (ovx) rats after different treatments of estrogen and P, in comparison with that in immature, cycling, and pregnant animals. METHODS The uteri were collected from 1) ovx rats treated with E2 and/or P; 2) immature rats, intact cycling rats and animals pregnant day 8 and 18; 3) ovx rats treated with E2 or an estrogen receptor (ER)alpha agonist or an ERbeta agonist. Two antibodies were used, one detecting PRA+B and another one specific for PRB. Real-time PCR was used to determine mRNA levels for PRAB and PRB in experiment 3. RESULTS In stroma and myometrium faint staining was detected in ovx controls (OvxC), whereas E2 treatment resulted in strong staining. In contrast to this, in luminal epithelium (LE) the staining was strong in the OvxC group, whereas E2 treatment during the last 24 hrs before sacrifice caused a decrease. Similar to OvxC the LE of the immature animals was strongly stained. In the pregnant rats LE was negative, well in agreement with the results seen after E2 treatment. In the pregnant animals the stroma and decidua was strongly stained for PRAB, but only faint for PRB, indicating that PRA is the most expressed isoform in this state. The increase in stromal and myometrial immunostaining after E2 treatment was also found after treatment with the ERalpha agonist PPT. The ERbeta agonist DPN caused a decrease of the PR mRNA levels, which was also found for PRAB and PRB immunostaining in the GE. CONCLUSION Stromal and myometrial PRAB levels are increased via ERalpha, as shown by treatment with E2 and the ERalpha agonist PPT, while the levels in LE are decreased. The uterine stroma of pregnant rats strongly expressed PRAB, but very little PRB, which is different to E2 treated ovx animals where both PRAB and PRB are strongly expressed. The ERbeta agonist DPN decreased the mRNA levels of PRAB and PRB, as well as the PRAB protein level in GE. These results suggest that ERbeta signals mainly down-regulate PR levels in the epithelial cells. ERalpha, on the other hand, up-regulates PR levels in the stroma and myometrium while it decreased them in LE. Thus, the effects from E2 and PPT on the mRNA levels, as determined by PCR, could be annihilated since they are increased and decreased depending on cell type. The distribution and amount of PR isoforms strongly depend on the hormonal milieu and cell type within the rat uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Sahlin
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britt Masironi
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonja Åkerberg
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Eriksson
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Löfgren L, Sahlin L, Von Schoultz B, Fernstad R, Skoog L, Von Schoultz E. Expression of sex steroid receptor subtypes in normal and malignant breast tissue - a pilot study in postmenopausal women. Acta Oncol 2006; 45:54-60. [PMID: 16464796 DOI: 10.1080/02841860500371865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Female sex steroids are implied in breast cancer development. The estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor subtypes may have different roles to modulate the cellular response. Paired samples of cancer and adjacent normal tissue were collected from postmenopausal women at surgery for ductal breast cancer. The expression of ERa, ERss, PRA and PRB was quantified by immunostaining and digitized image analysis. We found ERss to be significantly reduced in breast cancer tissue (35% vs 50%; p?=?0.001) and there was also a decrease of the ERss/ERa ratio. Among women using hormones at the time of diagnosis tumor tissue showed higher values for both PRB and PRA, as compared to women without such treatment. The results extend previous animal data to be valid also in women. There is evidence that loss of ERss expression may relate to estrogen dependent tumor progression. Increased PR expression could possibly relate to breast cancer risk during combined estrogen/progestogen treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Disease Progression
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Estrogen Receptor beta/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor beta/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted
- Immunohistochemistry
- Middle Aged
- Pilot Projects
- Postmenopause
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- L Löfgren
- Department of Surgery, St Görans Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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van Lier E, Meikle A, Eriksson H, Sahlin L. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and thioredoxin are differentially expressed along the reproductive tract of the ewe during the oestrous cycle and after ovariectomy. Acta Vet Scand 2006; 48:5. [PMID: 16987401 PMCID: PMC1553459 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-48-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and thioredoxin are regulated by gonadal steroids in the female reproductive tract of many species. Oestradiol regulates IGF-I and thioredoxin mRNA levels in the reproductive tract of prepubertal lambs. The physiological status (different endocrine environment) may affect the sensitivity of the reproductive tract to oestradiol and progesterone. We studied the effects of different endocrine milieus (late-follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle, and ovariectomy before or after puberty) on the expression of IGF-I, thioredoxin, oestrogen receptor α (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR) in sheep. The mRNA levels were determined by a solution hybridisation technique. In the uterus the levels of ERα, PR and thioredoxin mRNA were higher in the late-follicular phase group than in the other three groups, and IGF-I mRNA was high during both the late-follicular and the luteal phases. In the cervix only PR mRNA was significantly higher in the ewes in the late-follicular phase than in the other groups. In the oviducts the levels of thioredoxin and ERα mRNA were highest in the ovariectomised adult ewes, and thioredoxin mRNA was higher than the levels found in the ewes in the late-follicular phase. The IGF-I mRNA levels in the oviduct did not differ between any of the groups. The transcripts of IGF-I, thioredoxin, ERα and PR, varied according to the physiological status and also along the female reproductive tract, suggesting that the regulation of the mRNA levels of these factors by the steroid environment is tissue specific. Koncentrationen av insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) och thioredoxin regleras hos många arter i honors reproduktionsorgan av könssteroider. Sålunda reglerar östradiol IGF-I och thioredoxin mRNA i reproduktionsorganen hos prepubertala lamm. Djurets fysiologiska status (dvs den endokrina miljön) kan påverka känsligheten hos reproduktionsorganen för östradiol och progesteron. Vi studerade effekterna av olika endokrina miljöer (sen follikelfas och lutealfas i östruscykeln, samt ovariektomi före och efter puberteten) på uttrycket av IGF-I, thioredoxin, östrogenreceptor α (ERα) och progesteronreceptorn (PR) hos får. Lösningshybridisering användes för att bestämma mRNA nivåerna. I livmodern var mRNA koncentrationen för ERα, PR och thioredoxin högre i sen follikelfas än i de andra tre grupperna och IGF-I mRNA nivån var hög både under sen follikelfas och i lutealfas. PR mRNA i cervix var signifikant högre hos tackorna under sen follikelfas än i de andra grupperna. I äggledarna var mRNA nivåerna av thioredoxin och ERα högst i de djur som ovariektomerats som vuxna, och thioredoxin mRNA var högre än hos tackorna under sen follikelfas. Det förelåg ingen skillnad vad gäller IGF-I mRNA nivåerna i äggledaren mellan någon av grupperna. IGF-I, thioredoxin, ERα och PR mRNA nivåerna varierade beroende på fysiologisk status och morfologisk lokalisation i reproduktionsorganen. Detta tyder på att steroidhormonernas reglering av dessa faktorers mRNA uttryck också är vävnadsspecifik.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elize van Lier
- Animal and Forage Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Meikle
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Håkan Eriksson
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Sahlin
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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van Lier E, Meikle A, Eriksson H, Sahlin L. Acta Vet Scand 2006; 1:5. [DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leucocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases. Clinical and epidemiological observations indicate that the sex steroid hormones, particularly oestrogens, may regulate leucocyte functions. The assumption that oestrogens have a direct effect on leucocytes has to be supported by identification of functional oestrogen receptors (ER) in leucocytes. This study aimed at investigating the presence of ER subtypes in different types of leucocytes isolated from peripheral blood of female and male donors. DESIGN AND PATIENTS A total of nine men (age range 18-43 years) and nine women (age range 19-42 years) all healthy blood donors, were recruited for the study. The donors did not receive any medication or hormonal contraceptives for the last three months. Ten millilitres of peripheral blood was collected from each donor. Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were purified by density gradient centrifugation. MEASUREMENTS ERalpha and ERbeta mRNA expression was measured by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and ER proteins were analysed by Western blot in the PBMC and PMN leucocyte populations. In addition, expression profiles of ER variant isoforms were characterized by conventional PCR using the splice-targeted primer approach. RESULTS Although we detected wild-type ERalpha and ERbeta mRNAs in PBMC but not in PMN cells, the ERalpha and ERbeta proteins were found in both cell types using Western blot. We observed that both ERalpha and ERbeta proteins differ in size between PMN and PBMC, suggesting that the two leucocyte populations contain diverse variant isoforms of ERalpha and ERbeta. RT-PCR analysis of exon-deleted ER splice variants revealed that PBMC express several exon-deleted variants of ERalpha and ERbeta, along with wild-type receptor, whereas the PMN cells only express exon-deleted variant isoforms and no wild-type ERalpha or ERbeta. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the presence of ERalpha and ERbeta in PBMC and PMN cells from female and male donors. The ERalpha and ERbeta genes have complex transcriptional profiles, with many receptor variant isoforms being expressed. Considering the diversity of ER isoforms in leucocyte subtypes, we conclude that the expected effect of oestrogen would be highly cell type-specific. Further studies are needed to test the functional activity of ER isoforms and their relation to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Stygar
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Rodríguez-Piñón M, Meikle A, Tasende C, Sahlin L, Garófalo EG. Differential estradiol effects on estrogen and progesterone receptors expression in the oviduct and cervix of immature ewes. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2005; 28:442-50. [PMID: 15826778 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2004] [Accepted: 02/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the effect of estradiol-17beta (E2) on estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) receptors expression in oviduct and cervix of lambs, their respective transcripts (ERalpha mRNA and PR mRNA) were determined by solution hybridization and the receptor proteins (ER and PR) by binding assays after E2 treatments. Lambs (n=4 in each group) were not treated or treated with one, two or three i.m. injections of E2 (1 microg/kg) at 24 h of interval. Tissues were obtained 12 or 24 h after the last E2 injection. Estradiol treatments increased ERalpha mRNA and PR mRNA concentrations in an organ-dependent manner: transitory in the oviduct while maintained in the cervix. The E2 effect on the oviductal and cervical ER and PR concentrations were biphasic, with an initial reduction of receptors content that was followed by restoration. The ER restoration in oviduct was earlier than in the cervix. In summary, this study shows that E2 treatments may exert an inductive effect in ERalpha mRNA and PR mRNA levels and a biphasic effect in ER and PR concentrations in oviduct and cervix of immature ewe. These E2 effects varied in timing and strength depending on the organ of the reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rodríguez-Piñón
- Biochemistry, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Uruguay, Lasplaces 1550, CP 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Sukjumlong S, Dalin AM, Sahlin L, Persson E. Immunohistochemical studies on the progesterone receptor (PR) in the sow uterus during the oestrous cycle and in inseminated sows at oestrus and early pregnancy. Reproduction 2005; 129:349-59. [PMID: 15749961 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Physiological changes in the sow uterus involve the regulation by progesterone and its receptor proteins (PR). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the localization of PR during different stages of the oestrous cycle and in inseminated sows during early pregnancy by use of immunohistochemistry. Uterine samples were collected from cyclic and inseminated sows at different stages of the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. The samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. Immunohistochemistry was done by use of a mouse monoclonal antibody to PR. The highest PR immunostaining in the surface epithelium was observed at oestrus/5–6 h after artificial insemination (AI) and early dioestrus/70 h after AI. In the glandular epithelium, the highest level of PR was found at oestrus with the lowest at late dioestrus/d 19. Higher levels of PR were observed in inseminated groups compared with cyclic sows. In the myometrium, a high level of PR was found at oestrus, while stromal PR cells were constantly present throughout the oestrous cycle and at different stages of early pregnancy. In conclusion, this study shows that the immunopresence of PR in the sow uterus differed between uterine compartments at the same reproductive stage. Differences were also found for some uterine compartments between cyclic and inseminated/early pregnant sows. The relatively consistent immunostaining of PR in the stroma strengthens a stromal role in the regulation of physiological activities in the sow uterus during the oestrous cycle as well as early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sukjumlong
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
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48
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The mortality and morbidity in congenital diaphragmatic hernia are mainly caused by pulmonary hypoplasia. To improve clinical results, further methods inducing lung growth may have to be used. The aim of this report was to evaluate the expression of insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I), estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, growth hormone receptor, and thioredoxin in a rat model of hypoplastic, hyperplastic, and normal fetal lungs to improve understanding of lung growth. METHODS Hypoplastic diaphragmatic hernia lungs were created by giving nitrofen by gavage to pregnant rats on day 9.5. Hyperplastic lungs were achieved by intrauterine tracheal ligation of rat fetuses on day 19. All lungs were harvested on gestational day 21. Total nucleic acids were extracted by proteinase K digestion and extraction in phenol/chloroform. The total nucleic acids mixture was hybridized with radioactively labeled RNA probes, and the radioactivity of the hybrids was compared with the respective standard curve of known amounts of in vitro synthesized mRNA. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed for IGF-I. RESULTS The IGF-I mRNA was significantly (P < .01) higher in hyperplastic lungs compared with control and hypoplastic lungs. The latter 2 did not differ. No difference was found between the other mRNA levels in the study groups. CONCLUSIONS IGF-I is involved in the accelerated lung growth seen after intrauterine tracheal ligation.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/genetics
- Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/metabolism
- Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/pathology
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/biosynthesis
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor beta/biosynthesis
- Estrogen Receptor beta/genetics
- Female
- Fetal Proteins/biosynthesis
- Fetal Proteins/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gestational Age
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/embryology
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/genetics
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/metabolism
- Hyperplasia
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/biosynthesis
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics
- Ligation
- Lung/abnormalities
- Lung/embryology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Phenyl Ethers/toxicity
- Pregnancy
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Somatotropin/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Somatotropin/genetics
- Thioredoxins/biosynthesis
- Thioredoxins/genetics
- Trachea/embryology
- Trachea/surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Frenckner
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Q3:03, SE-171 76, Sweden.
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Båge R, Masironi B, Sahlin L, Rodríguez-Martínez H. Deviant peri-oestrual hormone patterns affect the epithelium of the uterine tube in repeat-breeder heifers. Reprod Fertil Dev 2004; 14:461-9. [PMID: 12617790 DOI: 10.1071/rd02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the bovine reproductive tract, the uterine tube is the critical site for a series of events required for fertilization and early embryonic development. In previous studies, a defined category of subfertile heifers, repeat-breeder heifers (RBH), has presented peri-oestrual disturbances (deviating hormone patterns and follicular dynamics) and uterine maternal-embryonic asynchrony. The present study aimed to investigate if tubal function was also affected, by determination of differences in the morphology of the tubal lining epithelium of RBH (n = 4) in comparison to controls (n = 6) during standing oestrus, studied by light and electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), and relate this to steroid hormone concentrations and receptor distribution in the target tissues. Tissue distribution of oestrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and progesterone receptor B (PRB) was quantified using immunohistochemistry. In particular, secretory cells differed in appearance between RBH and controls. The cells were less lumen protruding, microvilli were fewer and smaller and secretory granules in the apical cytoplasm were more numerous in RBH. Furthermore, the tubal epithelium was conspicuously coated with amorphous material. Morphological differences between categories were not explained hormonally or by steroid receptor distribution, except in two heifers from which uterine tubes were obtained after the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. The isthmic PRB : ERalpha ratio was twice as high in the RBH than in the control. The deviating ultrastructure found in RBH, before and after the LH surge, might influence the tubal microenvironment with effects on gamete transport and final maturation and early embryonic development. The present study confirms that previously recorded perturbations in reproductive physiology in RBH are also manifested in the uterine tube, mainly by a deviating ultrastructure of the lining epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Båge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU, PO Box 7039, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Lind PM, Eriksen EF, Lind L, Orberg J, Sahlin L. Estrogen supplementation modulates effects of the endocrine disrupting pollutant PCB126 in rat bone and uterus. Toxicology 2004; 199:129-36. [PMID: 15147787 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2004.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2003] [Revised: 02/07/2004] [Accepted: 02/07/2004] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present study are to compare effects of estrogen depletion (OVX) and estradiol (E2) supplementation on the tissue effects of exposure to the endocrine disrupting organochlorine 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126). For this purpose two highly estrogen-dependent tissues, bone and uterus, were studied. Forty rats exposed to PCB126 (ip) for 3 months (total dose 384 microg/kg body weight (bw)) were randomized in to OVX/sham operation or E2 supplementation (ip, 23 microg/kg, 3 days weekly) per vehicle (corn oil) groups in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Sham operated rats were treated with vehicle, PCB or PCB plus E2 (sham, sham + PCB and sham + PCB + E2, n=10 per group) whereas ovariectomized were treated with vehicle, PCB or PCB plus E2(OVX, OVX + PCB and OVX + PCB + E2, n=10 per group). As control groups served OVX or sham, and OVX + E2 (n=10 in each group). In OVX rats PCB126 + E2 treatment increased trabecular bone volume (TBV) (P<0.01), whilst the opposite was found in sham-operated rats (P<0.01). In OVX animals exposed to PCB126, E2 supplementation decreased the uterine weight and increased the uterine ERbeta mRNA level, whilst no difference was found between the PCB126 and PCB126 + E2 exposed groups in the sham-operated animals. In conclusion, estrogen modulates PCB126 induced effects on trabecular bone, as well as several uterine parameters. These results further support an important role of estrogen on the toxic effects of PCB126 on bone and uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Monica Lind
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, P.O. Box 210, Nobels väg 13, plan 3, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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