A new species of Habrophorula from Vietnam and an updated key to species of the genus (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

The rare bee genus Habrophorula Lieftinck, 1974 is recorded for the first time from Vietnam. The genus is represented by a new species, Habrophorulabelladeceptrix Tran, Engel & Nguyen, sp. nov., from Cao Bang Province and can be most easily confused with H.nigripes Wu from China. The species is most easily differentiated by the unique form of the male terminalia but can also be distinguished by differences in integumental and setal coloration. A revised key is provided to the species of the genus. Females of the new species were collected at flowers of Saurauiaroxburghii Wall. and Saurauianapaulensis DC. (Actinidiaceae); males were collected at flowers of Lantanacamara L. (Verbenaceae).

The solitary wasp genus Orancistrocerus from Vietnam, with descriptions of two new species (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae)

New data are presented for the potter wasp genus Orancistrocerus van der Vecht (Eumeninae, Odynerini) occurring in Vietnam. Two species are described as new to science: Orancistrocerusthanhnhatsp. nov. and O.thanghensp. nov.Orancistrocerusaterrimuserythropus van der Vecht is synonymized with Orancistrocerusaterrimusaterrimus (de Saussure); the male genitalia of this species are described for the first time. An updated key is presented to all species of the genus.

Discovery of the male of Okinawepipona yty Nguyen, 2018 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam

The male of Okinawepipona yty Nguyen, 2018 is described and illustrated for the first time, together with its genitalia, based on specimens from Y Ty, Lao Cai, Vietnam. In addition, the male genitalia of O. curcipunctura Nguyen & Xu, 2014 is also described for the first time. Based on these descriptions, a discussion is provided regarding the male genitalia of eumenine wasps in general.

The potter wasp genus Allorhynchium from Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species and a new country record (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae)

Species of the potter wasp genus Allorhynchium van der Vecht (Eumeninae: Odynerini) occurring in Vietnam are presented. Seven species have been recorded from Vietnam. Of them, three species are described as new to science: Allorhynchiumlatum Nguyen, Tran & MT Nguyen, sp. nov., A.moerum Nguyen & AD Nguyen, sp. nov., and A.setosum Nguyen & Engel, sp. nov., and one species, A.argentatum (Fabricius, 1804), is recorded from Vietnam for the first time. An updated key to the Oriental species of the genus is presented.

The bee genus Anthidiellum in Vietnam: descriptions of five new species and the first male of Anthidiellum coronum (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)

The Vietnamese fauna of bees in the Anthidiellum Cockerell (Megachilinae, Anthidiini) is reviewed. Seven species are recognized, representing two subgenera. Five new species are described and figured as: Anthidiellum (Clypanthidium) nahang Tran, Engel & Nguyen, sp. nov., A. (Pycnanthidium) ayun Tran, Engel & Nguyen, sp. nov., A. (P.) chumomray Tran, Engel & Nguyen, sp. nov., A. (P.) flavaxilla Tran, Engel & Nguyen, sp. nov., and A. (P.) cornu Tran, Engel & Nguyen, sp. nov. from the northern and central highlands of Vietnam. Two previously described species are newly recorded for the fauna: A. (P.) carinatum (Wu) and A. (P.) coronum (Wu), with the male of the latter species described and illustrated for the first time. An identification key is provided for all species of Anthidiellum occurring in Vietnam.

Carriage of Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance-1-Positive Escherichia coli in Humans, Animals, and Environment on Farms in Vietnam

Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance 1 (mcr-1) was first reported in 2015 and is a great concern to human health. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of mcr-1 and mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli (MCRPEC) and the association in infection status among various reservoirs connected to livestock. The study was conducted in 70 poultry and swine farms in a commune in Ha Nam province, northern Vietnam. Samples were collected from farmers, food animals, domestic animals, and farm environments (flies and wastewater) for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening for mcr-1 gene and species identification of PCR positive isolates. Among 379 obtained mcr-1 positives isolates, Escherichia coli was the major identified, varying from 50% (2/4) in dog feces to 100% (31/31) in humans feces isolates. The prevalence of MCRPEC was 14.4% (20/139), 49.7% (96/193), 31.3% (25/80), 36.7% (40/109), 26.9% (18/67), and 3.9% (2/51) in humans, chickens, pigs, flies, wastewater, and dogs, respectively. The study identified association between MCRPEC infection status in humans and flies (OR = 3.4), between flies and chickens (OR = 5.3), and between flies and pigs (OR = 9.0). Farmers' age and farm livestock unit were also associated factors of MCRPEC infection status in humans (OR = 5.1 and 1.05, respectively). These findings bring new knowledge on antibiotic resistance in livestock setting and important suggestions on potential role of flies in the transmission of mcr-1 resistance gene.

First occurrence of the little-known genus Noteriades (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) from Vietnam: discovery of a new species and a key to the Southeast Asian fauna

The little-known megachiline genus Noteriades Cockerell, 1931 is recorded from Vietnam for the first time. A new species, Noteriadeshangkia Tran, Engel & Nguyen sp. nov. is described and figured based on a series of females collected from the provinces of the northern and central highlands of Vietnam. The genus is briefly discussed and a new subtribe is established, Noteriadina Engel, Tran & Nguyen subtrib. nov. of Megachilini. Lastly, an identification key and distribution map are provided for those species occurring in Southeast Asia.

A new genus of minute stingless bees from Southeast Asia (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

A new genus of minute stingless bees (Meliponini: Hypotrigonina) is described from Southeast Asia. Ebaiotrigona Engel & Nguyen, gen. nov., is based on the type species Lisotrigona carpenteri Engel, recorded from Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and southern China. The species was previously considered an enigmatic member of Lisotrigona Moure, but is removed to a new genus based on its unique male terminalia that differs considerably from that of Lisotrigona and instead shares resemblances with Austroplebeia Moure, and the presence of yellow maculation (also similar to that of Austroplebeia). It is possible that Ebaiotrigona is the extant sister group of Austroplebeia, but this requires confirmation by future phylogenetic analyses. Based on available biological observations, Ebaiotrigona carpenteri could not be confirmed as lachryphagous as is well documented from the tear-drinking species of Lisotrigona and Pariotrigona Moure.

Bright green fluorescence of Asian paper wasp nests

An exceptionally bright fluorescent biomatter was discovered when exploring, with UV-A light, the nests of several oriental paper wasp species of the genus Polistes, a genus of diurnal social insects. Fluorescence spectra of the cocoon cap membranes revealed narrow emission bands in the green range of the visible spectrum. Large Stokes shifts of around 160 nm and high fluorescence quantum yields of up to 35% were measured. Transmission spectra were recorded in order to estimate the contribution of the fluorescence to the visible light transmitted through the cocoon cap membrane. The nest fluorescence of the Vietnamese wasps was compared with a European and an American species. Potential biological functions of these interesting fluorescence properties of the studied biomaterial are discussed. The discovery of this striking example of a fluorescent terrestrial biomaterial may contribute to the debate on adaptive biological functions of natural fluorescence and falls in line with the growing interest in biodiversity and bio-inspiration.

New findings on the taxonomy of the genus Coeleumenes van der Vecht (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam, with description of a new species

A new species of the genus Coeleumenes van der Vecht is described from Tay Nguyen highland in southern Vietnam: Coeleumenes chumomray Mai and Nguyen, sp. nov. A key to all known species in the Oriental Region is provided.

Review of Holophris Mocsáry/ (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) from Vietnam, with description of a new species

The genus Holophris Mocsáry, 1890 of the tribe Elampini (Chrysidinae) is reviewed in Vietnam for the first time. A new species, H. melinh Nguyen Wiśniowski, sp. nov. is described and illustrated, and two species, H. taiwana Tsuneki (1970) and H. thailandica Rosa, Wei, Notton Xu, 2016 are newly recorded. An updated key to all species of the genus known from Oriental region is presented.

Taxonomic notes on the genus Vespa Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespinae) from Vietnam, with a new record of a species and an updated key to species

A taxonomic study on the genus Vespa from Vietnam is presented. One species, Vespa fumida van der Vecht, 1959 is recorded as new for the Vietnamese fauna. The complete queen nest of Vespa mocsaryana du Buysson, 1905 is described, together with the queen. An updated key to all of the Vespa species known from Vietnam based on external morphological characters is also provided.

Taxonomic study on the genus Pseudozumia de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam, with description of a new species

A taxonomic study on the genus Pseudozumia de Saussure from Vietnam is presented. One species previously identified as Pseudozumia indica indica (de Saussure, 1855) is described as new, namely P. cucphuongensis Nguyen, sp. nov. The second species, P. indica (de Saussure) has two subspecies occurring in Vietnam, P. indica indica (de Saussure) from northern part and P. indica borneana Giordani Soika from southern part which is newly recorded from Vietnam. A key to the Oriental species of the genus is also given.

Taxonomic studies on the genus Orancistrocerus van der Vecht, 1963 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam, with description of a new species

Two species of the genus Orancistrocerus van der Vecht, 1963 from Vietnam are recorded. Of them, a new species, O. altus sp. nov. from Lang Son province in the northern part of Vietnam is described and illustrated. In addition, one subspecies, O. aterrimus nigriceps van der Vecht, 1963 is newly recorded from China.

A new record of the genus Orientalicesa Koçak Kemal, 2010 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam

The genus Orientalicesa has six species, and all of them have been recorded in the Oriental region (including Indonesia, Malaysia, Phillippines, Laos, China). In this paper, the genus Orientalicesa is newly recorded from Vietnam, represented by one species O. confasciatus Tan and Carpenter. This species was mistakenly redescribed as Stenodyneriellus rangpocus Kumar, Carpenter Kishore, 2017. A new synonym of O. confasciatus is proposed, and that species is a new record for India.

First record of the genus <i>Zethus</i> Fabricius, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Eumeninae) from China with description of a new species

The genus Zethus Fabricius, 1804, is newly recorded from China. The male of Zethus malayanus Gusenleitner, 2010 is described and figured for the first time. Zethus nanlingensis Nguyen & Xu, sp. nov. (South China, Guangdong) is described and figured.

A new record of the genus Discoelius Latreille, 1809 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Northern Vietnam with description of two new species

The genus Discoelius Latreille, 1809, is newly recorded from Vietnam. Discoelius aurantiacus Nguyen, sp. nov. and D. nigerrimus Nguyen, sp. nov. are described and figured from Northern Vietnam (Lao Cai).

Contribution to the taxonomy of the genus Coeleumenes van der Vecht, 1963 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam, with description of a new species

Coeleumenes flavus sp. nov is described and illustrated from Vietnam (Son La), C. burmanicus van der Vecht, 1963 is redescribed. A key to both species from Vietnam is given.

Two new species of the genus Eumenes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Eumeninae) from Vietnam

Seven species of the genus Eumenes Latreille, 1802, were recorded from Vietnam (Nguyen 2015), including two long-petiolate species (metasomal tergum 1 equal or more than 4 × as long as its maximum width): E. quadratus quadratus Smith and E. multipictus de Saussure, and five species with shorter petioles (metasomal tergum 1 less than 2.5 × as long as its maximum width): E. inconspicuus Smith, E. atrophicus (Fabricius), E. labiatus sinicus Giordani Soika, E. gibbosus Nguyen and E. rubronotatus Pérez. Two other long-petiolate species were were described from the Papuan region (Nugroho et al. 2010): E. batantanensis Nugroho and E. truncatus Nugroho. Two new species of the genus Eumenes with long-petiolate metasomal segment 1 are described from Vietnam. A key to all species occurring in Vietnam is also provided.

Fragmented implementation of maternal and child health home-based records in Vietnam: need for integration

BACKGROUND

Home-based records (HBRs) are globally implemented as the effective tools that encourage pregnant women and mothers to timely and adequately utilise maternal and child health (MCH) services. While availability and utilisation of nationally representative HBRs have been assessed in several earlier studies, the reality of a number of HBRs subnationally implemented in a less coordinated manner has been neither reported nor analysed.

OBJECTIVES

This study is aimed at estimating the prevalence of HBRs for MCH and the level of fragmentation of and overlapping between different HBRs for MCH in Vietnam. The study further attempts to identify health workers' and mothers' perceptions towards HBR operations and utilisations.

DESIGN

A self-administered questionnaire was sent to the provincial health departments of 28 selected provinces. A copy of each HBR available was collected from them. A total of 20 semi-structured interviews with health workers and mothers were conducted at rural communities in four of 28 selected provinces.

RESULTS

Whereas HBRs developed exclusively for maternal health and exclusively for child health were available in four provinces (14%) and in 28 provinces (100%), respectively, those for both maternal health and child health were available in nine provinces (32%). The mean number of HBRs in 28 provinces (=5.75) indicates over-availability of HBRs. All 119 minimum required items for recording found in three different HBRs under nationwide scale-up were also included in the Maternal and Child Health Handbook being piloted for nationwide scaling-up. Implementation of multiple HBRs is likely to confuse not only health workers by requiring them to record the same data on several HBRs but also mothers about which HBR they should refer to and rely on at home.

CONCLUSIONS

To enable both health workers and pregnant women to focus on only one type of HBR, province-specific HBRs for maternal and/or child health need to be nationally standardised. Moreover, to ensure a continuum of maternal, newborn, and child health care, the HBRs currently fragmented into different MCH stages (i.e. pregnancy, delivery, child immunisation, child growth, and child development) should be integrated. Standardisation and integration of HBRs will help increase technical efficiency and financial sustainability of HBR operations.

Knowledge, attitude and practices: assessing maternal and child health care handbook intervention in Vietnam

BACKGROUND

Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Handbook, an integrated MCH home-based record, was piloted in four provinces of Vietnam (Dien Bien, Hoa Binh, Thanh Hoa and An Giang). The study is aimed at assessing the changes in pregnant women's behavior towards the frequencies of their antenatal care service utilizations and their subsequent breastfeeding practices up to six months of age, through the MCH Handbook intervention. This is because the levels of pregnant women's knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards their antenatal care service utilizations and exclusive breastfeeding practices have been previously neither analyzed nor reported in relation to MCH home-based records in the country.

METHODS

To compare pre-intervention baseline in 2011, post-intervention data were collected in 2013. Structured interviews were conducted with randomly selected 810 mothers of children 6-18 months of age in the four provinces. A focus group discussion among mothers in each of four provinces was conducted.

RESULTS

There was no significant difference in pregnant women's knowledge about the need for ≥3 antenatal care visits between pre- and post-interventions. Yet, the proportion of pregnant women who made ≥3 antenatal care visits in post-intervention was significantly higher than in pre-intervention. Thus, MCH Handbook is likely to have contributed to practicing ≥3 antenatal care visits, by changing their attitude. The proportion of mothers who know the need for exclusive breastfeeding necessary during the initial six months significantly increased between pre- and post-interventions. The proportion of those practicing exclusive breastfeeding significantly increased between pre- and post-interventions, too. Thus, MCH Handbook is likely to have contributed to the increase in both knowledge about and practices of exclusive breastfeeding.

CONCLUSION

The results of study imply that MCH Handbook contributed to the increase in pregnant women's practices of ≥3 antenatal care visits and in their knowledge about and practice of exclusive breastfeeding. While there is room for improvement in the level of its data recording, the study confirmed that MCH Handbook plays a catalytic role in ensuring a continuum of maternal, newborn and child care. Note that this study is the first study that attempted to estimate pregnant women's behavioral changes through MCH Handbook intervention in Vietnam.

Taxonomic notes on the genus Gribodia Zavattari, 1912 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam and China, with description of a new species

The genus Gribodia Zavattari, 1912, is newly recorded from Vietnam and China. Gribodia nigra sp. nov. (China, Hainan) is described and figured and G. cupreipennis (Bingham) is redescribed. A key to six known species of the genus is provided.

Taxonomic notes on the species of the genus Anterhynchium de Saussure, 1863 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam, with description of a new species

A taxonomic study on the solitary wasps in the vespid genus Anterhynchium de Saussure, 1863, from Vietnam is presented. One species previously identified as A. (Anterhynchium) abdominale abdominale (Illiger, 1802) is described as new, namely A. punctatum Nguyen, sp. nov. Antechynchium (Dirhynchium) flavolineatum flavolineatum (Smith, 1857) and A. (Dirhynchium) flavomarginatum flavomarginatum (Smith, 1852) are newly recorded from Vietnam. New synonymy is proposed for A. flavolineatum flavolineatum (Smith, 1857) =A. flavolineatum malaisei van der Vecht, 1963, syn. nov. A. coracinum van der Vecht sensu Girish Kumar (2013) is a misidentification of A. f. flavomarginatum (Smith), and the record of this species from Pakistan and India belongs to A. f. flavolineatum. A key to species of the genus from Vietnam is provided. 

Two new species of the genus Okinawepipona Yamane (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam and China

Two new species are described and figured: Okinawepipona nigra Nguyen & Xu, sp. nov. (northern Vietnam and southern China), and O. curcipunctura Nguyen & Xu, sp. nov. (southern China). A key to the three known species of the genus is provided.

Distribution and nests of paper wasps of Polistes (Polistella) in northeastern Vietnam, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)

Seven species of the subgenus Polistella Ashmead of the genus Polistes Latreille including a new species, P. brunetus Nguyen & Kojima, sp. n. described here, are recognized to occur in northeastern Vietnam, the easternmost part of the eastern slope of the Himalayas. A key to these species is provided. Their distributional records are remarked. Nests of P. delhiensis Das & Gupta, P. mandarinus de Saussure and P. brunetus are also described.