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Moulay G, Nelson I, Lainé J, Cohen E, Lemaître M, Mamchaoui K, Julien L, Brochier G, Beuvin M, Yaou RB, Malfatti E, Fardeau C, Fardeau M, Romero N, Bitoun M, Stojkovic T, Bonne G, Vassilopoulos S. NEW GENES AND DISEASES. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Julien L, Ventre J, Lagrée PY, Ramkhelawon A, Rossant F, Atlan M, Paques M, Fullana JM. Retinal micro-vascular network: data and model. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1812854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Julien
- Institut Jean Le Rond d’Alembert, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Unité d'Imagerie à Haute Résolution, Hôpital des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
| | - J. Ventre
- Institut Jean Le Rond d’Alembert, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - P.-Y Lagrée
- Institut Jean Le Rond d’Alembert, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - A. Ramkhelawon
- Institut Jean Le Rond d’Alembert, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - F. Rossant
- Unité d'Imagerie à Haute Résolution, Hôpital des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
| | - M. Atlan
- Unité d'Imagerie à Haute Résolution, Hôpital des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
| | - M. Paques
- Unité d'Imagerie à Haute Résolution, Hôpital des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
| | - J.-M. Fullana
- Institut Jean Le Rond d’Alembert, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Julien L, Genet J, Leymarie N, Honart JF, Rimareix F, Mazouni C, Kolb F, De Frémicourt K, Conversano A, Marchal F, Simon E, Brix M, Sarfati B. [Comparing outcomes of Immediate Breast reconstruction with and without use of radiotherapy]. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2020; 65:181-197. [PMID: 32007227 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer and its treatment remains a public health problem. There is still a lack of epidemiological data concerning complications and aesthetic results bound to radiotherapy after an immediate breast reconstruction. The objective of this study was to compare outcomes of immediate breast reconstruction regardless to the use of radiotherapy (history of radiotherapy or adjuvant radiation therapy), in order to determine risk factor of complications and bad aesthetic results. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study between January 2014 and December 2016 at the hospital "Gustave Roussy" in Paris, concerning breast cancer patients who needed immediate breast reconstruction after total mastectomy. The primary endpoint was to assess the failure rate of reconstruction and the aesthetic result, the secondary endpoint assessed the early and late rate of complications. We realized a multivariate analysis in order to identify risks factors that may predict complications. RESULTS Three hundred and thirty three patients have been included: 157 in the "radiotherapy group" compared to 176 in the "no radiotherapy group". Preoperative characteristics were comparable. Average follow-up was between 1 and 3years without missing. Patients who benefited from radiotherapy had an equal risk failure of reconstruction. The subgroup analysis revealed non-significant differences: 12.7% failure rate reconstruction in the "radiotherapy group" vs. 12.5%. We could notify a better rate of "excellent results" in the "no radiotherapy group": 35% vs. 8.2%. Secondary outcomes were comparable. CONCLUSIONS Radiotherapy related to immediate breast reconstruction didn't increase the failure rate of reconstruction or aesthetic results, comparatively to non-irradiated patients. It is therefore permissible to suggest an immediate breast reconstruction to any patients which would benefit from a total mastectomy followed by radiotherapy; in order to prevent them from a secondary breast reconstruction, who could be physically and psychologically more impactful.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Julien
- Department of plastic and maxillofacial surgery, hôpital Cenral, CHRU Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France.
| | - J Genet
- Department of plastic and maxillofacial surgery, hôpital Cenral, CHRU Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - N Leymarie
- Department of cancer surgery, institut de cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 75000 Villejuif, France
| | - J-F Honart
- Department of cancer surgery, institut de cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 75000 Villejuif, France
| | - F Rimareix
- Department of cancer surgery, institut de cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 75000 Villejuif, France
| | - C Mazouni
- Department of cancer surgery, institut de cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 75000 Villejuif, France
| | - F Kolb
- Department of cancer surgery, institut de cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 75000 Villejuif, France
| | - K De Frémicourt
- Department of cancer surgery, institut de cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 75000 Villejuif, France
| | - A Conversano
- Department of cancer surgery, institut de cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 75000 Villejuif, France
| | - F Marchal
- Department of cancer surgery, institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, 54000 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - E Simon
- Department of plastic and maxillofacial surgery, hôpital Cenral, CHRU Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - M Brix
- Department of plastic and maxillofacial surgery, hôpital Cenral, CHRU Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - B Sarfati
- Department of cancer surgery, institut de cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 75000 Villejuif, France
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Traore M, Gentil C, Benedetto C, Hogrel J, De la Grange P, Benkhelifa-Ziyyat S, Julien L, Lemaitre M, Ferry A, Falcone S. P.133A novel CaVβ1 isoform connecting voltage sensing with muscle mass homeostasis. Neuromuscul Disord 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.06.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hammouda RF, Huguenin J, Julien L, Nedjraoui D. Impact of agrarian practices and some pastoral uses on vegetation in Algerian steppe rangelands. Rangel J 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/rj18081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The decline in steppe vegetation in Algeria was first reported in the mid-20th century, and for many years was attributed to recurrent droughts. Hypotheses suggesting that this decline was a consequence of human activities emerged in the 1970s – a time of major socioeconomic trends in the region. Changes such as strong population growth, sedentarisation, herd size increases and use of pasture land for crops, all had considerable impact on rangeland vegetation. The aim of the present work was to identify heterogeneity in the pasture vegetation of a given ‘territory’ (in the sense of a ‘terroir’), or biophysical environment (including meteorological), taking into account rangeland distribution, land use changes and herd management in the Aflou region of Algeria. Characterisation and mapping of the vegetation and its environment in the study area led to the hypothesis that, apart from some very slight soil differences, heterogeneity in rangeland vegetation appeared mainly related to human impacts. Bertin’s Semiology of Graphics was used to analyse the results, and indicated a major decline in vegetation productivity and biodiversity in the steppe rangelands of the study zone. Beyond this general trend in the municipal territory studied, areas were found with contrasting flora communities, with some showing relatively stable plant communities, while other areas had some plant communities that had undergone regressive succession. Grazing conditions and the proximity of ploughed land were responsible for these different vegetation situations.
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Danièle N, Bogni C, Julien L, Piet A, Vignaud A, Buj-Bello A. Antisense targeting of dynamin 2 by intramuscular delivery of vivo-morpholinos rescues the pathology in a murine model of myotubular myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Danièle N, Moal C, Julien L, Jamet T, Joubert R, Martin S, Vignaud A, Lawlor M, Buj-Bello A. AAV-mediated MTMR2 delivery prolongs survival and rescues the pathology in a mouse model of myotubular myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.06.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Antognini A, Schuhmann K, Amaro FD, Amaro P, Abdou-Ahmed M, Biraben F, Chen TL, Covita DS, Dax AJ, Diepold M, Fernandes LMP, Franke B, Galtier S, Gouvea AL, Götzfried J, Graf T, Hänsch TW, Hildebrandt M, Indelicato P, Julien L, Kirch K, Knecht A, Kottmann F, Krauth JJ, Liu YW, Machado J, Monteiro CMB, Mulhauser F, Nez F, Santos JP, dos Santos JMF, Szabo CI, Taqqu D, Veloso JFCA, Voss A, Weichelt B, Pohl R. Experiments towards resolving the proton charge radius puzzle. EPJ Web of Conferences 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201611301006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cortese S, Phulpin B, Mastronicola R, Gangloff P, Guillet J, Roch M, Julien L, Verhaeghe JL, Dolivet G. Value of the preservation of an osseous mandibular rim with a fibula free flap reconstruction. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) 2015; 136:61-66. [PMID: 27483577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reconstruction of the mandible with microvascularized fibula transplants is actually a well-established procedure, yet the major component is the limited diameter of the diaphysis that can induce oral rehabilitation's failure, especially in dentate patients. In this paper, we report our surgical procedure allowing preservation of the mandibular height. The primary objective was to assess aesthetic and functional improvements of preservation of an osseous mandibular rim with a fibula free flap reconstruction. PATIENTS AND METHODS Five patients (all males, mean age of 60 years) were treated with this method. Aetiologies were tumour in 3 cases, and osteoradionecrosis in the two others cases. We described all step of our surgical procedure and the functional, aesthetic and carcinologic results were evaluated. The follow up varies from 6 to 30 months. RESULTS One patient died at 12 days from unrelated affection. For the other patients, both the aesthetics and functional outcomes were better than in case of mandibular interruption surgery. In fact, the mandibular contour of the mandibule was preserved and the height of mandible was restored. One patient is in progress of dental rehabilitation with osseous implants. Carcinologically, no local recurrence was observed. CONCLUSION This technique is reliable and enables to optimize oral rehabilitation with endosteal implants. Nevertheless, we consider that the 3D scanner is essential before the intervention to evaluate the osseous reach. Moreover, if necessarily the procedure can be modified intraoperatively.
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Melo MB, Nguyen QP, Cordeiro C, Hassan MA, Yang N, McKell R, Rosowski EE, Julien L, Butty V, Dardé ML, Ajzenberg D, Fitzgerald K, Young LH, Saeij JPJ. Transcriptional analysis of murine macrophages infected with different Toxoplasma strains identifies novel regulation of host signaling pathways. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003779. [PMID: 24367253 PMCID: PMC3868521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most isolates of Toxoplasma from Europe and North America fall into one of three genetically distinct clonal lineages, the type I, II and III lineages. However, in South America these strains are rarely isolated and instead a great variety of other strains are found. T. gondii strains differ widely in a number of phenotypes in mice, such as virulence, persistence, oral infectivity, migratory capacity, induction of cytokine expression and modulation of host gene expression. The outcome of toxoplasmosis in patients is also variable and we hypothesize that, besides host and environmental factors, the genotype of the parasite strain plays a major role. The molecular basis for these differences in pathogenesis, especially in strains other than the clonal lineages, remains largely unexplored. Macrophages play an essential role in the early immune response against T. gondii and are also the cell type preferentially infected in vivo. To determine if non-canonical Toxoplasma strains have unique interactions with the host cell, we infected murine macrophages with 29 different Toxoplasma strains, representing global diversity, and used RNA-sequencing to determine host and parasite transcriptomes. We identified large differences between strains in the expression level of known parasite effectors and large chromosomal structural variation in some strains. We also identified novel strain-specifically regulated host pathways, including the regulation of the type I interferon response by some atypical strains. IFNβ production by infected cells was associated with parasite killing, independent of interferon gamma activation, and dependent on endosomal Toll-like receptors in macrophages and the cytoplasmic receptor retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane B. Melo
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Quynh P. Nguyen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Cordeiro
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Musa A. Hassan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ninghan Yang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Renée McKell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily E. Rosowski
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Julien
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vincent Butty
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marie-Laure Dardé
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Daniel Ajzenberg
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Katherine Fitzgerald
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lucy H. Young
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeroen P. J. Saeij
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lim D, Gold DA, Julien L, Rosowski EE, Niedelman W, Yaffe MB, Saeij JPJ. Structure of the Toxoplasma gondii ROP18 kinase domain reveals a second ligand binding pocket required for acute virulence. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:34968-80. [PMID: 24129568 PMCID: PMC3843107 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.523266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
At least a third of the human population is infected with the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which contributes significantly to the disease burden in immunocompromised and neutropenic hosts and causes serious congenital complications when vertically transmitted to the fetus. Genetic analyses have identified the Toxoplasma ROP18 Ser/Thr protein kinase as a major factor mediating acute virulence in mice. ROP18 is secreted into the host cell during the invasion process, and its catalytic activity is required for the acute virulence phenotype. However, its precise molecular function and regulation are not fully understood. We have determined the crystal structure of the ROP18 kinase domain, which is inconsistent with a previously proposed autoinhibitory mechanism of regulation. Furthermore, a sucrose molecule bound to our structure identifies an additional ligand-binding pocket outside of the active site cleft. Mutational analysis confirms an important role for this pocket in virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lim
- From the Department of Biology and
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael B. Yaffe
- From the Department of Biology and
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Camejo A, Gold DA, Lu D, McFetridge K, Julien L, Yang N, Jensen KDC, Saeij JPJ. Identification of three novel Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry proteins. Int J Parasitol 2013; 44:147-60. [PMID: 24070999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The rhoptries are key secretory organelles from apicomplexan parasites that contain proteins involved in invasion and modulation of the host cell. Some rhoptry proteins are restricted to the posterior bulb (ROPs) and others to the anterior neck (RONs). As many rhoptry proteins have been shown to be key players in Toxoplasma invasion and virulence, it is important to identify, understand and characterise the biological function of the components of the rhoptries. In this report, we identified putative novel rhoptry genes by identifying Toxoplasma genes with similar cyclical expression profiles as known rhoptry protein encoding genes. Using this approach we identified two new rhoptry bulb (ROP47 and ROP48) and one new rhoptry neck protein (RON12). ROP47 is secreted and traffics to the host cell nucleus, RON12 was not detected at the moving junction during invasion. Deletion of ROP47 or ROP48 in a type II strain did not show major influence in in vitro growth or virulence in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Camejo
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel A Gold
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Diana Lu
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kiva McFetridge
- Department of Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Lindsay Julien
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ninghan Yang
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kirk D C Jensen
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeroen P J Saeij
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Yang N, Farrell A, Niedelman W, Melo M, Lu D, Julien L, Marth GT, Gubbels MJ, Saeij JPJ. Genetic basis for phenotypic differences between different Toxoplasma gondii type I strains. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:467. [PMID: 23837824 PMCID: PMC3710486 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii has a largely clonal population in North America and Europe, with types I, II and III clonal lineages accounting for the majority of strains isolated from patients. RH, a particular type I strain, is most frequently used to characterize Toxoplasma biology. However, compared to other type I strains, RH has unique characteristics such as faster growth, increased extracellular survival rate and inability to form orally infectious cysts. Thus, to identify candidate genes that could account for these parasite phenotypic differences, we determined genetic differences and differential parasite gene expression between RH and another type I strain, GT1. Moreover, as differences in host cell modulation could affect Toxoplasma replication in the host, we determined differentially modulated host processes among the type I strains through host transcriptional profiling. RESULTS Through whole genome sequencing, we identified 1,394 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (indels) between RH and GT1. These SNPs/indels together with parasite gene expression differences between RH and GT1 were used to identify candidate genes that could account for type I phenotypic differences. A polymorphism in dense granule protein, GRA2, determined RH and GT1 differences in the evasion of the interferon gamma response. In addition, host transcriptional profiling identified that genes regulated by NF-ĸB, such as interleukin (IL)-12p40, were differentially modulated by the different type I strains. We subsequently showed that this difference in NF-ĸB activation was due to polymorphisms in GRA15. Furthermore, we observed that RH, but not other type I strains, recruited phosphorylated IĸBα (a component of the NF-ĸB complex) to the parasitophorous vacuole membrane and this recruitment of p- IĸBα was partially dependent on GRA2. CONCLUSIONS We identified candidate parasite genes that could be responsible for phenotypic variation among the type I strains through comparative genomics and transcriptomics. We also identified differentially modulated host pathways among the type I strains, and these can serve as a guideline for future studies in examining the phenotypic differences among type I strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninghan Yang
- Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, building 68-270, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Antognini A, Nez F, Schuhmann K, Amaro FD, Biraben F, Cardoso JMR, Covita DS, Dax A, Dhawan S, Diepold M, Fernandes LMP, Giesen A, Gouvea AL, Graf T, Hansch TW, Indelicato P, Julien L, Kao CY, Knowles P, Kottmann F, Le Bigot EO, Liu YW, Lopes JAM, Ludhova L, Monteiro CMB, Mulhauser F, Nebel T, Rabinowitz P, dos Santos JMF, Schaller LA, Schwob C, Taqqu D, Veloso JFCA, Vogelsang J, Pohl R. Proton Structure from the Measurement of 2S-2P Transition Frequencies of Muonic Hydrogen. Science 2013; 339:417-20. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1230016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 581] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Nez F, Antognini A, Amaro FD, Biraben F, Cardoso JMR, Covita D, Dax A, Dhawan S, Fernandes L, Giesen A, Graf T, Hänsch TW, Indelicato P, Julien L, Kao CY, Knowles PE, Le Bigot E, Liu YW, Lopes JAM, Ludhova L, Monteiro CMB, Mulhauser F, Nebel T, Rabinowitz P, dos Santos JMF, Schaller L, Schuhmann K, Schwob C, Taqqu D, Veloso JFCA, Kottmann F, Pohl R. Is the proton radius a player in the redefinition of the International System of Units? Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2011; 369:4064-4077. [PMID: 21930565 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It is now recognized that the International System of Units (SI units) will be redefined in terms of fundamental constants, even if the date when this will occur is still under debate. Actually, the best estimate of fundamental constant values is given by a least-squares adjustment, carried out under the auspices of the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) Task Group on Fundamental Constants. This adjustment provides a significant measure of the correctness and overall consistency of the basic theories and experimental methods of physics using the values of the constants obtained from widely differing experiments. The physical theories that underlie this adjustment are assumed to be valid, such as quantum electrodynamics (QED). Testing QED, one of the most precise theories is the aim of many accurate experiments. The calculations and the corresponding experiments can be carried out either on a boundless system, such as the electron magnetic moment anomaly, or on a bound system, such as atomic hydrogen. The value of fundamental constants can be deduced from the comparison of theory and experiment. For example, using QED calculations, the value of the fine structure constant given by the CODATA is mainly inferred from the measurement of the electron magnetic moment anomaly carried out by Gabrielse's group. (Hanneke et al. 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 120801) The value of the Rydberg constant is known from two-photon spectroscopy of hydrogen combined with accurate theoretical quantities. The Rydberg constant, determined by the comparison of theory and experiment using atomic hydrogen, is known with a relative uncertainty of 6.6×10(-12). It is one of the most accurate fundamental constants to date. A careful analysis shows that knowledge of the electrical size of the proton is nowadays a limitation in this comparison. The aim of muonic hydrogen spectroscopy was to obtain an accurate value of the proton charge radius. However, the value deduced from this experiment contradicts other less accurate determinations. This problem is known as the proton radius puzzle. This new determination of the proton radius may affect the value of the Rydberg constant . This constant is related to many fundamental constants; in particular, links the two possible ways proposed for the redefinition of the kilogram, the Avogadro constant N(A) and the Planck constant h. However, the current relative uncertainty on the experimental determinations of N(A) or h is three orders of magnitude larger than the 'possible' shift of the Rydberg constant, which may be shown by the new value of the size of the proton radius determined from muonic hydrogen. The proton radius puzzle will not interfere in the redefinition of the kilogram. After a short introduction to the properties of the proton, we will describe the muonic hydrogen experiment. There is intense theoretical activity as a result of our observation. A brief summary of possible theoretical explanations at the date of writing of the paper will be given. The contribution of the proton radius puzzle to the redefinition of SI-based units will then be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Nez
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, UPMC and CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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Virreira Winter S, Niedelman W, Jensen KD, Rosowski EE, Julien L, Spooner E, Caradonna K, Burleigh BA, Saeij JPJ, Ploegh HL, Frickel EM. Determinants of GBP recruitment to Toxoplasma gondii vacuoles and the parasitic factors that control it. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24434. [PMID: 21931713 PMCID: PMC3169597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IFN-γ is a major cytokine that mediates resistance against the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The p65 guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) are strongly induced by IFN-γ. We studied the behavior of murine GBP1 (mGBP1) upon infection with T. gondii in vitro and confirmed that IFN-γ-dependent re-localization of mGBP1 to the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) correlates with the virulence type of the parasite. We identified three parasitic factors, ROP16, ROP18, and GRA15 that determine strain-specific accumulation of mGBP1 on the PV. These highly polymorphic proteins are held responsible for a large part of the strain-specific differences in virulence. Therefore, our data suggest that virulence of T. gondii in animals may rely in part on recognition by GBPs. However, phagosomes or vacuoles containing Trypanosoma cruzi did not recruit mGBP1. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed mGBP2, mGBP4, and mGBP5 as binding partners of mGBP1. Indeed, mGBP2 and mGBP5 co-localize with mGBP1 in T. gondii-infected cells. T. gondii thus elicits a cell-autonomous immune response in mice with GBPs involved. Three parasitic virulence factors and unknown IFN-γ-dependent host factors regulate this complex process. Depending on the virulence of the strains involved, numerous GBPs are brought to the PV as part of a large, multimeric structure to combat T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy Niedelman
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kirk D. Jensen
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily E. Rosowski
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Julien
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric Spooner
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kacey Caradonna
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Barbara A. Burleigh
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeroen P. J. Saeij
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hidde L. Ploegh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HLP); (E-MF)
| | - Eva-Maria Frickel
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HLP); (E-MF)
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Rosowski EE, Lu D, Julien L, Rodda L, Gaiser RA, Jensen KDC, Saeij JPJ. Strain-specific activation of the NF-kappaB pathway by GRA15, a novel Toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:195-212. [PMID: 21199955 PMCID: PMC3023140 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB is an integral component of the immune response to Toxoplasma gondii. Although evidence exists that T. gondii can directly modulate the NF-κB pathway, the parasite-derived effectors involved are unknown. We determined that type II strains of T. gondii activate more NF-κB than type I or type III strains, and using forward genetics we found that this difference is a result of the polymorphic protein GRA15, a novel dense granule protein which T. gondii secretes into the host cell upon invasion. A GRA15-deficient type II strain has a severe defect in both NF-κB nuclear translocation and NF-κB-mediated transcription. Furthermore, human cells expressing type II GRA15 also activate NF-κB, demonstrating that GRA15 alone is sufficient for NF-κB activation. Along with the rhoptry protein ROP16, GRA15 is responsible for a large part of the strain differences in the induction of IL-12 secretion by infected mouse macrophages. In vivo bioluminescent imaging showed that a GRA15-deficient type II strain grows faster compared with wild-type, most likely through its reduced induction of IFN-γ. These results show for the first time that a dense granule protein can modulate host signaling pathways, and dense granule proteins can therefore join rhoptry proteins in T. gondii's host cell-modifying arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Rosowski
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Hable WE, Reddy S, Julien L. The Rac1 inhibitor, NSC23766, depolarizes adhesive secretion, endomembrane cycling, and tip growth in the fucoid alga, Silvetia compressa. Planta 2008; 227:991-1000. [PMID: 18183417 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-007-0673-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Proper cell morphogenesis is dependent on the establishment and expression of cellular polarity. In the fucoid zygote, cell shape is critical for establishing the developmental pattern of the adult, and is achieved by guiding insertion of new membrane and wall to the rhizoid tip. Selection and growth of the appropriate tip site are accompanied by formation of dynamic actin arrays associated with the actin-nucleating Arp2/3 complex. In eukaryotes, a major pathway for activation of the Arp2/3 complex is via the Rho family GTPase, Rac1, which stimulates the Scar/WAVE complex. To determine whether Rac1 controls actin nucleation in Silvetia compressa (J. Agardh) E. Serrao, T. O. Cho, S. M. Boo et Brawley, we tested the effects of the Rac1-specific inhibitory compound, NSC23766, on actin dependent processes and on actin arrays. We found that NSC23766 disrupted polar secretion of adhesive, polarization of endomembranes, and tip-focused growth in the rhizoid. Similarly, NSC23766 altered actin and Arp2 localization in the growing rhizoid. In contrast, NSC23766 had no effect on selection of the growth site or on cytokinesis. These data suggest that Rac1 participates in nucleation of specific actin arrays in the developing zygote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney E Hable
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747-2300, USA.
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Hagel G, Battesti R, Nez F, Julien L, Biraben F. Observation of a motional Stark effect to determine the second-order Doppler effect. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:203001. [PMID: 12443473 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.203001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The high resolution two-photon spectroscopy of hydrogen is often limited by the second-order Doppler effect. To determine this effect, we apply a magnetic field perpendicular to the atomic beam. This field induces a quadratic motional Stark shift proportional, as the second-order Doppler effect, to v(2) (v atomic velocity). For some magnetic field, these two effects are opposite and the total shift due to the atomic velocity is reduced. We present the first observation of this effect for the 1S-3S transition in hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hagel
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Département de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Stein BL, Lamoureux E, Miller M, Vasilevsky CA, Julien L, Gordon PH. Glutaraldehyde-induced colitis. Can J Surg 2001; 44:113-6. [PMID: 11308232 PMCID: PMC3695104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the etiology and clinical course of acute colitis occurring after flexible endoscopy. DESIGN Chart review. SETTING A university teaching hospital. PATIENTS Eight patients who sought assessment of potential colonic disease. INTERVENTION Colonoscopy in 5 patients and flexible sigmoidoscopy in 3 patients. The indication for endoscopy was screening in 5 patients, cancer surveillance in 2 patients and preoperative evaluation of colon carcinoma in 1 patient. OUTCOME MEASURES The relation of presenting symptoms to glutaraldehyde exposure, the response to therapy and the need for further therapy. RESULTS All patients had abdominal pain, mucus diarrhea and rectal bleeding within 48 hours after endoscopy. Most patients reported that the symptoms started within 12 hours of the procedure. All patients were confirmed by sigmoidoscopy to have colitis within 72 hours of the first endoscopic procedure. One patient required hospitalization. In the first 7 patients several stool cultures were negative for Clostridium difficile using the cytotoxin assay by the cell culture method. Four patients had negative cultures for Yersinia, Salmonella and Shigella spp. Three patients were treated with metronidazole initially. Two patients underwent endoscopic biopsy and examination of the biopsy specimen showed fibrinoleukocytic exudate and ischemic type injury. One patient underwent the scheduled sigmoid resection within 48 hours of endoscopy for a Dukes' stage B adenocarcinoma. Concomitant acute ischemic colitis limited to the mucosa and submucosa was noted in the resected specimen. Symptoms resolved in all patients and follow-up endoscopy revealed normal mucosa. CONCLUSION The entity of glutaraldehyde-induced colitis should be recognized and special attention should be given during instrument cleansing to minimize the risk of its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Stein
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mortimer B Davis-Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Que
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Julien L, Glass-Maujean M, Descoubes JP. On the dissociation of the H2molecule following electron impact and leading to the obtaining of atomic hydrogen in n=3 levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/6/8/002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Glass-Maujean M, Julien L, Dohnalik T. Stark-induced anticrossings in hydrogen. II. Experimental study, measurement of the2P3/2-2D3/2Lamb shifts in H(n=3 and 4). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/11/3/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Désilets A, Julien L, Moller K, Ahrens P, Higgins R. Isolation of a nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent Pasteurella haemolytica-like organism from the placenta of an aborted cow. Can Vet J 1998; 39:507. [PMID: 9711392 PMCID: PMC1539419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Désilets
- Ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêchéries, et de l'Alimentation du Québec (MAPAQ)
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Higgins R, Lagacé A, Messier S, Julien L. Isolation of Streptococcus suis from a young wild boar. Can Vet J 1997; 38:114. [PMID: 9028599 PMCID: PMC1576536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Higgins
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec
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Bourzeix S, Nez F, Plimmer MD, Julien L, Biraben F, Stacey DN. High resolution spectroscopy of the hydrogen atom: Determination of the 1S Lamb shift. Phys Rev Lett 1996; 76:384-387. [PMID: 10061443 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Weitz M, Huber A, Schmidt-Kaler F, Leibfried D, Vassen W, Zimmermann C, Pachucki K, Hänsch TW, Julien L, Biraben F. Precision measurement of the 1S ground-state Lamb shift in atomic hydrogen and deuterium by frequency comparison. Phys Rev A 1995; 52:2664-2681. [PMID: 9912548 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Nez F, Plimmer MD, Bourzeix S, Julien L, Biraben F, Felder R, Acef O, Zondy JJ, Laurent P, Clairon A, Abed M, Millerioux Y, Juncar P. Precise frequency measurement of the 2S-8S/8D transtions in atomic hydrogen: New determination of the Rydberg constant. Phys Rev Lett 1992; 69:2326-2329. [PMID: 10046456 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Inguscio M, Julien L, Marin F, Sasso A, Tino GM. Saturation spectroscopy and velocity-selective optical pumping of oxygen using an (Al,Ga)As diode laser. Phys Rev A 1991; 44:5811-5819. [PMID: 9906644 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.5811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Garreau J, Allegrini M, Julien L, Biraben F. High resolution spectroscopy of the hydrogen atom - III. Wavelength comparison and Rydberg constant determination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1051/jphys:0199000510200229300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Biraben F, Garreau JC, Julien L, Allegrini M. New measurement of the Rydberg constant by two-photon spectroscopy of hydrogen Rydberg states. Phys Rev Lett 1989; 62:621-624. [PMID: 10040286 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.62.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Mantha L, Julien L. Gold Salts in Arthritis. Can Med Assoc J 1949; 61:422. [PMID: 20324483 PMCID: PMC1591664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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