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Kabeshita L, Sloat LL, Fischer EV, Kampf S, Magzamen S, Schultz C, Wilkins MJ, Kinnebrew E, Mueller ND. Pathways framework identifies wildfire impacts on agriculture. Nat Food 2023; 4:664-672. [PMID: 37550540 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires are a growing concern to society and the environment in many parts of the world. Within the United States, the land area burned by wildfires has steadily increased over the past 40 years. Agricultural land management is widely understood as a force that alters fire regimes, but less is known about how wildfires, in turn, impact the agriculture sector. Based on an extensive literature review, we identify three pathways of impact-direct, downwind and downstream-through which wildfires influence agricultural resources (soil, water, air and photosynthetically active radiation), labour (agricultural workers) and products (crops and livestock). Through our pathways framework, we highlight the complexity of wildfire-agriculture interactions and the need for collaborative, systems-oriented research to better quantify the magnitude of wildfire impacts and inform the adaptation of agricultural systems to an increasingly fire-prone future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Kabeshita
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Lindsey L Sloat
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Land and Carbon Lab, World Resources Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emily V Fischer
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Stephanie Kampf
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Courtney Schultz
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michael J Wilkins
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Eva Kinnebrew
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Mueller
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Yang Y, Jin Z, Mueller ND, Driscoll AW, Hernandez RR, Grodsky SM, Sloat LL, Chester MV, Zhu YG, Lobell DB. Sustainable irrigation and climate feedbacks. Nat Food 2023; 4:654-663. [PMID: 37591963 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural irrigation induces greenhouse gas emissions directly from soils or indirectly through the use of energy or construction of dams and irrigation infrastructure, while climate change affects irrigation demand, water availability and the greenhouse gas intensity of irrigation energy. Here, we present a scoping review to elaborate on these irrigation-climate linkages by synthesizing knowledge across different fields, emphasizing the growing role climate change may have in driving future irrigation expansion and reinforcing some of the positive feedbacks. This Review underscores the urgent need to promote and adopt sustainable irrigation, especially in regions dominated by strong, positive feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenong Jin
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
| | - Nathaniel D Mueller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Avery W Driscoll
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca R Hernandez
- Wild Energy Center, Institute of the Environment, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Land, Air & Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Steven M Grodsky
- Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, US Geological Survey, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lindsey L Sloat
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Land and Carbon Lab, World Resources Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mikhail V Chester
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - David B Lobell
- Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Ray DK, Sloat LL, Garcia AS, Davis KF, Ali T, Xie W. Crop harvests for direct food use insufficient to meet the UN's food security goal. Nat Food 2022; 3:367-374. [PMID: 37117562 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Rising competition for crop usage presents policy challenges exacerbated by poor understanding of where crops are harvested for various uses. Here we create high-resolution global maps showing where crops are harvested for seven broad use categories-food, feed, processing, export, industrial, seed and losses. Yields for food crops are low relative to other crop-use categories. It is unlikely, given current trends, that the minimum calorie requirement to eliminate projected food undernourishment by 2030 will be met through crops harvested for direct food consumption, although enough calories will be harvested across all usages. Sub-Saharan African nations will probably fall short of feeding their increased population and eliminating undernourishment in 2030, even if all harvested calories are used directly as food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K Ray
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
| | | | | | - Kyle F Davis
- Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Tariq Ali
- School of Economics and Management, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Xie
- China Center for Agricultural Policy, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Many studies have estimated the adverse effects of climate change on crop yields, however, this literature almost universally assumes a constant geographic distribution of crops in the future. Movement of growing areas to limit exposure to adverse climate conditions has been discussed as a theoretical adaptive response but has not previously been quantified or demonstrated at a global scale. Here, we assess how changes in rainfed crop area have already mediated growing season temperature trends for rainfed maize, wheat, rice, and soybean using spatially-explicit climate and crop area data from 1973 to 2012. Our results suggest that the most damaging impacts of warming on rainfed maize, wheat, and rice have been substantially moderated by the migration of these crops over time and the expansion of irrigation. However, continued migration may incur substantial environmental costs and will depend on socio-economic and political factors in addition to land suitability and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey L Sloat
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Steven J Davis
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - James S Gerber
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Frances C Moore
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Deepak K Ray
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Paul C West
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Mueller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Dillon KT, Henderson AN, Lodge AG, Hamilton NI, Sloat LL, Enquist BJ, Price CA, Kerkhoff AJ. On the relationships between size and abundance in plants: beyond forest communities. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda N. Henderson
- Department of Biology Kenyon College Gambier Ohio 43022 USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Alexandra G. Lodge
- Department of Biology Kenyon College Gambier Ohio 43022 USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | | | - Lindsey L. Sloat
- Institute on the Environment University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55414 USA
| | - Brian J. Enquist
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Charles A. Price
- School of Plant Biology University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
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Sides CB, Enquist BJ, Ebersole JJ, Smith MN, Henderson AN, Sloat LL. Revisiting Darwin's hypothesis: Does greater intraspecific variability increase species' ecological breadth? Am J Bot 2014; 101:56-62. [PMID: 24343815 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1300284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Darwin first proposed that species with larger ecological breadth have greater phenotypic variation. We tested this hypothesis by comparing intraspecific variation in specific leaf area (SLA) to species' local elevational range and by assessing how external (abiotic) filters may influence observed differences in ecological breadth among species. Understanding the patterns of individual variation within and between populations will help evaluate differing hypotheses for structuring of communities and distribution of species. METHODS We selected 21 species with varying elevational ranges and compared the coefficient of variation of SLA for each species against its local elevational range. We examined the influence of external filters on local trait composition by determining if intraspecific changes in SLA with elevation have the same direction and similar rates of change as the change in community mean SLA value. KEY RESULTS In support of Darwin's hypothesis, we found a positive relationship between species' coefficient of variation for SLA with species' local elevational range. Intraspecific changes in SLA had the same sign, but generally lower magnitude than the community mean SLA. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that wide-ranging species are indeed characterized by greater intraspecific variation and that species' phenotypes shift along environmental gradients in the same direction as the community phenotypes. However, across species, the rate of intraspecific trait change, reflecting plastic and/or adaptive changes across populations, is limited and prevents species from adjusting to environmental gradients as quickly as interspecific changes resulting from community assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby B Sides
- The Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, 1041 Lowell Street, Tucson, Arizona 85719 USA
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Morueta-Holme N, Enquist BJ, McGill BJ, Boyle B, Jørgensen PM, Ott JE, Peet RK, Símová I, Sloat LL, Thiers B, Violle C, Wiser SK, Dolins S, Donoghue JC, Kraft NJB, Regetz J, Schildhauer M, Spencer N, Svenning JC. Habitat area and climate stability determine geographical variation in plant species range sizes. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:1446-54. [PMID: 24119177 PMCID: PMC4068282 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Despite being a fundamental aspect of biodiversity, little is known about what controls species range sizes. This is especially the case for hyperdiverse organisms such as plants. We use the largest botanical data set assembled to date to quantify geographical variation in range size for ∼ 85 000 plant species across the New World. We assess prominent hypothesised range-size controls, finding that plant range sizes are codetermined by habitat area and long- and short-term climate stability. Strong short- and long-term climate instability in large parts of North America, including past glaciations, are associated with broad-ranged species. In contrast, small habitat areas and a stable climate characterise areas with high concentrations of small-ranged species in the Andes, Central America and the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest region. The joint roles of area and climate stability strengthen concerns over the potential effects of future climate change and habitat loss on biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naia Morueta-Holme
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity Group, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Hardy CR, Sloat LL, Faden RB. Floral organogenesis and the developmental basis for pollinator deception in the asiatic dayflower, Commelina communis (Commelinaceae). Am J Bot 2009; 96:1236-1244. [PMID: 21628272 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.0800344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The upper half of flowers in Commelina communis deceptively lures potential pollinators with its showy petals and staminodes on the false promise of abundant pollen. This paper presents evidence that staminodization in the upper half is associated with a severe retardation of the entire upper floral hemisphere early in development. Possible consequences of this developmental retardation are seen also in the gynoecium, where the upper carpel of the three-carpellate ovary is underdeveloped and sterile at maturity. Only late in development do the upper petals and staminodes expand and acquire pigments necessary for their attractive function. We surmise that retardations of this severity are unlikely to be found for functionally fertile organs such as stamens and ovule-producing carpels, because key preparatory events preceding sporogenesis might otherwise be disrupted. Such differential growth about the floral apex resembles that known in some eudicots to be regulated by the TCP gene family; thus, future molecular developmental studies in Commelina may help to extend our understanding of the evolutionary genetics of floral monosymmetry to monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Hardy
- James C. Parks Herbarium, Department of Biology, Millersville University, P.O. Box 1002, Millersville, Pennsylvania 17551-0302 USA
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