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Pham LT, Peng H, Ueno M, Kohno S, Kasada A, Hosomichi K, Sato T, Kurayoshi K, Kobayashi M, Tadokoro Y, Kasahara A, Shoulkamy MI, Xiao B, Worley PF, Takahashi C, Tajima A, Hirao A. RHEB is a potential therapeutic target in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 621:74-79. [PMID: 35810594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy of immature T lymphocytes. Although various therapeutic approaches have been developed, refractoriness of chemotherapy and relapse cause a poor prognosis of the disease and further therapeutic strategies are required. Here, we report that Ras homolog enriched in brain (RHEB), a critical regulator of mTOR complex 1 activity, is a potential target for T-ALL therapy. In this study, we established an sgRNA library that comprehensively targeted mTOR upstream and downstream pathways, including autophagy. CRISPR/Cas9 dropout screening revealed critical roles of mTOR-related molecules in T-ALL cell survival. Among the regulators, we focused on RHEB because we previously found that it is dispensable for normal hematopoiesis in mice. Transcriptome and metabolic analyses revealed that RHEB deficiency suppressed de novo nucleotide biosynthesis, leading to human T-ALL cell death. Importantly, RHEB deficiency suppressed tumor growth in both mouse and xenograft models. Our data provide a potential strategy for efficient therapy of T-ALL by RHEB-specific inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loc Thi Pham
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hui Peng
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masaya Ueno
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Susumu Kohno
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Atuso Kasada
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hosomichi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takehiro Sato
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kenta Kurayoshi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuko Tadokoro
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kasahara
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan; Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mahmoud I Shoulkamy
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Paul F Worley
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirao
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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Jing Y, Kobayashi M, Vu HT, Kasahara A, Chen X, Pham LT, Kurayoshi K, Tadokoro Y, Ueno M, Todo T, Nakada M, Hirao A. Therapeutic advantage of targeting lysosomal membrane integrity supported by lysophagy in malignant glioma. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2716-2726. [PMID: 35657693 PMCID: PMC9357661 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes function as the digestive system of a cell and are involved in macromolecular recycling, vesicle trafficking, metabolic reprogramming, and progrowth signaling. Although quality control of lysosome biogenesis is thought to be a potential target for cancer therapy, practical strategies have not been established. Here, we show that lysosomal membrane integrity supported by lysophagy, a selective autophagy for damaged lysosomes, is a promising therapeutic target for glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we found that ifenprodil, an FDA‐approved drug with neuromodulatory activities, efficiently inhibited spheroid formation of patient‐derived GBM cells in a combination with autophagy inhibition. Ifenprodil increased intracellular Ca2+ level, resulting in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species–mediated cytotoxicity. The ifenprodil‐induced Ca2+ elevation was due to Ca2+ release from lysosomes, but not endoplasmic reticulum, associated with galectin‐3 punctation as an indicator of lysosomal membrane damage. As the Ca2+ release was enhanced by ATG5 deficiency, autophagy protected against lysosomal membrane damage. By comparative analysis of 765 FDA‐approved compounds, we identified another clinically available drug for central nervous system (CNS) diseases, amoxapine, in addition to ifenprodil. Both compounds promoted degradation of lysosomal membrane proteins, indicating a critical role of lysophagy in quality control of lysosomal membrane integrity. Importantly, a synergistic inhibitory effect of ifenprodil and chloroquine, a clinically available autophagy inhibitor, on spheroid formation was remarkable in GBM cells, but not in nontransformed neural progenitor cells. Finally, chloroquine dramatically enhanced effects of the compounds inducing lysosomal membrane damage in a patient‐derived xenograft model. These data demonstrate a therapeutic advantage of targeting lysosomal membrane integrity in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Jing
- Division of Molecular Genetics Cancer Research Institute Kanazawa University, Kakuma‐machi, Kanazawa 920‐1192 Japan
| | - Masahiko Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Cancer Research Institute Kanazawa University, Kakuma‐machi, Kanazawa 920‐1192 Japan
| | - Ha Thi Vu
- Division of Molecular Genetics Cancer Research Institute Kanazawa University, Kakuma‐machi, Kanazawa 920‐1192 Japan
- Present address: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Hanoi Medical University No1‐Ton That Tung street‐Dong Da district, Ha Noi Vietnam
| | - Atsuko Kasahara
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative Kanazawa University, Kakuma‐machi, Kanazawa, 920‐1192 Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI‐Nano LSI) Kanazawa University, Kakuma‐machi, Kanazawa 920‐1192 Japan
| | - Xi Chen
- Division of Molecular Genetics Cancer Research Institute Kanazawa University, Kakuma‐machi, Kanazawa 920‐1192 Japan
| | - Loc Thi Pham
- Division of Molecular Genetics Cancer Research Institute Kanazawa University, Kakuma‐machi, Kanazawa 920‐1192 Japan
| | - Kenta Kurayoshi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Cancer Research Institute Kanazawa University, Kakuma‐machi, Kanazawa 920‐1192 Japan
| | - Yuko Tadokoro
- Division of Molecular Genetics Cancer Research Institute Kanazawa University, Kakuma‐machi, Kanazawa 920‐1192 Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI‐Nano LSI) Kanazawa University, Kakuma‐machi, Kanazawa 920‐1192 Japan
| | - Masaya Ueno
- Division of Molecular Genetics Cancer Research Institute Kanazawa University, Kakuma‐machi, Kanazawa 920‐1192 Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI‐Nano LSI) Kanazawa University, Kakuma‐machi, Kanazawa 920‐1192 Japan
| | - Tomoki Todo
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa University Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirao
- Division of Molecular Genetics Cancer Research Institute Kanazawa University, Kakuma‐machi, Kanazawa 920‐1192 Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI‐Nano LSI) Kanazawa University, Kakuma‐machi, Kanazawa 920‐1192 Japan
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Meyer A, Dinh TX, Han TA, Do DV, Nhu TV, Pham LT, Nguyen TTT, Newman S, Häsler B, Pfeiffer DU, Vergne T. Trade patterns facilitating highly pathogenic avian influenza virus dissemination in the free-grazing layer duck system in Vietnam. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:408-419. [PMID: 28815990 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses continue to threaten smallholder poultry producers in several South-east Asian countries, including Vietnam. In particular, the free-grazing duck system has been repeatedly highlighted as a major risk factor for HPAI outbreaks. Free-grazing ducks, which scavenge on rice paddies after the harvest, account for a large proportion of the duck population in Vietnam and the wider South-east Asian region. However, the structure and dynamics of the free-grazing duck production from farm to consumption has not been described for Vietnam. In this study, we used a value chain approach to provide a complete picture of the actors involved in the production and marketing of free-grazing duck eggs and spent layer ducks, as well as to investigate the governance structure of this food system. Group interviews and key informant interviews were conducted in two provinces located in the Mekong River Delta (MRD) and the Red River Delta (RRD). The results presented here highlight similarities and differences in farming and trade practices between the two provinces. The trade of spent layer ducks involved large volumes of live ducks being sent to China and Cambodia for consumption, generating a substantial risk of transboundary spread of pathogens, including HPAI viruses. We describe the major role of "duck yards", which act as hubs in the northbound trade of spent layer ducks. These yards should be considered as essential links in the value chain of spent layer ducks when considering HPAI surveillance and control. The veterinary authorities are only marginally involved in the value chain activities, and their influence could be strengthened by increasing surveillance activities for instance in duck yards. Last, we discuss the dynamics of the duck value chain and further implications for future HPAI management policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Meyer
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - T X Dinh
- National Institute for Animal Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T A Han
- National Institute for Animal Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - D V Do
- National Institute for Animal Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T V Nhu
- National Institute for Animal Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - L T Pham
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T T T Nguyen
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - S Newman
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - B Häsler
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - D U Pfeiffer
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - T Vergne
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.,MIVEGEC Group (UMR CNRS/IRD/UM2), Montpellier, France
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to smell is commonly altered by head trauma (HT). However, the nature, prevalence, prognosis, and etiology of such alterations are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To quantitatively determine the degree of olfactory function in patients with HT-related chemosensory complaints and to examine the influences of age, sex, HT severity, time since HT, and other variables on such function. Also, to use quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to establish whether and to what degree damage to the olfactory bulbs and tracts, frontal lobes, and temporal lobes occurs. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred sixty-eight patients with HT from the University of Pennsylvania Smell and Taste Center, Philadelphia, were administered a quantitative odor identification test, a depression inventory, and a medical history questionnaire; 66 were retested after individual test-retest periods ranging from 1 month to 13 years. The volume of olfactory-related brain structures was determined in 15 patients and 15 controls using MRI. RESULTS One hundred seventy-nine patients (66.8%) had anosmia, 55 (20.5%) had microsmia, and 34 (12.7%) had normosmia. Frontal impacts produced less dysfunction than back or side impacts. Of the 66 retested patients, 24 (36%) improved slightly, 30 (45%) had no change, and 12 (18%) worsened; only 3 patients, none of whom initially had anosmia, regained normal olfactory function. Trauma severity was related to olfactory test scores in patients with microsmia. Parosmia prevalence decreased from 41.1% to 15.4% over an 8-year posttrauma period. Olfactory bulb and tract volumes of male, but not female, patients with HT were greatly reduced relative to volumes of controls. CONCLUSIONS Patients complaining of HT-related olfactory dysfunction typically have anosmia and rarely regain normal olfactory ability, parosmia prevalence decreases over time in such patients, and damage to olfaction-related brain structures can be observed in most such patients using an appropriate MRI protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Doty
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA
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