Clinical and immunological outcomes of SARS-CoV-2-infected vaccine responders, vaccine non-responders, and unvaccinated patients evaluated for neutralizing monoclonal antibody treatment at a single German tertiary care center: a retrospective cohort study with prospective follow-up

PURPOSE

This study assessed the clinical and immunological outcomes of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with risk factors for severe disease depending on their immunological status.

METHODS

In this retrospective study with single follow-up visit, clinical outcome and humoral immunity was monitored in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients at risk. The results were compared based on the patients' initial immunological status: unvaccinated (UV), patients who did not develop neutralizing antibodies after vaccination (vaccine non-responders, VNR), and patients who expressed neutralizing antibodies after vaccination (vaccine responders, VR). Patients who lacked neutralizing antibodies (VNR and UV) were treated with nMABs.

RESULTS

In total, 113 patients at risk of severe COVID-19 consented to participate in the study. VR and UV were not admitted to the hospital. During the observation period, UVs had the highest rate of SARS-CoV-2 re-infections. Three of 41 VNRs (7.3%) were hospitalized due to severe COVID-19, with two of them having undergone iatrogenic B-cell depletion. The humoral immune response after infection was significantly lower in the VNR group than in the VR group in terms of anti-N, anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD), anti-S antibody titers, and anti-S antibody avidity. In a sub-analysis of VNR, B cell-deficient non-responders had significantly lower levels of anti-N antibodies and anti-S avidity after infection than other VNRs.

CONCLUSION

VNR, particularly B-cell-depleted VNR, remained at risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19. In the VR group, however, no clinical complications or severe disease were observed, despite not receiving nMAbs. Tailoring the administration of nMABs according to patient vaccination and immunological status may be advisable.

fMRI BOLD and MEG theta power reflect complementary aspects of activity during lexicosemantic decision in adolescents with ASD

Neuroimaging studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been predominantly unimodal. While many fMRI studies have reported atypical activity patterns for diverse tasks, the MEG literature in ASD remains comparatively small. Our group recently reported atypically increased event-related theta power in individuals with ASD during lexicosemantic processing. The current multimodal study examined the relationship between fMRI BOLD signal and anatomically-constrained MEG (aMEG) theta power. Thirty-three adolescents with ASD and 23 typically developing (TD) peers took part in both fMRI and MEG scans, during which they distinguished between standard words (SW), animal words (AW), and pseudowords (PW). Regions-of-interest (ROIs) were derived based on task effects detected in BOLD signal and aMEG theta power. BOLD signal and theta power were extracted for each ROI and word condition. Compared to TD participants, increased theta power in the ASD group was found across several time windows and regions including left fusiform and inferior frontal, as well as right angular and anterior cingulate gyri, whereas BOLD signal was significantly increased in the ASD group only in right anterior cingulate gyrus. No significant correlations were observed between BOLD signal and theta power. Findings suggest that the common interpretation of increases in BOLD signal and theta power as 'activation' require careful differentiation, as these reflect largely distinct aspects of regional brain activity. Some group differences in dynamic neural processing detected with aMEG that are likely relevant for lexical processing may be obscured by the hemodynamic signal source and low temporal resolution of fMRI.

Changes in the pattern of suicides and suicide attempt admissions in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic

The consequences of the current COVID-19 pandemic for mental health remain unclear, especially regarding the effects on suicidal behaviors. To assess changes in the pattern of suicide attempt (SA) admissions and completed suicides (CS) in association with the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of a longitudinal study, SA admissions and CS are systematically documented and analyzed in all psychiatric hospitals in Frankfurt/Main (765.000 inhabitants). Number, sociodemographic factors, diagnoses and methods of SA and CS were compared between the periods of March-December 2019 and March-December 2020. The number of CS did not change, while the number of SA significantly decreased. Age, sex, occupational status, and psychiatric diagnoses did not change in SA, whereas the percentage of patients living alone while attempting suicide increased. The rate and number of intoxications as a SA method increased and more people attempted suicide in their own home, which was not observed in CS. Such a shift from public places to home is supported by the weekday of SA, as the rate of SA on weekends was significantly lower during the pandemic, likely because of lockdown measures. Only admissions to psychiatric hospitals were recorded, but not to other institutions. As it seems unlikely that the number of SA decreased while the number of CS remained unchanged, it is conceivable that the number of unreported SA cases increased during the pandemic. Our data suggest that a higher number of SA remained unnoticed during the pandemic because of their location and the use of methods associated with lower lethality.

Evidence of a Near-Threshold Resonance in ^{11}B Relevant to the β-Delayed Proton Emission of ^{11}Be

A narrow near-threshold proton-emitting resonance (E_{x}=11.4  MeV, J^{π}=1/2^{+}, and Γ_{p}=4.4  keV) was directly observed in ^{11}B via proton resonance scattering. This resonance was previously inferred in the β-delayed proton emission of the neutron halo nucleus ^{11}Be. The good agreement between both experimental results serves as a ground to confirm the existence of such exotic decay and the particular behavior of weakly bound nuclei coupled to the continuum. R-matrix analysis shows a sizable partial decay width for both, proton and α (Γ_{α}=11  keV) emission channels.

Functional Somatic Symptoms and Emotion Regulation in Children and Adolescents

Background

Functional Somatic Symptoms (FSS; i.e. symptoms without sufficient organic explanation) often begin in childhood and adolescence and are common to this developmental period. Emotion regulation and parental factors seem to play a relevant role in the development and maintenance of FSS. So far, little systematic research has been conducted in childhood and adolescence on the importance of specific emotion regulation strategies and their links with parental factors.

Method

In two studies, children and adolescents (Study 1/Study 2: N = 46/68; 65%/60% female, Age M = 10.0/13.1) and their parents completed questionnaires on children's FSS and adaptive and maladaptive emotional regulation (in Study 2, additionally parental somatization and child/parental alexithymia).

Results

In both studies, child-reported FSS were negatively associated with children's adaptive emotion regulation (r = -.34/-.31, p < .03; especially acceptance) and positively with children's maladaptive emotion regulation and alexithymia (r = .53/.46, p < .001). Moreover, children's maladaptive emotion regulation (β = .34, p = .02) explained incremental variance in child-reported FSS beyond children's age/sex, parental somatization and emotion regulation. In contrast, parental somatization was the only significant predictor (β = .44, p < .001) of parent-reported FSS in children/adolescents.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that particularly rumination and alexithymia and parental somatization are important predictors of FSS in children/adolescents. Overall, the results showed a dependence on the person reporting children's FSS (i.e., method-variance). So, for future studies it is relevant to continue using the multi-informant approach.

2021 opinion from the CUROPF on THE efficacy and safety of mid-urethral slings used in women WITH urinary stress incontinence

OBJECTIVE

To determine the usefulness of mid-urethral slings (MUS) in the surgical management of women presenting with urinary stress incontinence (USI) METHOD: A consensus committee of multidisciplinary experts (CUROPF) was convened and focused on PICO questions concerning the efficacy and safety of MUS surgery compared to other procedures and concerning which approach (retropubic (RP) vs transobturator (TO)) should be proposed as a first-line MUS surgery for specific subpopulations (obese; intrinsic sphincteric deficiency (ISD); elderly) RESULTS: As compared to other procedures (urethral bulking agents, traditional slings and open colposuspension), the MUS procedure should be proposed as the first-line surgical therapy (strong agreement). MUS surgery can be associated with complications and proper pre-operative informed consent is mandatory (strong agreement). Mini-slings (SIS/SIMS) should only be proposed in clinical trials (strong agreement). Both RP and TO approaches may be proposed for the insertion of MUS (strong agreement). However, if the woman is willing to accept a moderate increase in per-operative risk, the RP approach should be preferred (strong agreement) since it is associated with higher very long-term cure rates and as it is possible to completely remove the sling surgically if a severe complication occurs. The RP approach should be used for the insertion of MUS in a woman presenting with ISD (strong agreement). Either the RP or TO approach should be used for the insertion of MUS in an obese woman presenting with USI (strong agreement). In very obese women (BMI ≥35-40kg/m²), weight loss should be preferred prior to MUS surgery and bariatric surgery should be discussed (strong agreement) CONCLUSION: The current Opinion provides an appropriate strategy for both the selection of patients and the best therapeutic approach in women presenting with USI.

[Complications of mid-urethral sling - A review from the Committee for Female Urology and Pelviperineology for the French Association of Urology]

INTRODUCTION

Placement of a mid-urethral sling is the gold standard in the surgical management of stress urinary incontinence in women in France. The cure rate of this material is no longer to be demonstrated, but the per- and post-operative complications are currently the subject of a growing controversy not only in Europe but also across the Channel and across the Atlantic, having led to the modification of operative indications. In France, recommendations are also evolving with a stricter framework for indications for surgery by multidisciplinary consultation meeting and an obligation for postoperative follow-up in the short and long term.

OBJECTIVES

In this context, CUROPF realized a review of the literature bringing together the available scientific evidence concerning the occurrence of per- and post-operative complications relating to the installation of mid urethral sling. The bibliographic search was carried out using the Medline database and 123 articles were selected.

RESULTS

Analysis of the data highlights various complications, depending on the implanted material, the patient and the indication for surgery. The retro-pubic mid urethral sling provides more bladder erosion during surgery (up to 14%), more suprapubic pain (up to 4%) and more acute urinary retention (up to 19,7%) and postoperative dysuria (up to 26%). The trans obturator mid-urethral sling is responsible for more vaginal erosion during the operation (up to 10,9%), more lower limb pain of neurological origin (up to 26,7%). The risk of developing over active bladder is similar in both procedures (up to 33%). But these risks of complications must be balanced by the strong impact of urinary incontinence surgery on the overall quality of life of these women.

CONCLUSION

Thus, surgical failure and long term complications exist but should not limit the surgical management of stress urinary incontinence with mid urethral tape. Women should be treated with individualized decision-making process and long-term follow -up is necessary.

Caffeine intake reduces sedentary time and increases physical activity predisposition in obese police officers

Sedentary time is associated with increased obesity in police officers. Caffeine intake may reduce sedentary time but it has not been extensively investigated. In the present study, the effect of caffeine ingestion on sedentary time was investigated in obese police officers. Fourteen obese police officers ingested either 5 mg/kg of caffeine or cellulose (placebo) for six days. Information on inactivity time, time spent with physical activities, self-reported perception of tiredness, and physical activity disposition was obtained daily during the intervention period. Sedentary and physical activity times were divided into two intraday periods (T₁: 08:00 am-02:00 pm and T₂: 02:00 pm-08:00 pm). Caffeine intake decreased the sedentary time in both T₁ (79.2±2.2%) and T₂ (79.1±2.5%), when compared with T₂ of the placebo condition (81.1±3.6%, P<0.05). Caffeine intake also increased the time spent on light physical activities in T₁ and T₂ (17±2 and 18±2%), when compared with T₂ of the placebo condition (16±3%, P<0.05). In addition, sedentary time increased and light physical activity time decreased from T₁ to T₂ in the placebo (P<0.001) but not in the caffeine condition (P=0.81). Caffeine intake had no effect on tiredness (P>0.05), but it increased the self-reported physical activity disposition compared to the placebo condition (4.5±2.7 vs 3.2±2.3 units, P<0.05). Caffeine intake reduced the sedentary time and increased the time spent on light physical activities of obese police officers, which seems to be related to a higher disposition for the practice of physical activity.

Serious complications and recurrences after pelvic organ prolapse surgery for 2309 women in the VIGI-MESH registry

OBJECTIVE

To assess the incidence of serious complications and reoperations for recurrence after surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and compare the three most common types of repair.

DESIGN

Prospective cohort study using a registry.

SETTING

Nineteen French surgical centres.

POPULATION

A total of 2309 women participated between 2017 and 2019.

METHODS

A multivariate analysis including an inverse probability of treatment weighting approach was used to obtain three comparable groups.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Serious complications and subsequent reoperations for POP recurrence.

RESULTS

The median follow-up time was 17.6 months. Surgeries were native tissue vaginal repairs (n = 504), transvaginal mesh placements (n = 692) and laparoscopic sacropexies with mesh (n = 1113). Serious complications occurred among 52 women (2.3%), and reoperation for POP recurrence was required for 32 women (1.4%). At 1 year the cumulative weighted incidence of serious complications was 1.8% for native tissue vaginal repair, 3.9% for transvaginal mesh and 2.2% for sacropexy, and the rates for reoperation for recurrence of POP were 1.5, 0.7 and 1.1%, respectively. Compared with native tissue vaginal repair, the risk of serious complications was higher in the transvaginal mesh group (weighted hazard ratio, wHR 3.84, 95% CI 2.43-6.08) and the sacropexy group (wHR 2.48, 95% CI 1.45-4.23), whereas the risk of reoperation for prolapse recurrence was lower in both the transvaginal mesh (wHR 0.22, 95% CI 0.13-0.39) and sacropexy (wHR 0.29, 95% CI 0.18-0.47) groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest that native tissue vaginal repairs have the lowest risk of serious complications but the highest risk of reoperation for recurrence. These results are useful for informing women and for shared decision making.

TWEETABLE ABSTRACT

Laparoscopic sacropexy had fewer serious complications than transvaginal mesh and fewer reoperations for recurrence than vaginal repair.

[Sacral neuromodulation as treatment of non-neurological vesical emptying disorders]

GOAL

The goal was to evaluate the results of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in non-neurological vesical emptying disorders.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

From February 2010 to October 2017, 28 patients presenting voiding symptoms or a non-obstructive chronic urine retention without neurological cause have been operated for an SNM (test phase). The test was positive in case of decreased number of proper intermittent self-catheterization (SC) or post-voiding residual urine (PVR) of at least 50 %. A 100 % positive result meant the return to a spontaneous voiding without SC with a non-significative PVR (<100ml).

RESULTS

The median follow-up was of 53.2±21.2 months. Twenty-four (85.7%) tests were positive, from which twenty-two (78.6%) were 100% positive. 16 (84.2%) out of 19 patients with SC had spontaneous voiding without PVR. The number of daily SC decreased from 4.6±1.5 to 0.4±1.2 in post-operative (P<0.001). The PVR was of 287.1±170.4ml vs. 30.4±48.6ml in post-operative (P<0.001). Fourteen patients (58.3%) underwent at least one chirurgical revision or a removal of material ; mainly for loss of efficiency, end of battery, electrode migration and pain on material. At the end of the follow-up, 70.8% of the responding patients had their device still efficient.

CONCLUSION

Results showed that SNM appears to be an efficient treatment of non-neurological emptying vesical troubles. Nevertheless, the re-operation rate was still significant.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

3.

OP0277-PARE METABERN, THE EUROPEAN REFERENCE NETWORK FOR RARE HEREDITARY DISEASES: STRUCTURE, OBJECTIVES, METABOLIC RMDS AND THE ROLES OF EUROPEAN PATIENT ADVOCACY GROUPS (EPAGS)

Background:

Inborn metabolic disorders (IMDs) currently encompass more than 1,500 diseases with new ones still to be identified1. Each of them is characterised by a genetic defect affecting a metabolic pathway. Only few of them have curative treatments, that target the respective metabolic pathway. Commonly, treatment examples include diet, substrate reduction therapies, enzyme replacement therapies, gene therapy and biologicals, enabling IMD-patient now to survive to adulthood. About 30 % of all IMDs involve the musculoskeletal system and are here referred to as rare metabolic RMDs. Generally, IMDs are very heterogenous with respect to symptoms and severity, often being systemic and affecting more children than adults. Thus, challenges include certified advanced training of adult metabolic experts, standardised transition plans, social support and development of therapies for diseases that do not have any cure yet.

Objectives:

Introduction of MetabERN, its structure and objectives, highlighting on the unique features and challenges of metabolic RMDs and describing the involvement of patient representation in MetabERN.

Methods:

MetabERN is stratified in 7 subnetworks (SNW) according to the respective metabolic pathways and 9 work packages (WP), including administration, dissemination, guidelines, virtual counselling framework, research/clinical trials, continuity of care, education and patient involvement. The patient board involves a steering committee and single point of contacts for each subnetwork and work package, respectively2. Projects include identifying the need of implementing social science to assess the psycho-socio-economic burden of IMDs, webinars on IMDs and their transition as well as surveys on the impact of COVID-193 on IMD-patients and health care providers (HCPs), social assistance for IMD-patients and analysing the transition landscape within Europe.

Results:

The MetabERN structure enables bundling of expertise, capacity building and knowledge transfer for faster diagnosis and better health care. Rare metabolic RMDs are present in all SNWs that require unique treatments according to their metabolic pathways. Implementation of social science to assess the psycho-socio-economic burden of IMDs is still underused. Involvement of patient representatives is essential for a holistic healthcare not only focusing on clinical care, but also on the quality of life for IMD-patients. Surveys identified unmet needs of patient care, patients having little information on national support systems and structural deficits of healthcare systems to ensure HCP can provide adequate clinical care during transition phases. These results are collected by MetabERN and forwarded to the Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety (DG SANTE) of the European Commission (EC) to be addressed further.

Conclusion:

MetabERN offers an infrastructure of virtual healthcare for patients with IMDs. Thus, in collaboration with ERN ReCONNET, MetabERN can assist in identifying rare metabolic disorders of RMDs to shorten the odyssey of diagnosis and advise on their respective therapies. On the other hand, MetabERN can benefit from EULAR’s longstanding experience regarding issues affecting the quality of life, all RMD patients are facing, such as pain, stiffness, fatigue, rehabilitation, maintaining work and disability claims.

References:

[1]IEMbase - Inborn Errors of Metabolism Knowledgebase http://www.iembase.org/ (accessed Jan 29, 2021).

[2]MetabERN: European Refence Network for Hereditary Metabolic Disorders https://metab.ern-net.eu/ (accessed Jan 29, 2021).

[3]Lampe, C.; Dionisi-Vici, C.; Bellettato, C. M.; Paneghetti, L.; van Lingen, C.; Bond, S.; Brown, C.; Finglas, A.; Francisco, R.; Sestini, S.; Heard, J. M.; Scarpa, M.; MetabERN collaboration group. The Impact of COVID-19 on Rare Metabolic Patients and Healthcare Providers: Results from Two MetabERN Surveys. Orphanet J. Rare Dis.2020, 15 (1), 341. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-020-01619-x.

Acknowledgements:

The authors thank the MetabERN collaboration group, the single point of contacts (SPOC) of the MetabERN patient board and the Transition Project Working Group (TPWG)

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

Management of transmodiolar and transmacular cochleovestibular schwannomas with and without cochlear implantation

Introduction

Hearing rehabilitation with cochlear implants has attracted increasing interest also for patients with cochleovestibular schwannoma. The authors report their experience with the surgical management of tumors with rare transmodiolar or transmacular extension and outcomes after cochlear implantation (CI).

Methods

This retrospective case series included nine patients with either primary intralabyrinthine tumors or secondary invasion of the inner ear from the internal auditory canal. The primary endpoint with CI, performed in six patients, was word recognition score at 65 dB SPL (sound pressure level). Secondary endpoints were intra- and postoperative electrophysiological parameters, impedance measures, the presence of a wave V in the electrically evoked (via the CI) auditory brainstem responses, the specifics of postoperative CI programming, and adverse events.

Results

Hearing rehabilitation with CI in cases of transmodiolar tumor growth could be achieved only with incomplete tumor removal, whereas tumors with transmacular growth could be completely removed. All six patients with CI had good word recognition scores for numbers in quiet conditions (80–100% at 65 dB SPL, not later than 6 to 12 months post CI activation). Four of these six patients achieved good to very good results for monosyllabic words within 1–36 months (65–85% at 65 dB SPL). The two other patients, however, had low scores for monosyllables at 6 months (25 and 15% at 65 dB SPL, respectively) with worsening of results thereafter.

Conclusions

Cochleovestibular schwannomas with transmodiolar and transmacular extension represent a rare entity with specific management requirements. Hearing rehabilitation with CI is a principal option in these patients.

Video online

The online version of this article (10.1007/s00106-020-00919-9) includes a video (2D and 3D versions) of the described surgical technique. Article and supplementary material are available at www.springermedizin.de. Please enter the title of the article in the search field, the supplementary material can be found under “Ergänzende Inhalte”.

[Vaginal LASER therapy for genito-urinary disorders: A systematic review and statement from the Committee for Female Urology and Pelviperineology of the French Association of Urology]

INTRODUCTION

Vaginal LASER therapy is increasingly used in the field of urogynecology, but several points remain unclear. Our goal was to produce a systematic review of available evidence and provide a critical appraisal of available data.

METHODS

A systematic review until march 2020 was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane and Embase databases. All studies about vaginal LASER use in the field of urogynecology were included.

RESULTS

Forty studies have been included (8 for genitourinary syndrome of menopause, 19 for stress urinary incontinence, 3 for overactive bladder, 7 for urogenital prolapse, 3 for other indications). Data were heterogeneous, and level of evidence was weak or very weak. Few studies were comparative, and only 3 were randomized). Mild improvement of symptoms and quality of life and limited satisfaction were seen for genitourinary syndrome, stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder and prolapse. Few adverse events were reported. However, major methodological biases were noted regarding efficacy and safety evaluation. No long-term results were available.

CONCLUSIONS

While Vaginal LASER therapy seem to provide encouraging results, the level of evidence supporting its use was weak, especially regarding long-term outcomes. Studies of better quality are warranted before any recommendation can be made. Current use should be limited to clinical research.

[Short-term evaluation of Altis® single-incision sling in women stress urinary incontinence]

INTRODUCTION

Midurethral slings are the main surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Altis is a minimally invasive single-incision sling system. The aim of this study is to report the safety and efficacity results during a year of follow up.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This single-centre and retrospective study has been performed in a university hospital, between February 2015 and May 2018. We included women aged more than 18, complaining a stress urinary incontinence with a urethral hypermobility and positive support maneuvers, who had failed from non surgical treatment. A prospective data collection has been done at the moment of inclusion, peroperative time, at 6 weeks, 6 months and a year after the procedure. The main evaluation criteria was the cure rate at twelve months.

RESULTS

Thirty patients were included in our study. The mean age was 45,4±12,9 years old, the mean ICIQ-UI score was 13,5±4,06 and the median pad test was at 12g. Ninety three percent of the procedures were done as ambulatory surgery. The average operating time was at 22,2minutes. Overall, 75% of our patients were objectively cured and 14,2% were in fail of this treatment.

CONCLUSION

The short term results show a good efficacity and safety of this procedure. But its place remains to be defined in relation to other techniques, TVT, TOT and non-prosthetic techniques.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

3.

[Processing of interaural time differences in normal-hearing subjects and cochlear implant users with FSP and HDCIS coding strategy]

BACKGROUND

Sound localization is necessary for social interaction and remains challenging for bilateral cochlear implant (CI) users. This study investigated the influence of fine structure processing (FSP) coding strategies on temporal accuracy and source localization. The ability to discriminate between different interaural time differences (ITD) was measured objectively and compared.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fifteen normal-hearing subjects and five CI users participated in this study. Electrophysiological recording of mismatch negativity (MMN) and psychoacoustic tests with headphones and loudspeakers were conducted to measure and compare the discrimination of ITDs.

RESULTS

In normal-hearing subjects the discrimination threshold for ITD was 83-117 µs. Localization ability in a free sound field was below the limit of resolution. A significant MMN was measured. CI users showed a mean angle detection error of more than 30° and a discrimination threshold between 1100 and 2100 µs. Due to artifacts, no clear MMN component could be recorded.

CONCLUSION

This study shows that MMN can be used as an objective measure of ITD discrimination in normal-hearing participants. An indication that improvements in directional hearing can be achieved with the transfer of fine structure could not be provided by this study.

A feasibility study of trauma-sensitive obstetric care for low-income, ethno-racial minority pregnant abuse survivors

PURPOSE

This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of an integrated (psychological and obstetric) intervention for pregnant abuse survivors with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS) from low-income, ethno-racial minority backgrounds.

METHODS

Trauma-sensitive obstetrics to promote control, anxiety-reduction and empowerment (TO-CARE) offers cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) coping skills delivered over six sessions by therapists, coupled with trauma-sensitive obstetric care from specially-trained obstetric physicians.

RESULTS

Participants were 21 women who completed at least three sessions of CBT, totaling 51.2% of eligible participants. Participants received approximately one-third (M = 2.29; SD = 2.15) of their prenatal visits with obstetric residents trained in trauma-sensitive care. Nearly all participants (95%) reported that they benefited from the intervention. Although most participants demonstrated improvement in PTS, only four demonstrated reliable improvement, and two demonstrated reliable improvement in depression symptoms. These improvements appeared to be maintained at postpartum follow-up for two of the participants.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that TO-CARE was acceptable to pregnant abuse survivors and may be a promising intervention to reduce symptoms of distress. Implications of the low retention rate for the CBT (51.2%) are discussed in the context of interventions for low-income minority pregnant women. Limitations regarding feasibility of the integrated intervention are discussed.

Signaltransduktionswege der Mechanotransduktion in Knochenzellen

Die Erhaltung der Knochenmasse wird durch die Interaktion von verschiedenen Faktoren, einschließlich systemischen Hormonen, lokalen Wachstumsfaktoren und mechanischer Belastung reguliert. Verantwortlich für die adaptive Antwort von Knochenzellen auf mechanische Belastung sind zelluläre Prozesse der Aufnahme, der Umwandlung des physikalischen Stimulus in strukturelle und biochemische Reaktionen, die als Mechanotransduktion bezeichnet werden. Osteoblasten und vor allem Osteozyten sind die mechanosensorischen Zellen des Knochens. Sie benötigen den mechanischen Stimulus für ihre Vitalität und Funktion. Die in der Mechanotransduktion aktivierten Signalwege wirken anabol auf die Knochenmasse. Hierzu gehören der WNT (wingless integration)/β-Catenin und der Östrogenrezeptor (ER)-Signalweg, die beide eine entscheidende Rolle in der Regulation von Knochenbildung und Knochenresorption spielen. Eine Aufklärung der Interaktion der Signalwege in der Mechanotransduktion durch geeignete In-vitro-und In-vivo-Experimente ist sinnvoll, um in Zukunft effektiv mechanische Signale in der Prävention und Intervention von/bei osteodegenerativen Krankheiten, wie z. B. Osteoporose, nutzen zu können.