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Simha P, Barton MA, Perez-Mercado LF, McConville JR, Lalander C, Magri ME, Dutta S, Kabir H, Selvakumar A, Zhou X, Martin T, Kizos T, Kataki R, Gerchman Y, Herscu-Kluska R, Alrousan D, Goh EG, Elenciuc D, Głowacka A, Korculanin L, Tzeng RV, Ray SS, Niwagaba C, Prouty C, Mihelcic JR, Vinnerås B. Erratum to "Willingness among food consumers to recycle human urine as crop fertiliser: Evidence from a multinational survey" [Sci. Total Environ. 765 (2021), 144438]. Sci Total Environ 2021; 790:148318. [PMID: 34144784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prithvi Simha
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technology, Box 7032, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Melissa A Barton
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technology, Box 7032, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luis Fernando Perez-Mercado
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technology, Box 7032, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Center for Water and Environmental Sanitation (Centro de Aguas y Saneamiento Ambiental, CASA), Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Calle Sucre y Parque Latorre, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Jennifer R McConville
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technology, Box 7032, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lalander
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technology, Box 7032, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Elisa Magri
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Humayun Kabir
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | | | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tristan Martin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, Avenue Lucien Bretignières, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Thanasis Kizos
- Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, GR-81100 Mytilene, Greece
| | - Rupam Kataki
- Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Yoram Gerchman
- Department of Biology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Oranim, Tivon 36006, Israel; Oranim College, Kiryat Tivon 36006, Israel
| | | | - Dheaya Alrousan
- Department of Water Management and Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 150459, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Eng Giap Goh
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Daniela Elenciuc
- University of Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Chișinău, Moldavia
| | - Aleksandra Głowacka
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Laura Korculanin
- IADE - Universidade Europeia, Av. D. Carlos I, 4, 1200-649 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rongyu Veneta Tzeng
- International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics (IIIEE), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Saikat Sinha Ray
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Charles Niwagaba
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology (CEDAT), Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Christine Prouty
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - James R Mihelcic
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Björn Vinnerås
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technology, Box 7032, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Cossio C, Perez-Mercado LF, Norrman J, Dalahmeh S, Vinnerås B, Mercado A, McConville J. Impact of treatment plant management on human health and ecological risks from wastewater irrigation in developing countries - case studies from Cochabamba, Bolivia. Int J Environ Health Res 2021; 31:355-373. [PMID: 31475566 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1657075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater irrigation is a common practice in developing countries due to water scarcity and increasing demand for food production. However, there are health risks and ecological risks associated with this practice. Small-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) intend to decrease these risks but still face management challenges. This study assessed how the management status of five small-scale WWTPs in Cochabamba, Bolivia affects health risks associated with consumption of lettuce and ecological risks due to the accumulation of nutrients in the soil for lettuce and maize crops. Risk simulations for three wastewater irrigation scenarios were: raw wastewater, actual effluent and expected effluent. Results showed that weak O&M practices can increase risk outcomes to higher levels than irrigating with raw wastewater. Improving O&M to achieve optimal functioning of small-scale WWTPs can reduce human health risks and ecological risks up to 2 log10 DALY person-1 year-1 and to 2 log10 kg nitrogen ha-1 accumulated in soil, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cossio
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
- Centro de Aguas y Saneamiento Ambiental, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Luis Fernando Perez-Mercado
- Centro de Aguas y Saneamiento Ambiental, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jenny Norrman
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sahar Dalahmeh
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Vinnerås
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alvaro Mercado
- Centro de Aguas y Saneamiento Ambiental, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Jennifer McConville
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Simha P, Barton MA, Perez-Mercado LF, McConville JR, Lalander C, Magri ME, Dutta S, Kabir H, Selvakumar A, Zhou X, Martin T, Kizos T, Kataki R, Gerchman Y, Herscu-Kluska R, Alrousan D, Goh EG, Elenciuc D, Głowacka A, Korculanin L, Tzeng RV, Ray SS, Niwagaba C, Prouty C, Mihelcic JR, Vinnerås B. Willingness among food consumers to recycle human urine as crop fertiliser: Evidence from a multinational survey. Sci Total Environ 2021; 765:144438. [PMID: 33418332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Source-separating sanitation systems offer the possibility of recycling nutrients present in wastewater as crop fertilisers. Thereby, they can reduce agriculture's impacts on global sources, sinks, and cycles for nitrogen and phosphorous, as well as their associated environmental costs. However, it has been broadly assumed that people would be reluctant to perform the new sanitation behaviours that are necessary for implementing such systems in practice. Yet, few studies have tried to systematically gather evidence in support of this assumption. To address this gap, we surveyed 3763 people at 20 universities in 16 countries using a standardised questionnaire. We identified and systematically assessed cross-cultural and country-level explanatory factors that were strongly associated with people's willingness to consume food grown using human urine as fertiliser. Overall, 68% of the respondents favoured recycling human urine, 59% stated a willingness to eat urine-fertilised food, and only 11% believed that urine posed health risks that could not be mitigated by treatment. Most people did not expect to pay less for urine-fertilised food, but only 15% were willing to pay a price premium. Consumer perceptions were found to differ greatly by country and the strongest predictive factors for acceptance overall were cognitive factors (perceptions of risks and benefits) and social norms. Increasing awareness and building trust among consumers about the effectiveness of new sanitation systems via cognitive and normative messaging can help increase acceptance. Based on our findings, we believe that in many countries, acceptance by food consumers will not be the major social barrier to closing the loop on human urine. That a potential market exists for urine-fertilised food, however, needs to be communicated to other stakeholders in the sanitation service chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithvi Simha
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technology, Box 7032, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Melissa A Barton
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technology, Box 7032, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luis Fernando Perez-Mercado
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technology, Box 7032, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Center for Water and Environmental Sanitation (Centro de Aguas y Saneamiento Ambiental, CASA), Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Calle Sucre y Parque Latorre, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Jennifer R McConville
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technology, Box 7032, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lalander
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technology, Box 7032, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Elisa Magri
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Humayun Kabir
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | | | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tristan Martin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, Avenue Lucien Bretignières, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Thanasis Kizos
- Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, GR-81100 Mytilene, Greece
| | - Rupam Kataki
- Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Yoram Gerchman
- Department of Biology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Oranim, Tivon 36006, Israel; Oranim College, Kiryat Tivon 36006, Israel
| | | | - Dheaya Alrousan
- Department of Water Management and Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 150459, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Eng Giap Goh
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Aleksandra Głowacka
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Laura Korculanin
- IADE - Universidade Europeia, Av. D. Carlos I, 4, 1200-649 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rongyu Veneta Tzeng
- International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics (IIIEE), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Saikat Sinha Ray
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Charles Niwagaba
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology (CEDAT), Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Christine Prouty
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - James R Mihelcic
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Björn Vinnerås
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technology, Box 7032, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Perez-Mercado LF, Lalander C, Joel A, Ottoson J, Dalahmeh S, Vinnerås B. Biochar filters as an on-farm treatment to reduce pathogens when irrigating with wastewater-polluted sources. J Environ Manage 2019; 248:109295. [PMID: 31376612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial contamination of vegetables due to irrigation with wastewater-polluted streams is a common problem around most cities in developing countries because wastewater is an available source of water and nutrients but wastewater treatment is often inadequate. On-farm treatment of polluted water is a feasible option to manage microbial risks in a multi-barrier approach. Current evidence indicates good suitability of biochar filters for microbe removal from wastewater using the hydraulic loading rate (HLR) designed for sand filters, but their suitability has not been tested under on-farm conditions. This study evaluated the combined effect of several variables on removal of microbial indicators from diluted wastewater by biochar filtration on-farm and the correlations between removal efficiency and HLR. Columns of biochar with three different effective particle diameters (d10) were fed with diluted wastewater at 1x, 6x, and 12x the design HLR and two levels of water salinity (electrical conductivity, EC). Influent and effluent samples were collected from the columns and analyzed for bacteriophages (ɸX174 and MS2), Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbe removal decreased with increasing HLR, from 2 to 4 to 1 log10 for bacteria and from 2 to 0.8 log10 for viruses, while S. cerevisiae removal was unaffected. Effective particle diameter (d10) was the main variable explaining microbe removal at 6x and 12x, while EC had no effect. Correlation analysis showed removal of 2 log10 bacteria and 1 log10 virus at 3x HLR. Thus biochar filters on-farm would not remove significant amounts of bacteria and viruses. However, the design HLR was found to be conservative. These results, and some technical and management considerations identified, can assist in the development of a scientific method for designing biochar filters for on-farm and conventional wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Perez-Mercado
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7032, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden; Center for Water and Environmental Sanitation (Centro de Aguas y Saneamiento Ambiental, CASA), Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Calle Sucre y Parque Latorre, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
| | - Cecilia Lalander
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7032, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Abraham Joel
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakob Ottoson
- Department of Risk Benefit Assessment, National Food Agency, 75126 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sahar Dalahmeh
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7032, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Vinnerås
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7032, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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Perez-Mercado LF, Lalander C, Joel A, Ottoson J, Iriarte M, Oporto C, Vinnerås B. Pathogens in crop production systems irrigated with low-quality water in Bolivia. J Water Health 2018; 16:980-990. [PMID: 30540272 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2018.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In dry areas, the need for irrigation to ensure agricultural production determines the use of all available water sources. However, the water sources used for irrigation are often contaminated by untreated or minimally treated wastewater. Microbial risks from reusing wastewater for vegetable irrigation can be addressed by installing environmental barriers that pathogens must cross to reach humans in the reuse system. Knowledge of pathogen flows inside the system and pathogen removal potential is the first step towards devising a risk management strategy. This study assessed microbe prevalence in farming systems in the Bolivian highlands that use wastewater-polluted sources for irrigation of lettuce. Samples of soil, lettuce and different water sources used in the farming systems were taken during one crop season and concentrations of coliphages, Escherichia coli and helminth eggs were measured. The results showed high spread of these microorganisms throughout the whole system. There was a significant correlation between microbial quality of water and of the harvested produce for several microorganisms. The microbial prevalence in protected shallow wells was found to be significantly lower than in other water sources. These findings can help formulate feasible risk management strategies in contexts where conventional technologies for microbial removal are not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Perez-Mercado
- Center for Water and Environmental Sanitation (Centro de Aguas y Saneamiento Ambiental, CASA), Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Calle Sucre y Parque Latorre, Cochabamba, Bolivia E-mail: ; Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7032, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lalander
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7032, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Abraham Joel
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakob Ottoson
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, National Food Agency of Sweden, Box 622, 75126 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mercedes Iriarte
- Center for Water and Environmental Sanitation (Centro de Aguas y Saneamiento Ambiental, CASA), Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Calle Sucre y Parque Latorre, Cochabamba, Bolivia E-mail:
| | - Carla Oporto
- Center for Water and Environmental Sanitation (Centro de Aguas y Saneamiento Ambiental, CASA), Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Calle Sucre y Parque Latorre, Cochabamba, Bolivia E-mail:
| | - Björn Vinnerås
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7032, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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