1
|
Rijks JM, Leopold MF, Kühn S, in ‘t Veld R, Schenk F, Brenninkmeijer A, Lilipaly SJ, Ballmann MZ, Kelder L, de Jong JW, Courtens W, Slaterus R, Kleyheeg E, Vreman S, Kik MJ, Gröne A, Fouchier RA, Engelsma M, de Jong MC, Kuiken T, Beerens N. Mass Mortality Caused by Highly Pathogenic Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Sandwich Terns, the Netherlands, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:2538-2542. [PMID: 36418000 PMCID: PMC9707584 DOI: 10.3201/eid2812.221292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We collected data on mass mortality in Sandwich terns (Thalasseus sandvicensis) during the 2022 breeding season in the Netherlands. Mortality was associated with at least 2 variants of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus clade 2.3.4.4b. We report on carcass removal efforts relative to survival in colonies. Mitigation strategies urgently require structured research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susanne Kühn
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M. Rijks, M.J.L. Kik, A. Gröne)
- Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M.F. Leopold, S. Kühn)
- Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, Numansdorp, the Netherlands (R. in ’t Veld)
- Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, Wilhelminadorp, the Netherlands (F. Schenk)
- Province of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A. Brenninkmeijer)
- Deltamilieu Projecten, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (S.J. Lilipaly, M.Z. Ballmann)
- Staatsbosbeheer Beheereenheid de Kop, Schoorl, the Netherlands (L. Kelder)
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands (J.W. de Jong)
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium (W. Courtens)
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (S. Vreman, M. Engelsma,, N. Beerens)
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken)
- Wageningen University and Research, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen, the Netherlands (M.C.M. de Jong)
| | - Ronald in ‘t Veld
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M. Rijks, M.J.L. Kik, A. Gröne)
- Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M.F. Leopold, S. Kühn)
- Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, Numansdorp, the Netherlands (R. in ’t Veld)
- Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, Wilhelminadorp, the Netherlands (F. Schenk)
- Province of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A. Brenninkmeijer)
- Deltamilieu Projecten, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (S.J. Lilipaly, M.Z. Ballmann)
- Staatsbosbeheer Beheereenheid de Kop, Schoorl, the Netherlands (L. Kelder)
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands (J.W. de Jong)
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium (W. Courtens)
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (S. Vreman, M. Engelsma,, N. Beerens)
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken)
- Wageningen University and Research, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen, the Netherlands (M.C.M. de Jong)
| | - Fred Schenk
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M. Rijks, M.J.L. Kik, A. Gröne)
- Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M.F. Leopold, S. Kühn)
- Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, Numansdorp, the Netherlands (R. in ’t Veld)
- Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, Wilhelminadorp, the Netherlands (F. Schenk)
- Province of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A. Brenninkmeijer)
- Deltamilieu Projecten, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (S.J. Lilipaly, M.Z. Ballmann)
- Staatsbosbeheer Beheereenheid de Kop, Schoorl, the Netherlands (L. Kelder)
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands (J.W. de Jong)
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium (W. Courtens)
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (S. Vreman, M. Engelsma,, N. Beerens)
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken)
- Wageningen University and Research, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen, the Netherlands (M.C.M. de Jong)
| | - Allix Brenninkmeijer
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M. Rijks, M.J.L. Kik, A. Gröne)
- Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M.F. Leopold, S. Kühn)
- Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, Numansdorp, the Netherlands (R. in ’t Veld)
- Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, Wilhelminadorp, the Netherlands (F. Schenk)
- Province of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A. Brenninkmeijer)
- Deltamilieu Projecten, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (S.J. Lilipaly, M.Z. Ballmann)
- Staatsbosbeheer Beheereenheid de Kop, Schoorl, the Netherlands (L. Kelder)
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands (J.W. de Jong)
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium (W. Courtens)
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (S. Vreman, M. Engelsma,, N. Beerens)
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken)
- Wageningen University and Research, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen, the Netherlands (M.C.M. de Jong)
| | - Sander J. Lilipaly
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M. Rijks, M.J.L. Kik, A. Gröne)
- Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M.F. Leopold, S. Kühn)
- Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, Numansdorp, the Netherlands (R. in ’t Veld)
- Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, Wilhelminadorp, the Netherlands (F. Schenk)
- Province of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A. Brenninkmeijer)
- Deltamilieu Projecten, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (S.J. Lilipaly, M.Z. Ballmann)
- Staatsbosbeheer Beheereenheid de Kop, Schoorl, the Netherlands (L. Kelder)
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands (J.W. de Jong)
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium (W. Courtens)
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (S. Vreman, M. Engelsma,, N. Beerens)
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken)
- Wageningen University and Research, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen, the Netherlands (M.C.M. de Jong)
| | - Mónika Z. Ballmann
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M. Rijks, M.J.L. Kik, A. Gröne)
- Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M.F. Leopold, S. Kühn)
- Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, Numansdorp, the Netherlands (R. in ’t Veld)
- Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, Wilhelminadorp, the Netherlands (F. Schenk)
- Province of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A. Brenninkmeijer)
- Deltamilieu Projecten, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (S.J. Lilipaly, M.Z. Ballmann)
- Staatsbosbeheer Beheereenheid de Kop, Schoorl, the Netherlands (L. Kelder)
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands (J.W. de Jong)
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium (W. Courtens)
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (S. Vreman, M. Engelsma,, N. Beerens)
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken)
- Wageningen University and Research, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen, the Netherlands (M.C.M. de Jong)
| | - Leon Kelder
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M. Rijks, M.J.L. Kik, A. Gröne)
- Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M.F. Leopold, S. Kühn)
- Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, Numansdorp, the Netherlands (R. in ’t Veld)
- Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, Wilhelminadorp, the Netherlands (F. Schenk)
- Province of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A. Brenninkmeijer)
- Deltamilieu Projecten, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (S.J. Lilipaly, M.Z. Ballmann)
- Staatsbosbeheer Beheereenheid de Kop, Schoorl, the Netherlands (L. Kelder)
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands (J.W. de Jong)
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium (W. Courtens)
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (S. Vreman, M. Engelsma,, N. Beerens)
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken)
- Wageningen University and Research, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen, the Netherlands (M.C.M. de Jong)
| | - Job W. de Jong
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M. Rijks, M.J.L. Kik, A. Gröne)
- Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M.F. Leopold, S. Kühn)
- Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, Numansdorp, the Netherlands (R. in ’t Veld)
- Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, Wilhelminadorp, the Netherlands (F. Schenk)
- Province of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A. Brenninkmeijer)
- Deltamilieu Projecten, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (S.J. Lilipaly, M.Z. Ballmann)
- Staatsbosbeheer Beheereenheid de Kop, Schoorl, the Netherlands (L. Kelder)
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands (J.W. de Jong)
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium (W. Courtens)
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (S. Vreman, M. Engelsma,, N. Beerens)
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken)
- Wageningen University and Research, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen, the Netherlands (M.C.M. de Jong)
| | - Wouter Courtens
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M. Rijks, M.J.L. Kik, A. Gröne)
- Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M.F. Leopold, S. Kühn)
- Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, Numansdorp, the Netherlands (R. in ’t Veld)
- Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, Wilhelminadorp, the Netherlands (F. Schenk)
- Province of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A. Brenninkmeijer)
- Deltamilieu Projecten, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (S.J. Lilipaly, M.Z. Ballmann)
- Staatsbosbeheer Beheereenheid de Kop, Schoorl, the Netherlands (L. Kelder)
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands (J.W. de Jong)
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium (W. Courtens)
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (S. Vreman, M. Engelsma,, N. Beerens)
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken)
- Wageningen University and Research, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen, the Netherlands (M.C.M. de Jong)
| | - Roy Slaterus
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M. Rijks, M.J.L. Kik, A. Gröne)
- Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M.F. Leopold, S. Kühn)
- Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, Numansdorp, the Netherlands (R. in ’t Veld)
- Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, Wilhelminadorp, the Netherlands (F. Schenk)
- Province of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A. Brenninkmeijer)
- Deltamilieu Projecten, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (S.J. Lilipaly, M.Z. Ballmann)
- Staatsbosbeheer Beheereenheid de Kop, Schoorl, the Netherlands (L. Kelder)
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands (J.W. de Jong)
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium (W. Courtens)
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (S. Vreman, M. Engelsma,, N. Beerens)
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken)
- Wageningen University and Research, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen, the Netherlands (M.C.M. de Jong)
| | - Erik Kleyheeg
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M. Rijks, M.J.L. Kik, A. Gröne)
- Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M.F. Leopold, S. Kühn)
- Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, Numansdorp, the Netherlands (R. in ’t Veld)
- Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, Wilhelminadorp, the Netherlands (F. Schenk)
- Province of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A. Brenninkmeijer)
- Deltamilieu Projecten, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (S.J. Lilipaly, M.Z. Ballmann)
- Staatsbosbeheer Beheereenheid de Kop, Schoorl, the Netherlands (L. Kelder)
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands (J.W. de Jong)
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium (W. Courtens)
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (S. Vreman, M. Engelsma,, N. Beerens)
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken)
- Wageningen University and Research, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen, the Netherlands (M.C.M. de Jong)
| | - Sandra Vreman
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M. Rijks, M.J.L. Kik, A. Gröne)
- Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M.F. Leopold, S. Kühn)
- Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, Numansdorp, the Netherlands (R. in ’t Veld)
- Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, Wilhelminadorp, the Netherlands (F. Schenk)
- Province of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A. Brenninkmeijer)
- Deltamilieu Projecten, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (S.J. Lilipaly, M.Z. Ballmann)
- Staatsbosbeheer Beheereenheid de Kop, Schoorl, the Netherlands (L. Kelder)
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands (J.W. de Jong)
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium (W. Courtens)
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (S. Vreman, M. Engelsma,, N. Beerens)
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken)
- Wageningen University and Research, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen, the Netherlands (M.C.M. de Jong)
| | - Marja J.L. Kik
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M. Rijks, M.J.L. Kik, A. Gröne)
- Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M.F. Leopold, S. Kühn)
- Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, Numansdorp, the Netherlands (R. in ’t Veld)
- Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, Wilhelminadorp, the Netherlands (F. Schenk)
- Province of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A. Brenninkmeijer)
- Deltamilieu Projecten, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (S.J. Lilipaly, M.Z. Ballmann)
- Staatsbosbeheer Beheereenheid de Kop, Schoorl, the Netherlands (L. Kelder)
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands (J.W. de Jong)
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium (W. Courtens)
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (S. Vreman, M. Engelsma,, N. Beerens)
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken)
- Wageningen University and Research, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen, the Netherlands (M.C.M. de Jong)
| | - Andrea Gröne
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M. Rijks, M.J.L. Kik, A. Gröne)
- Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M.F. Leopold, S. Kühn)
- Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, Numansdorp, the Netherlands (R. in ’t Veld)
- Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, Wilhelminadorp, the Netherlands (F. Schenk)
- Province of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A. Brenninkmeijer)
- Deltamilieu Projecten, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (S.J. Lilipaly, M.Z. Ballmann)
- Staatsbosbeheer Beheereenheid de Kop, Schoorl, the Netherlands (L. Kelder)
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands (J.W. de Jong)
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium (W. Courtens)
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (S. Vreman, M. Engelsma,, N. Beerens)
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken)
- Wageningen University and Research, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen, the Netherlands (M.C.M. de Jong)
| | - Ron A.M. Fouchier
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M. Rijks, M.J.L. Kik, A. Gröne)
- Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M.F. Leopold, S. Kühn)
- Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, Numansdorp, the Netherlands (R. in ’t Veld)
- Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, Wilhelminadorp, the Netherlands (F. Schenk)
- Province of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A. Brenninkmeijer)
- Deltamilieu Projecten, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (S.J. Lilipaly, M.Z. Ballmann)
- Staatsbosbeheer Beheereenheid de Kop, Schoorl, the Netherlands (L. Kelder)
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands (J.W. de Jong)
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium (W. Courtens)
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (S. Vreman, M. Engelsma,, N. Beerens)
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken)
- Wageningen University and Research, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen, the Netherlands (M.C.M. de Jong)
| | - Marc Engelsma
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M. Rijks, M.J.L. Kik, A. Gröne)
- Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M.F. Leopold, S. Kühn)
- Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, Numansdorp, the Netherlands (R. in ’t Veld)
- Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, Wilhelminadorp, the Netherlands (F. Schenk)
- Province of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A. Brenninkmeijer)
- Deltamilieu Projecten, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (S.J. Lilipaly, M.Z. Ballmann)
- Staatsbosbeheer Beheereenheid de Kop, Schoorl, the Netherlands (L. Kelder)
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands (J.W. de Jong)
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium (W. Courtens)
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (S. Vreman, M. Engelsma,, N. Beerens)
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken)
- Wageningen University and Research, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen, the Netherlands (M.C.M. de Jong)
| | - Mart C.M. de Jong
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M. Rijks, M.J.L. Kik, A. Gröne)
- Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M.F. Leopold, S. Kühn)
- Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, Numansdorp, the Netherlands (R. in ’t Veld)
- Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, Wilhelminadorp, the Netherlands (F. Schenk)
- Province of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A. Brenninkmeijer)
- Deltamilieu Projecten, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (S.J. Lilipaly, M.Z. Ballmann)
- Staatsbosbeheer Beheereenheid de Kop, Schoorl, the Netherlands (L. Kelder)
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands (J.W. de Jong)
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium (W. Courtens)
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (S. Vreman, M. Engelsma,, N. Beerens)
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken)
- Wageningen University and Research, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen, the Netherlands (M.C.M. de Jong)
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M. Rijks, M.J.L. Kik, A. Gröne)
- Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M.F. Leopold, S. Kühn)
- Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, Numansdorp, the Netherlands (R. in ’t Veld)
- Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, Wilhelminadorp, the Netherlands (F. Schenk)
- Province of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A. Brenninkmeijer)
- Deltamilieu Projecten, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (S.J. Lilipaly, M.Z. Ballmann)
- Staatsbosbeheer Beheereenheid de Kop, Schoorl, the Netherlands (L. Kelder)
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands (J.W. de Jong)
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium (W. Courtens)
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (S. Vreman, M. Engelsma,, N. Beerens)
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken)
- Wageningen University and Research, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen, the Netherlands (M.C.M. de Jong)
| | - Nancy Beerens
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M. Rijks, M.J.L. Kik, A. Gröne)
- Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M.F. Leopold, S. Kühn)
- Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, Numansdorp, the Netherlands (R. in ’t Veld)
- Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, Wilhelminadorp, the Netherlands (F. Schenk)
- Province of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A. Brenninkmeijer)
- Deltamilieu Projecten, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (S.J. Lilipaly, M.Z. Ballmann)
- Staatsbosbeheer Beheereenheid de Kop, Schoorl, the Netherlands (L. Kelder)
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands (J.W. de Jong)
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium (W. Courtens)
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (S. Vreman, M. Engelsma,, N. Beerens)
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken)
- Wageningen University and Research, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen, the Netherlands (M.C.M. de Jong)
| |
Collapse
|