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M Yatim H, Wong YY, Neoh CF, Lim SH, Hassali MA, Hong YH. Factors influencing patients' hypertension self-management and sustainable self-care practices: a qualitative study. Public Health 2019; 173:5-8. [PMID: 31207425 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore factors influencing patients with hypertension to participating in a hypertension self-management education (HSME) programme and challenges of sustaining the learnt self-care practices. STUDY DESIGN This was a qualitative study with focus group discussions. METHODS Focus group discussions using a semistructured moderator guide were conducted among participants who had attended the HSME programme. Data were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic analysis approach. RESULTS Three focus groups involving 19 participants were conducted. Four major themes emerged from the data collected. Most participants enjoyed the group-based HSME sessions because sharing experiences with those having similar health problems can reduce their sense of isolation. However, the participants highlighted the difficulty in sustaining self-care practices in the presence of friends and family influences. CONCLUSION A number of patient-, family- and community-level motivators and barriers to patients' hypertension self-management have been identified. Efforts to tailor behavioural interventions to sustain daily self-care activities during social and cultural events are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Yatim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Y Y Wong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Penang Branch, Bertam Campus, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - C F Neoh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - S H Lim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Penang Branch, Bertam Campus, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - M A Hassali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Y H Hong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Nouri AI, Hassali MA, Hashmi FK. Contribution of pharmacy education to pharmaceutical research and development: critical insights from educators. Perspect Public Health 2019; 140:62-66. [PMID: 31165671 DOI: 10.1177/1757913919832927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This article examines the outputs of pharmaceutical education with the development of the pharmacy profession and how that affects pharmaceutical innovation. It also discusses different models of collaboration between the academic and pharmaceutical industry in order to achieve a healthy collaboration between the stakeholders. METHODS The perspective, experiences and insights of educators from various backgrounds, origin and educational levels were sought regarding the role of pharmacy education in providing pharmaceutical research and development workforce. RESULTS Many countries around the world are currently undertaking major reforms in pharmacy education due to the changing landscape of health and healthcare delivery. These reforms must be accompanied by robust systems to assure that the quality of educational structures, processes and outcomes will produce competent pharmacy graduates in the future. It is also considered imperative that pharmacy academic institutions should establish collaboration with the drug development units, the pharmaceutical industry and government agencies for sustainability and positive research outcomes. CONCLUSION Shortcomings in pharmacy curricula need to be addressed and the authors have proposed the 'TARGET' approach for the development of integrated pharmacy curriculum to substantially contribute to pharmaceutical research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Nouri
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - M A Hassali
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - F K Hashmi
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Balan S, Hassali MA, Mak VSL. Awareness, knowledge and views of off-label prescribing in children: a systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80:1269-80. [PMID: 26314841 PMCID: PMC4693483 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this review was to provide an updated overview of awareness, knowledge and views of off-label prescribing in children. METHOD A literature search using electronic databases including PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, Springer Link, Proquest, Ebsco Host and Google Scholar was conducted. Additional articles were identified by reviewing the bibliography of retrieved articles. The articles were searched with any of the following medical subject headings (MeSH) terms in the title: attitude, awareness, knowledge, experience, view, off-label, pediatric, paediatric and children. The inclusion criteria were full text articles published in English between January 2004 and February 2015 and reported outcome related to awareness, knowledge and views regarding off-label prescribing in children. Editorials, reviews, notes, conference proceedings, letters and studies reporting prevalence of off-label prescribing were excluded. The articles were scrutinized using thematic analysis. RESULTS Eleven studies conducted among doctors, community pharmacists, paediatric nurses, parents and children met the inclusion criteria. Nine themes were developed through document analysis which included main domains such as knowledge, awareness and views on off-label drug use in children, choice of information sources, reasons and suggestions to reduce off-label prescribing, concern regarding obtaining consent and participation in clinical trials. CONCLUSION The studies reviewed reported that the majority of doctors and community pharmacists were familiar with the term off-label prescribing but knowledge among parents was low. Awareness on off-label prescribing in children remains low among all study participants. There is a mismatch between views on off-label prescribing in children of study participants and the finding of previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Balan
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang
| | - M A Hassali
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang
| | - V S L Mak
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Aljumah K, Hassali MA. Impact of pharmacist intervention on adherence and measurable patient outcomes among depressed patients: a randomised controlled study. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:219. [PMID: 26376830 PMCID: PMC4574071 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to antidepressant treatment is essential for the effective management of patients with major depressive disorder. Adherence to medication is a dynamic decision-making process, and pharmacists play an important role in improving adherence to antidepressant treatment in different settings within the healthcare system. The aim of this study was to assess whether pharmacist interventions based on shared decision making improved adherence and patient-related outcomes. METHODS This was a randomised controlled study with a 6-month follow-up. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups: 1) intervention group (IG) (usual pharmacy services plus pharmacist interventions based on shared decision making); or 2) control group (CG) (usual pharmacy services). Recruited patients fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: aged 18 to 60 years diagnosed with a major depressive disorder, and no history of psychosis or bipolar disorders. A research assistant blinded to the group allocations collected all data. RESULTS Two hundred and thirty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria and were randomised to the IG (n = 119) or CG (n = 120). Nineteen patients dropped out of the study during the follow-up phase. After 6 months, patients in the IG had significantly more favorable medication adherence, treatment satisfaction, general overuse beliefs, and specific concern beliefs. However, the groups did not differ in severity of depression or health-related quality of life after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasise the important role of pharmacists in providing direct patient care in regular pharmacy practice to improve adherence to medications and other patient-reported outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN34879893, Date assigned: 30/12/2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Aljumah
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Amal Psychiatric Hospital, P.O. Box 33626, Riyadh, 11458 Saudi Arabia
| | - MA Hassali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Chan HK, Hassali MA, Lim CJ, Saleem F, Tan WL. Using pictograms to assist caregivers in liquid medication administration: a systematic review. J Clin Pharm Ther 2015; 40:266-72. [PMID: 25865563 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE It has been reported that more than 80% of out-of-hospital medication errors among the young children involve liquid formulations. The usefulness of pictorial aids to improve communication of medication instructions has not been extensively investigated for child health. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pictorial aids used to assist caregivers in the administration of liquid medications. METHODS MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, Scopus and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles published up to February 2015. Studies that used pictorial aids with liquid medications and measured at least one of the following outcomes were included: dosing accuracy, comprehension of medication instructions, recall of information and adherence of caregivers. Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed methodological quality of studies using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Five experimental studies (four hospital based and one community based) with a total of 962 participants were included. A wide range of liquid formulations were studied, including both prescription and over-the-counter medications. The existing findings suggest that pictographic interventions reduced dosing errors, enhanced comprehension and recall of medication instructions and improved adherence of caregivers. Incorporating pictorial aids into verbal medication counselling or text-based instructions was more beneficial than using the single approach alone. Mixed results were identified for the relationship between health literacy of caregivers and effectiveness of pictorial aids. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION The evidence remains limited due to the small number of studies found and variations in methodological quality. This review suggests that pictorial aids might be potential interventions, but more high-quality studies are needed to support the routine use of any pictogram-based materials with liquid medications in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Kedah, Malaysia
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Azhar S, Hassali MA, Igbal A, Jabeen N, Latif A, Ullah N, Khan SA, Akhtar Y, Murtaza G. A Qualitative Analysis of the Perception of Academic Pharmacists Regarding their Role in Healthcare System of Two Pakistani Cities. TROP J PHARM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v14i2.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Azhar S, Hassali MA, Igbal A, Akram MR, Attique-Ur-Rehman M, Karim S, Tariq I, Asad MHHB, Tarjik I, Murtaza G. Qualitative Assessment of the Pharmacist’s Role in Punjab, Pakistan: Medical Practitioners’ Views. TROP J PHARM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v14i2.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Haq N, Hassali MA, Shafie AA, Saleem F, Farooqui M, Iqbal Q. Effect of Health Education Program on Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Health Related Quality of Life in Hepatitis-B Patients. Value Health 2014; 17:A807. [PMID: 27203043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Haq
- University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | | | - A A Shafie
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - F Saleem
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - M Farooqui
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Q Iqbal
- University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
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Dujaili JA, Syed SSA, Hassali MA, Blebil AQ, Awaisu A, Bredle JM. Comparability of Interview and Self-Administration of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Tuberculosis (Facit-Tb) Instrument in Iraqi Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients. Value Health 2014; 17:A573. [PMID: 27201920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Rayes IK, Hassali MA, Abduelkarem AR. A Pilot Study Assessing the Barriers to Pharmacy Practice in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. TROP J PHARM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v13i9.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Azhar S, Hassali MA, Taha A, Khan SA, Murtaza G, Hussain I. Evaluation of the Perception of Community Pharmacists Regarding their Role in Pakistan's Healthcare System: A Qualitative Approach. TROP J PHARM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v12i4.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Khan AH, Sulaiman SAS, Muttalif AR, Hassali MA, Akram H, Gillani SW, Gillani SW. Pleural Tuberculosis and its Treatment Outcomes. TROP J PHARM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v12i4.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Blebil AQ, Sulaiman SAS, Hassali MA, Dujaili JA, Subramaniam K, Aziz NA. Evaluation of Smoking Status among Diabetes Patients in the State of Penang, Malaysia. TROP J PHARM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v12i3.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Shafie AA, Hassali MA. Willingness to pay for voluntary community-based health insurance: findings from an exploratory study in the state of Penang, Malaysia. Soc Sci Med 2013; 96:272-6. [PMID: 23528670 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Health care in Malaysia is funded primarily through taxation and is no longer sustainable. One funding option is voluntary community-based health insurance (VCHI), which provides insurance coverage for those who are unable to benefit immediately from either a social or private health insurance plan. This study is performed to assess the willingness of Malaysians to participate in a VCHI plan. A cross-sectional study was performed in the state of Penang between August and mid-September 2009 with 472 randomly selected respondents. The respondents were first asked to select their preferred health financing plan from three plans (out-of-pocket payment, compulsory social health insurance and VCHI). The extent of the household's willingness to pay for the described VCHI plan was later assessed using the contingent valuation method in an ex-ante bidding game approach until the maximum amount they would be willing to pay to obtain such a service was agreed upon. Fifty-four per cent of the participants were female, with a mean age of 34 years (SD = 11.9), the majority of whom had a monthly income of Int$1157-2312. The results indicated that more than 63.1% of the respondents were willing to join and contribute an average of Int$114.38 per month per household towards VCHI. This amount was influenced by ethnicity, educational level, household monthly income, the presence of chronic disease and the presence of private insurance coverage (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our study findings suggest that most Malaysians are willing to join the proposed VCHI and to pay an average of Int$114.38 per month per household for the plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Shafie
- Discipline of Social & Administrative Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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Abdulameer SA, Syed Sulaiman SA, Hassali MA, Subramaniam K, Sahib MN. Psychometric properties and osteoprotective behaviors among type 2 diabetic patients: osteoporosis self-efficacy scale Malay version (OSES-M). Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:929-40. [PMID: 22790611 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-2071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM), only 22 % have normal bone mineral density and almost three quarters of the sample population had low self-efficacy towards osteoporosis. These results reflect the need for screening and educational programs to increase the awareness of T2DM towards osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION Our aim was to translate and examine the psychometric properties of the Malay version of the osteoporosis self-efficacy scale (OSES-M) among T2DM and to determine the best cut-off value with optimum sensitivity and specificity. In addition, to assess factors that affects diabetic patients' osteoporosis self-efficacy. METHODS A standard "forward-backward" procedure was used to translate the OSES into Malay language, which was then validated with a convenience sample of 250 T2DM. The sensitivity and specificity of the OSES-M was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Bivariate and multivariate approaches were used to examine multiple independent variables on each dependent variable. RESULTS The mean score of OSES-M was 731.74 ± 197.15. Fleiss' kappa, content validity ratio range, and content validity index were 0.99, 0.75-1, and 0.96, respectively. Two factors were extracted from exploratory factor analysis and were confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were 0.92 and 0.86, respectively. The optimum cut-off point of OSES-M to predict osteoporosis/osteopenia was 858. Regression analysis revealed that knowledge, health belief, and some demographic data had an impact on OSES-M. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the OSES-M is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring osteoporosis self-efficacy in the Malaysian clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Abdulameer
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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Atif M, Sulaiman SAS, Shafie AA, Muttalif AR, Hassali MA, Saleem F. Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in Co-Morbid Tuberculosis Relapse Patient: A Case Report from Malaysia. TROP J PHARM RES 2012. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v11i4.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Saleem F, Hassali MA, Shafie AA, Bashir S, Atif M. Perceptions of Disease State Management Among Pakistani Hypertensive Patients: Findings from a Focus Group Discussion. TROP J PHARM RES 2011. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v10i6.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Lee ML, Hassali MA, Shafie AA, Abd Aziz AM. Challenges of Pharmacist-Managed Smoking Cessation Services--A Viewpoint. Nicotine Tob Res 2011; 13:504-505. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Azhar S, Hassali MA, Ibrahim MMI. Perceptions of Hospital Pharmacist’s Role in Pakistan’s Healthcare System: A Cross-Sectional Survey. TROP J PHARM RES 2011. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v10i1.66535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Saleem F, Hassali MA, Shafie AA, Awad AG, Bashir S. Association between Knowledge and Drug Adherence in Patients with Hypertension in Quetta, Pakistan. TROP J PHARM RES 2011. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v10i2.66552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Khan TM, Hassali MA, Tahir H, Khan A. A Pilot Study Evaluating the Stigma and Public Perception about the Causes of Depression and Schizophrenia. Iran J Public Health 2011; 40:50-6. [PMID: 23113054 PMCID: PMC3481715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate public perceptions towards the causes of depression and schizophrenia and identifications of factors resulting stigma towards mental ill. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted among the inhabitants of Pulau-Pinang, Malaysia in March, 2009. A 24-item questionnaire was used to obtain respondent views. A non-probability (i.e convenient sampling method) was used to approach the potential respondents. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 13 ®, non-parametric statistics (Chi-square) was applied to determine the association. Alpha value less than 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS One hundred respondents showed their willingness to participate in the study; overall response of the study was 40.0%. Majority 69% of the respondents were Malays, followed by Chinese and Indians. Public recognition toward depression was higher than schizophrenia. Lack of social support (X(2)= 4.832, P= 0.049), chemical imbalance in Brian (X(2)=6.132, P= 0.013*) and believes in supernatural factors (X(2)= 6.700, P= 0.050) were the commonly shared reasons for the mental disorders. Evaluation in terms of stigma revealed that majority 61 (55.0%). Individuals with mental disorders were not friendly (X(2)= 1.008, P= 0.050). Furthermore, one third of the population believe that they are moody, dangerous and unpredictable, it is better to avoid them. CONCLUSION Overall findings revealed that Malaysians believe in supernatural reasons for the prevalence of mental disorders. Similarly the level of stigma towards mentally ill was higher among the respondents.
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Affiliation(s)
- TM Khan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Pulau Penang, Malaysia, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Al-Afoof, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - MA Hassali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | - H Tahir
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Khan
- Dept. of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
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Al-Qazaz HK, Hassali MA, Shafie AA, Sulaiman SAS, Sundram S. The 14-item Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test: translation and validation study of the Malaysian version. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Liau SY, Mohamed Izham MI, Hassali MA, Shafie AA. A literature review of the cardiovascular risk-assessment tools: applicability among Asian population. Heart Asia 2010; 2:15-8. [PMID: 27325935 DOI: 10.1136/ha.2009.001115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases, the main causes of hospitalisations and death globally, have put an enormous economic burden on the healthcare system. Several risk factors are associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular events. At the heart of efficient prevention of cardiovascular disease is the concept of risk assessment. This paper aims to review the available cardiovascular risk-assessment tools and its applicability in predicting cardiovascular risk among Asian populations. METHODS A systematic search was performed using keywords as MeSH and Boolean terms. RESULTS A total of 25 risk-assessment tools were identified. Of these, only two risk-assessment tools (8%) were derived from an Asian population. These risk-assessment tools differ in various ways, including characteristics of the derivation sample, type of study, time frame of follow-up, end points, statistical analysis and risk factors included. CONCLUSIONS Very few cardiovascular risk-assessment tools were developed in Asian populations. In order to accurately predict the cardiovascular risk of our population, there is a need to develop a risk-assessment tool based on local epidemiological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siow Yen Liau
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - M I Mohamed Izham
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - M A Hassali
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - A A Shafie
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
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