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González-Ortega I, González-Pinto A, Alberich S, Echeburúa E, Bernardo M, Cabrera B, Amoretti S, Lobo A, Arango C, Corripio I, Vieta E, de la Serna E, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Segarra R, López-Ilundain JM, Sánchez-Torres AM, Cuesta MJ, Zorrilla I, López P, Bioque M, Mezquida G, Barcones F, De-la-Cámara C, Parellada M, Espliego A, Alonso-Solís A, Grasa EM, Varo C, Montejo L, Castro-Fornieles J, Baeza I, Dompablo M, Torio I, Zabala A, Eguiluz JI, Moreno-Izco L, Sanjuan J, Guirado R, Cáceres I, Garnier P, Contreras F, Bobes J, Al-Halabí S, Usall J, Butjosa A, Sarró S, Landin-Romero R, Ibáñez A, Selva G. Influence of social cognition as a mediator between cognitive reserve and psychosocial functioning in patients with first episode psychosis. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2702-2710. [PMID: 31637990 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social cognition has been associated with functional outcome in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP). Social cognition has also been associated with neurocognition and cognitive reserve. Although cognitive reserve, neurocognitive functioning, social cognition, and functional outcome are related, the direction of their associations is not clear. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyze the influence of social cognition as a mediator between cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning in FEP both at baseline and at 2 years. METHODS The sample of the study was composed of 282 FEP patients followed up for 2 years. To analyze whether social cognition mediates the influence of cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning, a path analysis was performed. The statistical significance of any mediation effects was evaluated by bootstrap analysis. RESULTS At baseline, as neither cognitive reserve nor the cognitive domains studied were related to functioning, the conditions for mediation were not satisfied. Nevertheless, at 2 years of follow-up, social cognition acted as a mediator between cognitive reserve and functioning. Likewise, social cognition was a mediator between verbal memory and functional outcome. The results of the bootstrap analysis confirmed these significant mediations (95% bootstrapped CI (-10.215 to -0.337) and (-4.731 to -0.605) respectively). CONCLUSIONS Cognitive reserve and neurocognition are related to functioning, and social cognition mediates in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- I González-Ortega
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain
- The National Distance Education University (UNED), Vitoria, Spain
| | - A González-Pinto
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - S Alberich
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain
- The National Distance Education University (UNED), Vitoria, Spain
| | - E Echeburúa
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M Bernardo
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Cabrera
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Amoretti
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Lobo
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Zaragoza, Aragon Institute for Health Sciences (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C Arango
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Corripio
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Vieta
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E de la Serna
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Hospital Research Institute (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Segarra
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - J M López-Ilundain
- Department of Psychiatry, Navarre Hospital Complex, IdiSNA, Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A M Sánchez-Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, Navarre Hospital Complex, IdiSNA, Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M J Cuesta
- Department of Psychiatry, Navarre Hospital Complex, IdiSNA, Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Zorrilla
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - P López
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - M Bioque
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Mezquida
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Barcones
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Zaragoza, Aragon Institute for Health Sciences (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C De-la-Cámara
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Zaragoza, Aragon Institute for Health Sciences (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Parellada
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Espliego
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Alonso-Solís
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E M Grasa
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Varo
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Montejo
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Castro-Fornieles
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Baeza
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Dompablo
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Hospital Research Institute (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - I Torio
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Hospital Research Institute (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Zabala
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - J I Eguiluz
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - L Moreno-Izco
- Department of Psychiatry, Navarre Hospital Complex, IdiSNA, Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Sanjuan
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Hospital Clinico Universitario of Valencia, Spain
| | - R Guirado
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Cáceres
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Garnier
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Contreras
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Bobes
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Department, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - S Al-Halabí
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Department, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Usall
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Research Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Butjosa
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Research Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Sarró
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- FIDMAG Hermanas Hospitalarias Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Landin-Romero
- FIDMAG Hermanas Hospitalarias Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Ibáñez
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRyCIS), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Selva
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
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Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Santos JL, Dompablo M, Santabárbara J, Aparicio AI, Olmos R, Jiménez-López E, Sánchez-Morla E, Lobo A, Palomo T, Kern RS, Green MF, Nuechterlein KH, García-Fernández L. MCCB cognitive profile in Spanish first episode schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Res 2019; 211:88-92. [PMID: 31345706 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to examine the cognitive profile of Spanish patients with a first episode of schizophrenia (FESz) and to compare that to the profile of patients with a chronic schizophrenia (CSz) and non-psychiatric (NP) control subjects. The study included 106 FESz, 293 CSz, and 210 NP, assessed with the Spanish version of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). The MCCB cognitive profile in a Spanish sample of FESz was similar to the cognitive profile of CSz with some discrepancies in select domains. The scores of both patient samples were about 1-2 SD below the scores of non-psychiatric control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - J L Santos
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca, Spain
| | - M Dompablo
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain
| | - J Santabárbara
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A I Aparicio
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca, Spain
| | - R Olmos
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain; Department Social Psychology and Methodology, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Jiménez-López
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - E Sánchez-Morla
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Lobo
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Spain
| | - T Palomo
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - R S Kern
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA
| | - M F Green
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA
| | - K H Nuechterlein
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - L García-Fernández
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital San Juan, Alicante, Spain
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Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Dompablo M, Bagney A, Santabárbara J, Aparicio AI, Torio I, Moreno-Ortega M, Lopez-Anton R, Lobo A, Kern RS, Green MF, Jimenez-Arriero MA, Santos JL, Nuechterlein KH, Palomo T. The MCCB impairment profile in a Spanish sample of patients with schizophrenia: Effects of diagnosis, age, and gender on cognitive functioning. Schizophr Res 2015; 169:116-120. [PMID: 26416441 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was administered to 293 schizophrenia outpatients and 210 community residents in Spain. Our first objective was to identify the age- and gender-corrected MCCB cognitive profile of patients with schizophrenia. The profile of schizophrenia patients showed deficits when compared to controls across the seven MCCB domains. Reasoning and Problem Solving and Social Cognition were the least impaired, while Visual Learning and Verbal Learning showed the greatest deficits. Our second objective was to study the effects on cognitive functioning of age and gender, in addition to diagnosis. Diagnosis was found to have the greatest effect on cognition (Cohen's d>0.8 for all MCCB domains); age and gender also had effects on cognitive functioning, although to a lesser degree (with age usually having slightly larger effects than gender). The effects of age were apparent in all domains (with better performance in younger subjects), except for Social Cognition. Gender had effects on Attention/Vigilance, Working Memory, Reasoning and Problem Solving (better performance in males), and Social Cognition (better performance in females). No interaction effects were found between diagnosis and age, or between diagnosis and gender. This lack of interactions suggests that age and gender effects are not different in patients and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry,Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Dompablo
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - A Bagney
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - J Santabárbara
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Zaragoza,Spain
| | - A I Aparicio
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca,Spain
| | - I Torio
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Moreno-Ortega
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - R Lopez-Anton
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychology and Sociology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Lobo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Spain
| | - R S Kern
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA
| | - M F Green
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA
| | - M A Jimenez-Arriero
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry,Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Santos
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca,Spain
| | - K H Nuechterlein
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - T Palomo
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry,Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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