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Isolation and characterisation of lignin using natural deep eutectic solvents pretreated kenaf fibre biomass. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8672. [PMID: 38622317 PMCID: PMC11018866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Extraction of lignin via green methods is a crucial step in promoting the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomasses. In the present study, utilisation of natural deep eutectic solvent for the pretreatment of kenaf fibres biomass is performed. Furthermore, extracted lignin from natural deep eutectic solvent pretreated kenaf biomass was carried out and its comparative study with commercial lignin was studied. The extracted lignin was characterized and investigated through Infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. FTIR Spectra shows that all samples have almost same set of absorption bands with slight difference in frequencies. CHNS analysis of natural deep eutectic solvent pretreated kenaf fibre showed a slight increase in carbon % from 42.36 to 43.17% and an increase in nitrogen % from - 0.0939 to - 0.1377%. Morphological analysis of commercial lignin shows irregular/uneven surfaces whereas natural deep eutectic solvent extracted lignin shows smooth and wavy surface. EDX analysis indicated noticeable peaks for oxygen and carbon elements which are present in lignocellulosic biomass. Thermal properties showed that lignin is constant at higher temperatures due to more branching and production of extremely condensed aromatic structures. In UV-VIS spectroscopy, commercial lignin shows slightly broad peak between 300 and 400 nm due to presence of carbonyl bond whereas, natural deep eutectic solvent extracted lignin does not show up any peak in this range. XRD results showed that the crystallinity index percentage for kenaf and natural deep eutectic solvent treated kenaf was 70.33 and 69.5% respectively. Therefore, these innovative solvents will undoubtedly have significant impact on the development of clean, green, and sustainable products for biocatalysts, extraction, electrochemistry, adsorption applications.
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2
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Fabrication and characterization of polylactic acid/natural fiber extruded composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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3
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Development of encapsulated sage extract powder: Inter-comparison with commercially available powder for physical properties and metabolites composition. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Antimicrobial Potential of Plastic Films Incorporated with Sage Extract on Chicken Meat. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112812. [PMID: 34829093 PMCID: PMC8617763 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of packaging is crucial in the maintenance of fresh meat product quality. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of six films added with coatings 2379L/220 and 2379L/221 (containing sage extracts) to inhibit Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, which showed that two of the six films had a significant effect. Additionally, the effects of the films on refrigerated skinless chicken breast meat were evaluated based on microbiological content, colour, weight loss, texture and pH. Four of the six films were examined could extend the storability of refrigerated chicken breast fillets for up to seven days. All six treated films improved the pH, colour stability, weight loss, and texture of the chicken fillets. Therefore, these findings suggested that the coatings containing sage extracts having different viscosities (2379L/220 and 2379L/221) were effective as antimicrobial adhesives in food packaging films and can be commercially applied in prolonging the storage of chicken breast meat without affecting their quality.
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Effect of cellulose nano fibers and nano clays on the mechanical, morphological, thermal and dynamic mechanical performance of kenaf/epoxy composites. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 239:116248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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6
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Properties and characteristics of nanocrystalline cellulose isolated from olive fiber. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 241:116423. [PMID: 32507177 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Olive fiber is a sustainable material as well as alternative biomass for extraction of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), which has been widely applied in various industries. In the present study, ONC-I, ONC-II, and ONC-III were extracted from olive stem fiber at different hydrolysis reaction times of 30 min, 45 min, and 60 min, respectively. The nanoparticle size was found gradually reducing from ONC-I (11.35 nm width, 168.28 nm length) to ONC-III (6.92 nm width, 124.16 nm length) due to the disintegration of cellulose fibrils. ONC-II and ONC-III possessed highly pure cellulose compartments and enhanced crystals structure. This study also showed that rigidity increased from ONC-I to ONC-II. ONC-III showed the highest crystallinity of 83.1 %, endowing it as a potentially reliable load-bearing agent. Moreover, ONC-III exhibited highest stable heat resistance among the chemically-isolated nanocellulose. We concluded that olive NCC could be promising materials for a variety of industrial applications in various fields.
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Alkali treated coir/pineapple leaf fibres reinforced PLA hybrid composites: Evaluation of mechanical, morphological, thermal and physical properties. EXPRESS POLYM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2020.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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8
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Effect of nanoclay content on the thermal, mechanical and shape memory properties of epoxy nanocomposites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-03049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Water absorption and water solubility properties of sago starch biopolymer composite films filled with sugar palm particles. POLIMERY-W 2019. [DOI: 10.14314/polimery.2019.9.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Effect of sago starch and plasticizer content on the properties of thermoplastic films: mechanical testing and cyclic soaking-drying. POLIMERY-W 2019. [DOI: 10.14314/polimery.2019.6.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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List of contributors. MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL TESTING OF BIOCOMPOSITES, FIBRE-REINFORCED COMPOSITES AND HYBRID COMPOSITES 2019:xiii-xvii. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-102292-4.01002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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12
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Influence of treatments on the dielectric properties of sugar palm fiber reinforced phenolic composites. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Preparation and characterization of nanocomposite films from oil palm pulp nanocellulose/poly (Vinyl alcohol) by casting method. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 191:103-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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The AirCirc: design and development of a thermal management prototype device for below-knee prosthesis leg socket. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2018; 14:513-520. [PMID: 29933703 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2018.1479782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a newly developed prosthetic leg socket design for a below-knee amputation. Excessive heat and the resulted perspiration within a prosthetic socket were the most common causes for reporting a reduced quality of life for prosthetic users. The product namely AirCirc means air circulation and it has been designed by approach of medical device design process in providing the amputees to maintain the skin temperature inside the socket. This device has been designed to provide the amputees with comfort and ultimate breathable. In order to design the device, the small hole was made in prosthetic socket surface since it has a function as air circulation. Four types of proposed sockets namely P1, P2, P3 and P4 and one control socket were compared on a single patient to determine the best design of prosthetic socket. The result successfully reveals that by using holes can be maintain the temperature inside prosthetic socket. In addition to the eco-friendly material, the woven kenaf was used as material that provides good strength as compared to glass fibre and offer sustainable and biodegradable product yet provides unique and aesthetic surface as came from woven kenaf itself. The objective of this paper is to provide the airflow prosthetic socket design and optimize the use of natural fibre in prostheses field. Thus, with the use of the environmental friendly material, functionality device and heat removal capability make the device suitable for maintaining a comfortable and healthy environment for prosthesis. Implications of Rehabilitation Newly developed prosthetic leg socket design for a below-knee amputation Device has been designed to provide the amputees with comfort and ultimate breathable Woven kenaf was used as material that provides good strength as compared to glass fibre for sustainable and biodegradable product Results show that by using holes can be maintain the temperature inside prosthetic socket.
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15
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Physical properties of silane-treated sugar palm fiber reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/368/1/012047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Thermal properties of coir and pineapple leaf fibre reinforced polylactic acid hybrid composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/368/1/012019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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18
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Effect of Alkali treatments on physical and Mechanical strength of Pineapple leaf fibres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/290/1/012030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Formulation and characterization of in situ generated copper nanoparticles reinforced cellulose composite films for potential antimicrobial applications. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2017.1387488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Starch Cellulosic Bio-composites: A Sustainable and Multifunctional Material for Green Technology. CURR ANAL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411013666171010144111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibers reinforced epoxy composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:822-828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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23
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Editorial (Thematic Issue: Theme: Polymers And Polymer Composites). Curr Org Synth 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/157017941402170207194110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Mechanical, morphological and structural properties of cellulose nanofibers reinforced epoxy composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:190-200. [PMID: 28082223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.). The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. FTIR analysis confirms the introduction of CNFs into the epoxy matrix while no considerable change in the crystallinity and diffraction peaks of epoxy composites were observed by the XRD patterns. Additions of CNFs considerably enhance the mechanical properties of epoxy composites but a remarkable improvement is observed for 0.75% CNFs as compared to the rest epoxy nanocomposites. In addition, the electron micrographs revealed the perfect distribution and dispersion of CNFs in the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites, while the existence of voids and agglomerations were observed beyond 0.75% CNFs filler loadings. Overall results analysis clearly revealed that the 0.75% CNFs filler loading is best and effective with respect to rest to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of the epoxy composites.
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25
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Moisture Absorption and Thickness Swelling Behaviour of Sugar Palm Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Preparation and properties of cellulose nanocomposite films with in situ generated copper nanoparticles using Terminalia catappa leaf extract. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 95:1064-1071. [PMID: 27984140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were in situ generated inside cellulose matrix using Terminalia catappa leaf extract as a reducing agent. During this process, some CuNPs were also formed outside the matrix. The CuNPs formed outside the matrix were observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Majority of the CuNPs formed outside the matrix were in the size range of 21-30nm. The cellulose/CuNP composite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic, X-Ray diffraction and thermogravimetric techniques. The crystallinity of the cellulose/CuNP composite films was found to be lower than that of the matrix indicating rearrangement of cellulose molecules by in situ generated CuNPs. Further, the expanded diffractogram of the composite films indicated the presence of a mixture of Cu, CuO and Cu2O nanoparticles. The thermal stability of the composites was found to be lower than that of the composites upto 350°C beyond which a reverse trend was observed. This was attributed to the catalytic behaviour of CuNPs for early degradation of the composites. The composite films possessed sufficient tensile strength which can replace polymer packaging films like polyethylene. Further, the cellulose/CuNP composite films exhibited good antibacterial activity against E.coli bacteria.
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27
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A review on potential development of flame retardant kenaf fibers reinforced polymer composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Development and characterization of sugar palm starch and poly(lactic acid) bilayer films. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 146:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Recent Advances in Nanoclay/Natural Fibers Hybrid Composites. NANOCLAY REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-0950-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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A review on flammability of epoxy polymer, cellulosic and non-cellulosic fiber reinforced epoxy composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Effect of plasticizer type and concentration on physical properties of biodegradable films based on sugar palm (arenga pinnata) starch for food packaging. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 53:326-36. [PMID: 26787952 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, sugar palm starch (SPS) films were developed using glycerol (G), sorbitol (S) or their combination (GS) as plasticizers at the ratio of 15, 30 and 45 (wt)% using casting technique. The addition of plasticizers to SPS film-forming solutions helped to overcome the brittle and fragile nature of unplasticized SPS films. Increased plasticizer concentration resulted to an increase in film thickness, moisture content and solubility. On the contrary, density and water absorption of plasticized films decreased with increasing plasticizer concentration. Raising the plasticizer content from 15 to 45 % showed less effect on the moisture content and water absorption of S-plasticized films. Films containing glycerol and glycerol-sorbitol plasticizer (G, and GS) demonstrated higher moisture content, solubility and water absorption capacity compared to S-plasticized films. The results obtained in this study showed that plasticizer type and concentration significantly improves film properties and enhances their suitability for food packaging applications.
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Effect of Plasticizer Type and Concentration on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Sugar Palm Starch–Based Films. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2015.1054107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Influence of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets on the flammability and thermal properties of polyethylene terephthalate/polypropylene nanocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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34
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Effect of Chemical Modifications of Fibers on Tensile Properties of Epoxy Hybrid Composites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2014.904081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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Influence of Natural and Accelerated Weathering on the Mechanical Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene Films. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2014.877212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Characterization and mechanical properties of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets reinforced polyethylene terephthalate/polypropylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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37
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Effect of Oil Palm and Jute Fiber Treatment on Mechanical Performance of Epoxy Hybrid Composites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2014.858429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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38
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Production and modification of nanofibrillated cellulose using various mechanical processes: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 99:649-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 836] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Effect of Fiber Treatment on Dimensional Stability and Chemical Resistance Properties of Hybrid Composites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2013.842332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Tensile, Electrical Conductivity, and Morphological Properties of Carbon Black–Filled Epoxy Composites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2013.782841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Activated Carbon–Filled Epoxy Nanocomposites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2013.766553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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42
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Electrical and flammability properties of alumina trihydrate filled polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene monomer composites as insulators in cable applications. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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43
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Flame Retardancy and Kinetic Behavior of Ammonium Polyphosphate–Treated Unsaturated Polyester/Phenolic Interpenetrating Polymer Network. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2013.747719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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44
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Isolation and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose from oil palm biomass residue. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 93:628-34. [PMID: 23499105 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we successfully isolated microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber-total chlorine free (TCF) pulp using acid hydrolysis method. TCF pulp bleaching carried out using an oxygen-ozone-hydrogen peroxide bleaching sequence. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicates that acid hydrolysis does not affect the chemical structure of the cellulosic fragments. The morphology of the hydrolyzed MCC was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing a compact structure and a rough surface. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) image of the surface indicates the presence of spherical features. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the MCC produced is a cellulose-I polymorph, with 87% crystallinity. The MCC obtained from OPEFB-pulp is shown to have a good thermal stability. The potential for a range of applications such as green nano biocomposites reinforced with this form of MCC and pharmaceutical tableting material is discussed.
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Febrile neutropenia rates with adjuvant docetaxel and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in early breast cancer: discrepancy between published reports and community practice-an updated analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 19:332-4. [PMID: 23300360 DOI: 10.3747/co.19.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting for early breast cancer (EBC) has improved disease-free and overall survival, with benefits extended to elderly patients and to those with lymph-node-negative pathology. [...]
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Preoperative informed consent: is it truly informed? IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2012. [PMID: 23193502 PMCID: PMC3494211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-operative informed consent is an important aspect of surgery, yet there has been no formal training regarding it in Pakistan. This study was done to assess the preoperative informed consent practice. METHODS After taking informed permission, a questionnaire was filled in during an interview with 350 patients, who have undergone elective surgical procedures under routine practice conditions from July to October 2010. All the patients were asked a set of standard questions which related to the information they were provided before the operation as a part of standard informed consent practice. RESULTS Most i.e. 307 (87.7%) patients were informed about their condition but very few 12 (3.4%) were briefed regarding complications. Only 17 (4.9%) patients said they knew about the risks and complications of proposed anesthesia. One hundred thirty-eight (39.4%) patients said that they were allowed to ask questions while giving consent. Most of the time 196 (56%) consent was taken one day before surgery but in few 2 (0.6%) instances it was taken on the morning of surgery and on operation table in some cases 3 (0.9%) as reported by patients. The consent form was signed by the patients themselves in only 204 (58.3%) cases and by their relatives in the rest. About half the number of patients 171 (48.9%) interviewed were satisfied from the information they received as informed consent process. CONCLUSION This study highlights the poor quality of patient knowledge about surgical procedures and the inadequate information provided.
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Bullying of junior doctors in Pakistan: a cross-sectional survey. Singapore Med J 2010; 51:592-595. [PMID: 20730401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of workplace bullying among junior doctors in Pakistan, identify the types and sources of bullying behaviours and investigate the perceived barriers to making complaints against bullying. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of junior doctors using convenience sampling in three tertiary care hospitals in two provinces of Pakistan. Demographic details and information about the different types of bullying behaviours experienced by junior doctors in the 12 months preceding the study were collected using a previously validated list of 20 such behaviours. Respondents were also asked to indicate the sources of bullying, any complaints made and if not, the reasons behind it. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. RESULTS A total of 654 doctors participated in the study. 417 (63.8 percent) of them reported experiencing one or more type of bullying in the past 12 months. 436 (66.7 percent) doctors had witnessed the bullying of others. The most common source of bullying was consultants (51.6 percent). 306 (73.4 percent) respondents did not make a complaint against the bullying. CONCLUSION Bullying is faced by a fairly large proportion of junior doctors in Pakistan. The most frequent perpetrators of this bullying are consultants. Major changes are required at the national, organisational and individual levels in Pakistan to tackle the bullying problem and prevent its adverse consequences in an already vulnerable healthcare delivery system.
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Abstract
Pedestrian road traffic accidents (RTAs) are responsible for a substantial number of injuries and deaths in Karachi. To better understand the situations facing pedestrians we selected ten of Karachi's highest risk locations for pedestrian RTAs and observed 250 pedestrians for each of three activities--crossing the street, walking on the street, and walking on the sidewalk. We also observed the extent and effect of street and sidewalk encroachments. A total of 35% of the pedestrians crossing the street caused traffic to swerve to avoid them. Pedestrians crossing one lane at a time were 2.9 times more likely to cause the traffic to swerve than pedestrians who crossed the whole street at once (53 vs. 18%, RR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.9-4.3). Pedestrians crossing in a group were 1.8 times more likely to cause traffic to swerve compared to those crossing singly (49 vs. 28%, RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3-2.5, P = 0.001). A total of 36% ran while crossing and were 1.8 times more likely to cause traffic to swerve than those who walked (48 vs. 27%, RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3-2.5). An average of 77% of the sidewalk width was blocked by encroachments which forced pedestrians to step on the road resulting in vehicles swerving. An average 33% of the street width was blocked by illegally parked vehicles. Pedestrians in Karachi indulge in risky behaviors. Encroachments on streets and sidewalks compound the problem. Piloting efforts to modify pedestrian behavior and the environment they negotiate should be considered to reduce pedestrian deaths.
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Experience on the neutron activation of natural/enriched Re, Sm, and Ho nuclides in a reactor for the production of radiotherapeutic radionuclides. Biol Trace Elem Res 1999; 71-72:519-26. [PMID: 10676528 DOI: 10.1007/bf02784240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, much effort has been concentrated on the use of beta-emitting radionuclides for the treatment of various cancers. The reports suggested the application of 186Re and 153Sm as radiotherapeutic radionuclides for the treatment of palliative widespread skeletal metastases, whereas 166Ho was suggested as an agent for radiation synovectomy. Hence, a study on the production of 186Re, 153Sm, and 166Ho radionuclides was carried out by neutron activation of the appropriate target materials using a Pakistan Atomic Research Reactor (PARR-1) at a neutrons flux of 1 x 10(4) n/cm2 s. These radionuclides were then converted to appropriate radiopharmaceuticals for their use on animals and patients. The targets of natural Re (metal), natural Sm2O3, enriched Sm2O3 (99.06%), Sm(NO3)3 (solid), Sm(NO3)3 (liquid), and Ho2O3 were irradiated in the PARR-1. After irradiation, the purity of these radionuclides were checked by a multichannel analyzer, Canberra series 85 (MCA) coupled with HPGe detector and then measured in radioisotope calibrator Capintec ionization chamber model CRC-5RH. The effect of the irradiation time and amount of target material was investigated on the production yields of the radionuclides. The results showed an increase in the specific activity of Re with an increase in the irradiation time from 1 to 72 h, whereas a decrease in the specific activity was observed with increase in the amount of Re from 10 to 100 mg. Similar results were obtained for 153Sm and 166Ho radionuclides. The results further indicated that the specific activity of powder target was much less than the liquid targets for 153Sm. Their conversion to the appropriate radiotherapeutic radiopharmaceuticals were also carried out by investigating the experimental conditions and acceptable quality of 186Re-HEDP and 153Sm-EDTMP complexes were prepared. These complexes were then used on animals and patients which showed good performance.
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