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Tymczak M, Favi B, Beccaglia M, Pisu MC, Tarducci V, Franciosini MP, Marenzoni ML. Are Italian-Polish veterinarians and breeders prepared to control an outbreak of Brucella canis infection in dogs? Pol J Vet Sci 2022; 25:411-418. [PMID: 36155554 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brucella canis infection is one of the most important causes of infertility in dogs and is a zoonosis for which no effective treatment or vaccines exist. It is not a mandatory notifiable disease. Following an increase of cases in Europe and worldwide, an investigation was performed to evaluate how much Italian and Polish veterinarians and breeders know about canine brucellosis and understand their perceptions of this infection. For this reason, two questionnaires were prepared, in Italian and Polish. Eighteen Italian and Polish veterinarians, specialists in canine reproduction, responded to the first survey and 44.4% of them affirmed having diagnosed canine brucellosis at least once in their clinical practice, and different perceptions emerged regarding the infection in the two countries. The second survey was completed by 145 Italian and Polish breeders; the disease was completely unknown to 22.8% of them, whereas 2.1% had diagnosed infection by B. canis in their kennels. In conclusion, knowledge of B. canis infection differs between these countries, with extremes ranging from diagnosed cases to complete underestimation of the presence of the problem. However, based on international data and reporting of a recent large outbreak in Italy, awareness of this contagious infectious disease and its management must be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tymczak
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06124, Italy
| | - B Favi
- Servizio di Sanità Animale, ASL 1 Umbria, Perugia, 06126, Italy
| | - M Beccaglia
- Private practitioner, Ambulatorio Veterinario Beccaglia, Lissone, Monza-Brianza, 20851, Italy
| | - M C Pisu
- Private practitioner, Centro di Referenza Veterinario, Torino, 10138, Italy
| | - V Tarducci
- Private practitioner, Ambulatorio Veterinario Le Coccinelle, Mogliano, Macerata, 62010, Italy
| | - M P Franciosini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06124, Italy
| | - M L Marenzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06124, Italy
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Marenzoni ML, Conti MB, Rossi E, Rinoldo R, Franceschini R, Tesei E, Porciello F, Mancini S, Favi B, Gamboni M, Boni P, Raffaele O, Desario C, Franciosini MP, Buonavoglia C, Decaro N. Detection of environmental contamination with feline and canine parvoviruses: new perspectives and challenges. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 131:499-512. [PMID: 33325600 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop a protocol for environmental sampling to detect parvoviruses of dogs and cats in the environment. METHODS AND RESULTS Environmental contamination was carried out using different dilutions of parvovirus-contaminated materials; further field samplings were performed in areas in which clinical cases of parvovirus infections were present. Sterile cotton swabs and sponges for microbial surface sampling were used. Viruses were detected in these samples with different methods: conventional PCR, nested PCR and real-time PCR, detecting viral DNA; virus isolation, detecting infectious virus; and a commercial rapid enzyme immunoassay, detecting viral antigen. No substantial differences were observed in the two sampling methods, although the sponge was more convenient for sampling rough surfaces. Molecular assays were the most sensitive methods, identifying even very low amounts of viral DNA (up to 10 copies of viral DNA/10 µl of sample). Virus isolation and the rapid test detected the viruses only at the highest viral concentrations, both in the experimental setting and field conditions. CONCLUSIONS Environmental sampling and molecular protocols were effective in detecting environmental contamination with parvoviruses. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The protocol will be useful to identify possible sources of infection and to assess the efficacy of disinfection protocols in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Marenzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M B Conti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - E Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Rinoldo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Franceschini
- Department of Engineering of Sustainability, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - E Tesei
- Servizio Veterinario, Area Igiene degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Dipartimento di Prevenzione, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy
| | - F Porciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Mancini
- Servizio di Sanità Animale, ASL 1 Umbria, Perugia, Italy
| | - B Favi
- Servizio di Sanità Animale, ASL 1 Umbria, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Gamboni
- Private Practictioner, Central Italy, Perugia, Italy
| | - P Boni
- Private Practictioner, Central Italy, Perugia, Italy
| | - O Raffaele
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - M P Franciosini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - N Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
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Preziuso S, Marenzoni ML, Thiry J, Thiry E, Cuteri V. Molecular characterization and virulence of an alphaherpesvirus isolated from a BoHV1 gB-seropositive and gE-seronegative Italian buffalo. Vet Microbiol 2018; 221:27-32. [PMID: 29981704 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
During a serological survey, 157 out of 681 unvaccinated buffaloes resulted seropositive for bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV1) glycoprotein B (gB) and seronegative for BoHV1 glycoprotein E (gE). These serological results were generally expected in animals vaccinated with a BoHV1 gE-deleted vaccine but not in unvaccinated animals. Seroneutralization tests on 36 selected sera detected neutralizing antibody titers more than three times higher for BuHV1 than for BoHV1. In order to investigate the virus, one of these buffaloes was injected with dexamethasone, and from nasal and vaginal swabs collected at different time points, a ruminant herpesvirus was isolated, characterized and also detected by PCR. Restriction enzyme analysis, sequencing and phylogenic analysis of gB and gD genes showed that the virus was genetically similar but not identical to BuHV1 strain b6. Intranasal inoculation of the virus in a healthy seronegative buffalo resulted in a mild and transient upper respiratory disease; the virus was isolated from clinical specimens and DNA was detected by PCR in nasal and vaginal swabs up to 9 days after infection. Further investigations should be aimed at sequencing the whole viral genome and at evaluating the host-range of this virus. Specific tests are needed to discriminate infections by different ruminant herpesviruses and to improve eradication programs of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Preziuso
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - M L Marenzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - J Thiry
- Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal & Health Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - E Thiry
- Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal & Health Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - V Cuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy.
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Marenzoni ML, Morganti G, Moretta I, Crotti S, Agnetti F, Moretti A, Pitzurra L, Casagrande Proietti P, Sechi P, Cenci-Goga B, Franciosini MP. Microbiological and parasitological survey of zoonotic agents in apparently healthy feral pigeons. Pol J Vet Sci 2017; 19:309-15. [PMID: 27487504 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2016-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Microbiological and parasitological investigation was carried out on a colony of feral pigeons, located in a green area near the main hospital of a Central Italy city. One hundred pigeons were submitted to clinical examination. Cloacal swabs, grouped in pool of 4 samples, were analyzed to detect the presence of Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydophila spp. using a biomolecular procedure, while individual cloacal samples were examined for Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and yeasts by means of a specific culture media. An ELISA test was used to determine the presence of Giardia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. coproantigens. Individual serological samples were also tested with the modified agglutination test (MAT) in order to detect antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii. The pigeons did not show any clinical signs. The cloacal pools proved to be negative for C. burnetii DNA while three pools were positive for C. psittaci or Chlamydophila spp. DNAs. Salmonella spp. was not detected. C. jejuni and C. coli were found in 13% and 4% of the samples, respectively. No Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. were detected. Thirty-three out of 100 samples (33%) were positive for yeast colonies. The seroprevalence for T. gondii was 8%. Although with moderate incidence, potentially zoonotic agents were present thus highlighting the need for sanitary surveillance on feral pigeon colonies.
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Di Salvo A, Bufalari A, De Monte V, Cagnardi P, Marenzoni ML, Catanzaro A, Vigorito V, della Rocca G. Intra-articular administration of lidocaine in anaesthetized dogs: pharmacokinetic profile and safety on cardiovascular and nervous systems. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 38:350-6. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - A. Bufalari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - V. De Monte
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - P. Cagnardi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - M. L. Marenzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - A. Catanzaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - V. Vigorito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - G. della Rocca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
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Marenzoni ML, Lepri E, Proietti PC, Bietta A, Coletti M, Timoney PJ, Passamonti F. Causes of equine abortion, stillbirth and neonatal death in central Italy. Vet Rec 2012; 170:262. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Marenzoni
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria; Università di Perugia; via S. Costanzo 4 06126 Perugia Italy
| | - E. Lepri
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria; Università di Perugia; via S. Costanzo 4 06126 Perugia Italy
| | - P. Casagrande Proietti
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria; Università di Perugia; via S. Costanzo 4 06126 Perugia Italy
| | - A. Bietta
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria; Università di Perugia; via S. Costanzo 4 06126 Perugia Italy
| | - M. Coletti
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria; Università di Perugia; via S. Costanzo 4 06126 Perugia Italy
| | - P. J. Timoney
- Department of Veterinary Science; Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center; 1400 Nicholasville Road Lexington KY 40546-0099 USA
| | - F. Passamonti
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria; Università di Perugia; via S. Costanzo 4 06126 Perugia Italy
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Casagrande Proietti P, Bietta A, Coletti M, Marenzoni ML, Scorza AV, Passamonti F. Insertion sequence IS256 in canine pyoderma isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius associated with antibiotic resistance. Vet Microbiol 2011; 157:376-82. [PMID: 22261238 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the most frequent staphylococcal species isolated from canine pyoderma. The control of S. pseudintermedius infection is often difficult due to the expanded antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. Antibiotic resistance in staphylococcal pathogens is often associated to mobile genetic elements such as the insertion sequence IS256 that was first described as a part of the transposon Tn4001, which confers aminoglycoside resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and in Staphylococcus epidermidis. In this study a collection of 70 S. pseudintermedius isolates from canine pyoderma was used to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility to 15 antibiotics and the presence of IS256, not revealed in S. pseudintermedius yet. Antibiotic resistance profiling demonstrated that all S. pseudintermedius isolates had a multi-drug resistance phenotype, exhibiting simultaneous resistance to at least five antibiotics; indeed methicillin resistant S. pseudintermedius isolates were simultaneously resistant to at least nine antibiotics and all were also gentamicin resistant. PCR analyses revealed the presence of IS256 in 43/70 S. pseudintemedius isolates. The association between the presence of IS256 and the resistance was particularly significant for certain antibiotics: cefovecin, amikacin, gentamicin and oxacillin (χ(2)p-value<0.05). However, there was a striking result in frequency of strains resistant to gentamicin and oxacillin, suggesting a specific association between the presence of the IS256 element and the determinants for the resistance to these antibiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the detection of IS256 in S. pseudintermedius isolates and its association with antibiotic resistance. Our findings suggest that S. pseudintermedius may acquire antibiotic resistance genes through mobile genetic elements which may play a predominant role in the dissemination of multi-drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Casagrande Proietti
- Department of Biopathological Science and Hygiene of Food and Animal Production, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
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Veronesi F, Diaferia M, Mandara MT, Marenzoni ML, Cittadini F, Piergili Fioretti D. Neospora spp. infection associated with equine abortion and/or stillbirth rate. Vet Res Commun 2009; 32 Suppl 1:S223-6. [PMID: 18696243 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-008-9155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Veronesi
- Department of Biopathological Science and Hygiene of Food and Animal Production, Section of Parasitology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Marenzoni ML, Passamonti F, Cappelli K, Veronesi F, Capomaccio S, Supplizi AV, Valente C, Autorino G, Coletti M. Clinical, serological and molecular investigations of EHV-1 and EHV-4 in 15 unweaned thoroughbred foals. Vet Rec 2008; 162:337-41. [PMID: 18344498 DOI: 10.1136/vr.162.11.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen unweaned thoroughbred foals, born on a stud farm to vaccinated mares, were clinically monitored during their first six months of life and repeatedly tested for equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and equine herpesvirus type 4 (EHV-4). Nasopharyngeal swabs and blood samples were collected and screened respectively by PCR and seroneutralisation to detect the presence of the virus, explore its role as a possible cause of respiratory disease, and to assess the efficiency of the pcr for the diagnosis of this disease. The foals were divided into three groups on the basis of their clinical signs and whether they had seroconverted to EHV-1 and/or EHV-4: first, foals with no clinical signs of disease that had not seroconverted; secondly, foals with clinical signs that had seroconverted, and thirdly, foals with clinical signs that had not seroconverted. The results indicated that the viruses circulated on the stud farm despite stringent vaccination regimens against them, and confirmed their association with respiratory disease. The absence of significantly different pcr results among the three groups of foals showed that the pcr was effective in confirming the circulation of the viruses on the premises without being particularly helpful as a diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Marenzoni
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Attili AR, Kennerman E, Takai S, Or ME, Marenzoni ML, Torun S, Pieramati C, Kayar A, Golcu E, Parkan C, Yilmaz Z, Gonul R, Valente C, Cuteri V. Seroepidemiological survey of Rhodoccocus equi infection in asymptomatic horses from Bursa, Izmir and Istanbul provinces, Turkey. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 29:323-33. [PMID: 17034856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2006.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess the Rhodococcus equi infection in three provinces of Turkey (Bursa, Izmir and Istanbul), 696 sera from healthy foals and adult horses were tested by indirect ELISA using a R. equi reference strain (ATCC 6939) as antigen. 103 sera (14.80%) with titres >0.646 resulted positive. Seroprevalence was significantly higher (P=0.0053) in male than in female horses of Istanbul province, although higher antibody titres (mean value) were observed in the female group of Bursa and Izmir provinces with differences estimated between provinces (P=0.0002). Seroprevalence was correlated with age: foals aged less than 1 year (P<10(-4)) and horses from 5 to 10 years old (P=0.018) resulted more infected in Bursa and Izmir provinces. Our findings indicate that R. equi infection actually occurs in all investigated provinces, suggesting the importance of serological survey to diagnose the infection and to prevent the zoonotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Attili
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Camerino University, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, Matelica, Italy
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Cuteri V, Marenzoni ML, Mazzolla R, Tosti N, Merletti L, Arcioni S, Valente C. Staphylococcus aureus: study of genomic similarity of strains isolated in veterinary pathology using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 27:247-53. [PMID: 15177999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2003.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a widespread pathogen causing infections in different animal species. The extensive use of antibiotics, particularly methicillin, causes the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains (MRSA). In order to verify the epidemiology and genetic relatedness among MRSA and sensible strains (MSSA), an accurate fingerprinting technique, the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), was carried out. The isolates were cultured, subdivided on MRSA and MSSA and submitted for the genomic DNA extraction that was utilized for AFLP. The data were analysed for genetic similarity using the Dice coefficient. The results of genomic analysis among MRSA and MSSA and within them revealed that the major component of variation was due to variation within strains (82.12%), while variance among strains was lower (17.88%). The low level of genomic similarity found among S. aureus strains implies high level of genetic diversity. Different similarity was found as well in all strains independently of the source.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cuteri
- Dipartimento Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/9562024 Matelica (MC), Italy.
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Abstract
After isolating the two virulent strains of Rhodococcus equi from Alpaca, a serological survey of Rhodococcus equi infection was carried out on 57 blood samples of Alpaca collected in Central Italy. The survey was performed with an ELISA test using a reference R. equi strain as antigen (ATCC 33701). Four (7.0%) sera (OD greater or equal to 0.3) tested positive, while five (8.77%) were considered doubtful (OD between 0.2 and 0.3). This is the first serological survey of R. equi infection in Alpaca in Italy. The results indicate that besides the horse R. equi infection could also affect some ruminant species. The ELISA test was recently introduced as a reliable diagnostic method in horses and was adapted to alpaca.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cuteri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Universitd di Camerino, Matelica, MC, Italy
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