[Multiple heterogeneous cysts of the jaw. A clinical case]

A 23-year-old white man was referred to this Odontostomatologic Service for evaluation of palatal swelling lesion. Oral inspection showed a poor oral conditions and multiple caries. A panoramic radiograph revealed 3 mandibular and 4 maxillary radiolucent lesions. No major nor minor clinical and radiographic criteria of Gorlin's syndrome were present; furthermore clinical features and laboratory blood values, ruled out a possible association with Maroteaux-Lamy, Hunter, and Hurler' syndromes and hyperparathyroidism. The 7 radiolucent lesions were surgically enucleated and the histologic study revealed that these lesions consisted in: 1 keratocyst, 1 naso-palatine cyst, 4 radicular cysts and 1 fiber-connective tissue.

[Epidemiological statistical survey on caries prevalence in a school age population]

The Authors study the caries phenomenon by using DMF index in a scholastic population that belong to Ussl of Gazzada (VA). The research shows the alignment of data with previous experiences on our and other territories.

[Prevalence of caries in first permanent molars]

The Authors study the prevalence of the caries in the first permanent molar teeth by using DMF6 and consider the possibility of using such parameter instead of DMFT in order to reduce the time of observation in future researches.

[Amoxicillin associated with clavulanic acid. Clinical efficacy and tolerance]

The Authors, after having analysed the problems involving the choice of an antibiotical therapy in the odontostomatological field, present a study concerning the evaluation of the clinical efficacy and tolerability of Amoxycillin associated with clavulanic acid. This drug has been orally administered to 154 ambulatorial patients. The results thus obtained in this clinical sperimentation show that Stacillin is a good and efficacious antibiotic in odontostomatologic affections, and that it is also well tolerated. These characteristics make it a first choice antibiotic in the odontostomatologic sphere.

[Set-up: method review and implementation of a new protocol]

At present the set-up occupies an important role in orthodontic therapy and is a valid help both at diagnostic and therapeutic level. The intent of this work is to illustrate the set-up execution technique in its principal passages, giving some useful indications to realize the correct dental displacements. For this reason it's necessary to insert some contrivances, which allow to control dental displacements into the three space dimenions. In this way it's possible to obtain an exact and valid set-up which can be destinated to many employments in orthodontic therapy.

[Post-orthodontic retention: experimentation with a new technic]

Retention is a problem which has acquired a growing importance in orthodontic therapy. Some studies infact have proved that relapse cases may happen frequently at the end of an orthodontic treatment. To prevent these relapses it's necessary a suitable period of retention. In this work we took into consideration the problem of lower incisors crowding and we proposed a method of retention with the application of a fixed maintainer from cuspid to cuspid. This maintainer is applicated with some contrivances to reduce the risk of maintainer removal.

[Conventional and single-use burs. Cavity preparation comparison]

Our work's aim, was to value the wear of conventional and monouse burs, while preparing the cavity. Usually the conventional burs give better technical efficiency, but the monouse ones represent a notable progress both in technology and prevention.

[Autotransplantation of tooth germs]

During the routine orthodontic examination of a 8-year-4-month old female, it was found that the upper right canine and premolars were missing. The anamnesis revealed that their buds had been surgically removed after a trauma when she was 6 years old. The lower incisors were slightly crowded. Since the age of the patient would not permit a fixed prosthetic restoration in the next few years, it was decided to attempt an autogeneic transplant of the lower first premolars to replace the upper right canine and premolars too.

[Role of the lip-bumper in nonextraction orthodontic therapy: clinical-statistical study]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the morphologic and dimensional changes of lower arch that might occur in patients undergoing treatment with the lip-bumper. After a brief examination of the clinical applications of lip-bumper, we report the results of a research concerning 20 children in the mixed dentition period. The effect of this simple orthodontic appliance has been an expansion of the mandibular dental arch, with a real increase of arch length and transverse dimension. Therefore the lip-bumper can be used in non-extraction treatment of malocclusion, in order to obtain a space recovery in lower arch.

[Structural changes in the jaws. Differential diagnosis]

In this work the Authors have considered the causes of changes in the structure of maxillary bones. They have also discussed the available diagnostic means useful to make a correct diagnosis and the importance of a right differential diagnosis of the causes in order to have a better treatment.

[Lingual appliances: indirect application of lingual brackets. 2]

The bracket must be placed on the tooth in order to reach its tridimensional control, in accordance with all the other teeth. So you must consider these parameters: height, torque, rotation, inclination, tooth slot-vestibular surface distance. Besides brackets direct and indirect application, we describe in this work other alternative ways: the Diamond pliers, the parallelometer Ormco, the jig, and the CreeKmore slot machine.

[Cephalometric clinical evaluation of the efficiency of the bimetric Wilson arch]

In this work a clinical and cephalometric research has been made among 82 orthodontic cases treated by the method of the bimetric wire of Wilson. We have already had an objective cephalometric confirmation of the clinical results.

[Lingual appliances]

We have considered all the tongue brackets in trade, and we have analyzed their quality and their defects on the grounds of our clinic experience. Tongue brackets must have small gingival occlusion dimension and fine thickness, while its breath must be compatible with rotation control. Finally we can say that there are no really effective tongue brackets in trade.

[Results of radiotherapy of carcinomas of the retromolar trigone observed at the Varese Regional Hospital]

Retromolar Trigone Carcinomas (RTC) are generally diagnosed at an advanced stage in spite of their accessible location. From December 1979 to January 1987 we examined 23 patients with RTC at the Varese Regional Hospital--three women and 20 men, with an average age of 62.9 years. 21/23 patients were heavy cigarette smokers and consumed more than 1 l of alcohol per day. The patients were classified as 1 T1, 9 T2, 9 T3 and 4 T4 on the basis of TNM classification of malignant tumors. At the beginning of the treatment 12 patients had latero-cervical metastatic nodes. Fifteen patients underwent radiotherapy with 60Co with doses ranging from 60 to 70 Gy. The patients without evident metastatic cervical nodes were also irradiated with doses of at least 45 Gy as a precautionary measure. The percentage of cumulative survival of these patients amounts to 41.1% after 3 years, while for relapse-free patients pcs amounts to 40.7% after 3 years. In view of our results, we do not consider radiotherapy alone an effective treatment as a local cure for RTC. We intend to set up a new therapeutic protocol which incorporates surgery with radiotherapy and includes chemotherapy as necessary on the basis of T volume and of the presence of loco-regional metastatic nodes.

Disposition and metabolism of [14-14C] 4-demethoxydaunorubicin HCl (idarubicin) and [14-14C]daunorubicin HCl in the rat. A comparative study

The disposition of [14-14C]4-demethoxydaunorubicin HCl ([14-14C]idarubicin HCl, [14C]IDR) and of [14-14C]daunorubicin HCl ([14C]DNR) was studied in male Sprague Dawley rats. [14C]IDR was administered either IV at 0.25 mg/kg body weight or PO at 1 mg/kg body weight, whereas [14C]DNR was dosed IV at 1 mg/kg body weight. The main elimination route for both compounds was the bile, fecal excretion representing 0.75-0.8 times the total dose at 72 h. Radioactivity due to [14C]IDR-derived species is released by the tissues at a slower rate than activity derived from [14C]DNR. After IV treatment comparable plasma levels are obtained, but tissue radioactivity is markedly lower with [14C]IDR, in keeping with the lower dosage. The ratio of plasma to tissue radioactivity is even higher in animals treated PO with [14C]IDR, because of the more extensive metabolism after this route of administration. The 13-dihydro derivatives of both [14C]IDR and [14C]DNR are the main metabolites in tissues, but in the case of the former, products of phase II reactions become more important at later times in liver and kidney and in excreta.

Radioactive species in rat urines and tissues after [14C] AD 32 administration

[14-14C]N-Trifluoroacetyldoxorubicin-14-valerate [( 14C]AD 32) was synthesized and administered IV to male rats at 9.09 mg/kg. Urinary radioactivity excreted in the 0-24 h interval was only 2.3% of the dose, N-trifluoroacetyldoxorubicin (AD 41), 13-dihydro-N-trifluoroacetyldoxorubicin (AD 92), and doxorubicin being the major urinary metabolites identified. Doxorubicin and AD 32 were the main radioactive species extracted from tissues at 24 h after treatment. The amount of doxorubicin present in the analysed tissue samples is in agreement with the relatively low toxicity of AD 32 compared with doxorubicin.

Disposition of 14C-labelled 4'-epidoxorubicin and doxorubicin in the rat. A comparative study

The disposition of 4'-epi-[14-14C]doxorubicinHCl (4'-epi-[14C]DXR) and [14-14C]doxorubicinHCl [( 14C]DXR) was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats given 1 mg/kg body weight IV. Most of the radioactivity administered was recovered in the faeces (two-thirds of the dose within 6 days after administration), urine accounting for 15% of the 14C given during the same period. A significant amount of radioactivity was also found in expired air. Significantly higher levels of radioactivity were recorded in the plasma (40 min and 4 h) and liver (40 min) in [14C]DXR-treated animals, whereas in animals treated with 4'-epi-[14C]DXR a higher specific radioactivity was found in the kidneys (40 min and 4 h) and bone marrow (40 min). The total tissue residual radioactivity was greater (P less than 0.05) at 24 h for [14C]DXR (45.8%) than for 4'-epi-[14C]DXR (38.6%). The main radioactive species in urines were the unchanged drugs. Minor metabolites were represented by a polar fraction, 13-dihydroderivatives, and aglycones. Whereas aglycones represent an important fraction of extractable tissue radioactivity in liver samples of many of the treated animals, the unchanged drug was invariably the major radioactive component in spleen, lung, and kidney. Liver extraction studies showed the presence of significant amounts of bound radioactivity that could be recovered in soluble form only after incubation with deoxyribonuclease. The main radioactive species present in the bile were the unchanged drug and a polar fraction. The amount of the former was higher in [14C]DXR-treated than in 4'-epi-[14C]DXR-treated animals. On the other hand, partial glucuronidation of 4'-epi-[14C]DXR was deduced on the basis of results of enzymic hydrolysis of bile samples.