Application of indigenous inorganic sorbents in combination with membrane technology for treatment of radioactive liquid waste from decontamination processes

The purpose of the work was to improve the process for treatment of liquid radioactive waste containing complexing agents, which are generated during the decontamination operations.

We performed some experiments using simulated waste solutions like secondary waste from the modified CANDEREM process (Canadian Decontamination and Remediation Process) and secondary waste from the modified CANDECON process (Canadian Decontamination Process).

To improve efficiency and economics of the process it was proposed to treat the waste by combining the sorption of radionuclides on natural inorganic sorbents (zeolites) with membrane filtration.

Standard procedures are applied to compare the sorption of radionuclides on different sorbent forms-determination of the ion exchange capacity, construction of sorption isotherms, determination of the distribution coefficients, and kinetics experiments.

To check the influence of converting the sorbents to various cationic forms on their sorption properties, distribution coefficients of 137Cs and 57Co on natural zeolites from local deposits converted to NH4 +, Na+ or H+ forms were determined. The results obtained show that the distribution coefficients of 137Cs on the materials converted to Na+ form are higher than for the remaining forms studied [1].

The parameters of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption isotherms have been determined using sorption data. The Dubinin–Radushkevich model shows better correlation between the theoretical and experimental data for 137Cs sorption on natural zeolites from local deposits converted to NH4 + and H+ forms than Langmuir and Freundlich equations.

Kinetic studies were carried out with various zeolite forms. The sorbents studied are natural zeolites from local deposits (Marsid-Romania).

The batch sorption kinetics has been tested for pseudo-second order reaction. The pseudo-second order model fits the experimental data well for all of the systems studied.

[Synthesis of new mandelic acid derivatives with preservative action. Synthesis and acute toxicity study]

Starting from the antiseptic action of DL mandelic acid, there were synthesized a series of esters of the mandelic acid, esters which could have preservative action. This study present the synthesis, structure validation and the acute toxicity study, for the new synthesized compounds. The esters were obtained by acylating 4-hydroxybenzoic acid propyl, ethyl, methyl esters and salicylic acid with the DL mandelic chloride (that was protected initially by the hydroxylic group). The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by quantitative elemental analysis and RMN 1H spectral measurements. The acute toxicity was determined for two of the esters, who proved to had a preservative action (previously studied) and indicated that these esters have a small toxicity.

Histological aspects of the pulmonary territory as seen in an experimentally ovalbumin induced inflammation in guinea pigs

The microscopic morphology of the respiratory territory was investigated on sections of pulmonary tissue and bronchioalveolar lavage liquid (BAL) that were stained with Giemsa, PAS and trichrome solutions. As a result of the induced pathological conditions, the following histological images were encountered: normal histological aspect of the bronchoalveolar territory was seen in the groups nebulized with 0.9% NaCl or sensitized after i.p. administration of ovalbumin (OA); macrophage cells influx in both tissue samples and BAL in animals nebulized with OA; after sensitization with OA followed by nebulization with OA, the same sequence of events as in atopical asthma was reproduced, including loss of epithelial structure and the appearance of mast cells and basophils in the alveolar territory. Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate, used to treat asthma attacks, causes a similar histological aspect as in the untreated group. Cells with intact basophilic granules were seen in the hypersensitized group under ketotiphen protection.

New derivatives of m-nitrobenzoyl-asparagic acid and m-nitrobenzoyl-asparagine with anti-inflammatory action

In order to obtain new biologically active compounds some derivatives of 1-[N-(m-nitrobenzoyl)-alpha-D,L-asparaginyl]-2-benzyl-benzimidazole have been synthesized by ring opening reactions of 2-(m-nitrophenyl)-4-(beta-amidomethyl)-delta 2-oxazolin-5-one and 2-(m-nitrophenyl)-4-(beta-carboxymethyl)-delta 2-oxazolin-5-one with 2-benzylbenzimidazole (dibazole).

[New isatin-derived hydrazones and Mannich bases with possible biological activity]

The paper presents a synthesis of six new Mannich bases, five hydrazones derived from 1-piperidino-methyl-5-R-isatin and three copper complex compounds of 3-(3'-R-phenyl-pyridazinil-hydrazone)-indoline-2-ones (R=H, CH3, OCH3). The structure of the new compounds was confirmed by the results of the elementary and spectral analysis. Pharmacodynamic studies indicated that copper complex compounds present effective biological properties. Thus, it can be seen that the experimental carrageenan-induced inflammatory oedema was 58.3% inhibited by the complex V (R=CH3) after oral administration. Antimicrobial tests revealed that only compound V (R=OCH3) shows a moderate antimicrobial activity against the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, used in the test.

[The reaction of 3-(R-phenyl)-6-hydrazine pyridazines with substituted isatins (II)]

This paper presents the synthesis of six hydrazones from isatin and 1-morpholinomethyl-isatin and also of their six cooper's complex salts. Their structure was confirmed by the results of the quantitative elemental analysis and by IR, UV-VIS spectral analysis. The biological tests point out that cooper's complex salt of 3-(3'-phenyl-pyridazinylhydrazono)-5-methyl-indoline-2-one (1:2) (VI a) has the smallest toxicity (DMT over 800 mg/kg.w. p.o.), a remarkable anti-inflammatory activity (inhibition 57.1%, IAR 1.1) and also a gastroprotector coefficient of 43.3%. In the mean time, the cooper's complex salt of 3-(3'-p-anisyl-pyridazinyl-hydrazono)-5-methyl-ind oline-2-one (1:2) (VI b) has a gastroprotector coefficient of 76.3% and a lower anti-inflammatory activity than the first derivative (inhibition 36.9%).

Hydrazones and formazans with possible biological activity

This paper presents a synthesis about some hydrazones, formazans and copper's complexes combinations. The structure of the new compounds was confirmed by the results of the quantitative elementary and IR spectral analysis. The antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activities were investigated.

[The synthesis of oximes and O-acetyl derivatives with biological activity]

Data about synthesis of some oximes and their O-acetyl derivates are shown here. This item also emphasize the results of testing the antimicrobial, antifungal, antilevural and anti-inflammatory action of the synthesized oximes.

[The reaction of 3-(R-phenyl)-6-hydrazine pyridazine with 5-methylisatin and 1-morpholinomethyl-5-methylisatin]

This paper presents the synthesis of six hydrazones obtained by treating 5-methyl-isatin or 1-morpholino methyl-5-methyl-isatin with 3-(R-phenyl)-6-hydrazino-pyridazine (R = OCH3, Cl, Br) and two complex combination with copper, derived from 3-(p-anisyl-pyridazinyl)-hydrazone-5-methyl-indoline-2- one. The structure of the new compounds was confirmed by the results of the quantitative elementary and IR, UV-VIS spectral analysis. The biological tests point out that product VI, in which a copper atom binds two molecules of 3-(p-anisyl-pyridazinyl)-hydrazono-5-methyl-indoline-2-one, has a considerable antiinflammatory activity, giving a inflammation inhibition of 39, 6%. All the synthetized compounds have a moderate antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans.

[The synthesis and anti-inflammatory properties of 7-theophyllineacetic acid derivatives]

Some esters of 7-theophyllinylacetic acid were synthetized, characterized physicochemically and tested for their anti-inflammatory properties. As compared to indomethacin, reference anti-inflammatory drug, all synthetized compounds were less toxic. The anti-inflammatory properties are influenced by the nature of the ester group radicals, the more active having ramified alchils.

[Adhesive cutaneous pharmaceutical forms]

The adhesive cutaneous pharmaceutical forms aimed to local action release the drug substance in view of a dermatological, traumatological, antirheumatic, cosmetic action. Two such preparations were obtained and their stability, consistency and pH were determined. The "in vitro" tests of their bioavailability revealed the dynamics of calcium ions release according to the associations of each preparation. The bioavailability determined by evaluating the pharmacological response demonstrated the antiinflammatory action obtained by the association of calcium ions with the components extracted from poplar muds. The therapeutical efficiency of the studied preparations has proved in the treatment of some sport injuries.

[General research modalities with traditional remedies of plant origin with a view to their introduction into pharmacotherapy]

The literature had suggested some schemes of tests and procedures to be employed in the scientific investigations and pharmaceutical evaluation of the traditional plant remedies. The present paper is intended to be a critical review.

Withania somnifera, a plant with a great therapeutical future

Withania somnifera Dun is a plant which drew the interest of many researchers in several countries, either for its active principles or for the extremely important pharmacodynamic or pharmacotherapeutic properties it has and first of all for the content in withanolides, substances with a sterol structure.

[Pyridazinilides (XIV). The action of p-phenyl-phenacyl bromide on 3-phenyl-pyridazine]

This time the synthesis of some new derivatives obtained by the quaternary substitution of one of the heterocyclic nitrogen atoms and by reactions of dipolar cycloaddition is presented. The results of the tests on their antimicrobial and antiinflammatory actions are discussed.

[Studies reagarding the bioavailability of oxacillin from preconditioned powders]

Previous studies have pointed out a good antimicrobial activity of two oxacillin salts--DBED--oxacillin and calcic oxacillin--which were conditioned as "preconditioned powders" for oral suspensions. The above mentioned preparations were followed up by administration to animals, and similar seric concentrations in DBED oxacillin and sodic oxacillin (with the difference that insoluble salts present a long-time activity) were pointed out.