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Muster V, Raggam RB, Urbanic-Purkart T, Posch F, Gütl K, Rabensteiner J, Prüller F, von Campe G, Rief M, Brodmann M, Gary T. P11.01.B Lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis and bleeding complications in primary brain tumor patients: A prospective study. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac174.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Primary brain tumor patients have a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Bleeding risk with prophylactic and therapeutic anticoagulation is an important concern in these patients, and data on the management of asymptomatic VTE events in this population are lacking. The aim of this prospective study is to investigate risk and risk factors for asymptomatic lower-extremity deep-vein thrombosis (LE-DVT) in patients with primary brain tumors, and to estimate the rate of bleeding complications on full, prophylactic or no anticoagulation.
Material and Methods
We included consecutive patients with primary brain tumours undergoing surgery. Screening for asymptomatic LE-DVT by compression ultrasound (CUS) was performed pre-operatively and postoperatively within 2 months after surgery. Telephone follow-up was done 6 and 12 months after surgery. The protocol pre-specified therapeutic doses of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in case of detection of an asymptomatic LE-DVT.
Results
Fifty patients were included (female: 34%, median age 58 years, WHO grade IV tumors: 78%, prophylactic-dose LMWH at baseline: 12%). During a median observation period of 9.1 months, LE-DVT was detected in 9 patients (18%). LE-DVTs included two asymptomatic events (4%) at pre-operative screening, five asymptomatic events (10%) at postoperative screening, and two symptomatic events (4%, both 4-level LE-DVT) at telephone follow-up. This corresponded to a 12-month cumulative incidence of LE-DVT of 14.9% (95%CI: 6.4-26.6). At postoperative screening, n=10 patients were on prophylactic-dose LMWH, and one of these patients had an LE-DVT event detected by screening. The two patients with symptomatic LE-DVT were not on thromboprophylaxis at the time of event. Among a variety of investigated potential risk factors, only higher age (Odds Ratio (OR) per 5 years increase=1.46, 95%CI: 1.01-2.13, p=0.05), higher neurologic assessment in neuro-oncology (NANO) scale (OR per 1 point increase=1.59, 1.00-2.54, p=0.05), higher serum Galectin-3 levels (OR per 1ng/ml increase=1.20, 1.01-1.42, p=0.041) but not D-Dimer (OR per 1mg/L increase=1.89, 0.75-4.77, p=0.178) emerged as significant predictors of any LE-DVT. Six patients (12%) developed bleeding events, including n=3 operative intracranial bleedings without LMWH, n=1 spontaneous ventricular hemorrhage without LMWH, n=1 minor subcutaneous bleeding without LMWH, and 1 intracerebral hematoma during therapeutic-dose LMWH initiated for asymptomatic distal LE-DVT.
Conclusion
In our study we detected a high-frequency of asymptomatic LE-DVT in patients with primary brain tumours. Conversely, symptomatic LE-DVT risk was low, which may be related to prior screening. Patients with primary brain tumors appear to have LE-DVT risk factors specific to this entity. Prophylactic-dose LMWH did not show any adverse safety signals regarding bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Muster
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - R B Raggam
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | | | - F Posch
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - K Gütl
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - J Rabensteiner
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - F Prüller
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - G von Campe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - M Rief
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - M Brodmann
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - T Gary
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
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Muster V, Raggam R, Urbanic-Purkart T, Posch F, Gütl K, Rabensteiner J, Prüller F, von Campe G, Rief M, Brodmann M, Gary T. PO-13: Lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis and bleeding complications in primary brain tumor patients: a prospective study. Thromb Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(22)00201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Buerger M, Kapahnke S, Omran S, Schomaker M, Rief M, Greiner A, Frese JP. Aortic aneurysm and aortic graft infection related to Mycobacterium bovis after intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guérin therapy-a case series. BMC Surg 2021; 21:138. [PMID: 33731071 PMCID: PMC7972206 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-021-01142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background So called “mycotic” aortic aneurysms account for only 0.7 to 1.3% of all aortic aneurysms and are commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella species. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), a live attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, is part of the therapy of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Case presentation We report a case series of three patients with a mycobacterial graft infection related to BCG after surgical treatment of a presumed mycotic aortic aneurysm as an extremely rare complication after NMIBC treatment. All three patients developed aortic aneurysm after BCG instillation and subsequent mycobacterial graft infection. Conclusion Diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicion because of its nonspecific symptoms and imaging. The pathogen is not detected by standard microbiological testing. Treatment includes triple antimycobacterial therapy and radical surgical interventions. Graft preservation may be considered if no anastomosis is involved. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12893-021-01142-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Buerger
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
| | - S Kapahnke
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Omran
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Schomaker
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Rief
- Institute of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Luisenstraße 10, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Greiner
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - J P Frese
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
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Prause G, Orlob S, Auinger D, Eichinger M, Zoidl P, Rief M, Zajic P. [System and skill utilization in an Austrian emergency physician system: retrospective study]. Anaesthesist 2020; 69:733-741. [PMID: 32696083 PMCID: PMC7544713 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-020-00820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuous rise in calls for emergency physicians and the low proportion of indicated missions has led to a loss of job attractiveness, which in turn renders services in some areas unable to sufficiently staff units. This retrospective analysis evaluated the frequency of emergency and general medical interventions in a ground-based emergency physician response system. METHODS A retrospective analysis of anonymized data from the electronic documentation system of the emergency physician response unit at the Medical University of Graz was carried out. Calls answered by emergency physicians between 2010 and 2018 were extracted, measures carried out were evaluated and categorized into three groups: specific emergency interventions (category I), general medical interventions (category II) and no medical activity (category III). The frequency of occurrence of these categories was compared and incidences of individual measures per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated. RESULTS A total of 15,409 primary responses and 322 secondary transports were extracted and analyzed. The annual rate of system activation rose almost continuously from 1442 calls in 2010 to 2301 calls in 2018. The 3687 (23.4%) cancellations resulted in 12,044 patient contacts. Of these, 2842 (18%) calls were coded as category I, 7372 (47%) as category II and 5518 (35%) as category III. The frequency of specific emergency measures and general medical interventions was estimated at 157/100,000 and 409/100,000 inhabitants, respectively. CONCLUSIONS No specific emergency physician interventions were required in the majority of call-outs. The current model of preclinical care does not appear to be patient-oriented and efficient. Furthermore, the low proportion of critically ill and injured patients already leads to a reduction in attractiveness for emergency physicians and may introduce the threat of quality issues due to insufficient routine experience and lack of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Prause
- Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeine Anästhesiologie, Notfall- und Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Österreich.
| | - S Orlob
- Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeine Anästhesiologie, Notfall- und Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Österreich
| | - D Auinger
- Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeine Anästhesiologie, Notfall- und Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Österreich
| | - M Eichinger
- Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeine Anästhesiologie, Notfall- und Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Österreich
| | - P Zoidl
- Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeine Anästhesiologie, Notfall- und Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Österreich
| | - M Rief
- Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeine Anästhesiologie, Notfall- und Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Österreich
| | - P Zajic
- Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeine Anästhesiologie, Notfall- und Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Österreich
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Seithe T, Busse R, Rief M, Doyscher R, Albrecht L, Rathke H, Jonczyk M, Poschmann R, Tepe H, Hamm B, de Bucourt M. Erratum zu: Teleradiologische Prozess- und Untersuchungszeiten. Eine institutsinterne Effizienz- und Qualitätsanalyse. Radiologe 2015; 55:497. [DOI: 10.1007/s00117-015-2864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- H Clausen-Schaumann
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Physik and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 München, Germany
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Wilmanns M, Konarev P, Svergun D, Zoldak G, Rief M, Beuron F, Morris E, Chatziefthimiou S. The architecture of the muscle filament myomesin by hybrid structural biology. Acta Crystallogr A 2012. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767312099369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Enders J, Zimmermann E, Rief M, Martus P, Hamm B, Dewey M. Randomisierte kontrollierte Studie zur Reduktion der Klaustrophobie in der Magnetresonanztomographie bei Risikopatienten. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1279471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lehmann K, Rief M. MRT des Herzens – Aufbaukurs (Sonata, Fa. Siemens). ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1252991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Zimmermann E, Germershausen C, Greupner J, Schnapauff D, Rief M, Grigoryev M, Wollenberg U, Dewey M. Improvement of Skills and Knowledge by a Hands-on Cardiac CT Course: Before and After Evaluation with a Validated Questionnaire and Self-Assessment. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2010; 182:589-93. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Rief M, Asbach P, Franiel T, Taupitz M, Hamm B, Wagner M. CMR2009: 3.03: Oral manganese-based contrast agent CMC-001 for liver MR imaging in patients with hepatic metastases: initial experience of a phase II trial. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rief M, Smid E. MRT des Herzens (Grundkurs). ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Pinotsis N, Chatziefthimiou S, Berkemeier F, Svergun D, Rief M, Wilmanns M. Myomesin forms a 370 Å long two-chained antiparallel filament across the muscle M-band region. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308089411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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15
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Wagner M, Klessen C, Rief M, Elgeti T, Taupitz M, Hamm B, Asbach P. High-resolution T2-weighted abdominal magnetic resonance imaging using respiratory triggering: impact of butylscopolamine on image quality. Acta Radiol 2008; 49:376-82. [PMID: 18415778 DOI: 10.1080/02841850801894806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory triggering allows the acquisition of high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images of the upper abdomen. However, the depiction of organs close to the gastrointestinal tract can be considerably impaired by ghosting artifacts and blurring caused by bowel peristalsis. PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of gastrointestinal motion suppression by intramuscular butylscopolamine administration on the image quality of a respiratory-triggered T2-weighted turbo spin-echo (T2w TSE) sequence of the upper abdomen. MATERIAL AND METHODS Images of 46 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-four patients had received intramuscular injection of 40 mg butylscopolamine immediately before MR imaging. Fourteen of the 24 patients in the butylscopolamine group underwent repeat imaging after a mean of 29 min. Quantitative analysis of the ghosting artifacts was done by measuring signal intensities in regions of interest placed in air anterior to the patient. In addition, image quality was assessed qualitatively by two radiologists by consensus. RESULTS Spasmolytic medication with butylscopolamine reduced ghosting artifacts and significantly improved image quality of the respiratory-triggered T2w TSE sequence. The most pronounced effect of butylscopolamine administration on image quality was found for the pancreas and the left hepatic lobe. The rate of examinations with excellent or good depiction of the pancreas and the left hepatic lobe in the group without premedication and in the butylscopolamine group was 55% vs. 96% (pancreatic head), 35% vs. 88% (pancreatic body), 43% vs. 96% (pancreatic tail), and 45% vs. 83% (left hepatic lobe), respectively. Regarding the duration of the effect of intramuscular butylscopolamine, repeat imaging after a mean of 29 min did not result in a significant deterioration of image quality. CONCLUSION Intramuscular butylscopolamine administration significantly improves image quality of respiratory-triggered T2-weighted abdominal MR imaging by persistent reduction of peristaltic artifacts. MR imaging of the liver and pancreas in particular benefits from the suppression of gastrointestinal peristalsis by butylscopolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Wagner
- Department of Radiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Klessen
- Department of Radiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Rief
- Department of Radiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - T. Elgeti
- Department of Radiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Taupitz
- Department of Radiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - B. Hamm
- Department of Radiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - P. Asbach
- Department of Radiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Rief M, Lehmann K, Smid E. MRT des Herzens/Grundkurs (Sonata, Fa. Siemens). ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1073912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rief M, Rajasalu T, Spyrantis A, Schirmbeck R, Boehm B, Karges W. Experimental autoimmune diabetes is caused by IFN-γ+/CD8+ T cell immunity against a single insulin A-chain epitope. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-932876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Spyrantis A, Rief M, Rajasalu T, Schirmbeck R, Boehm B, Karges W. CD8+ T Zell Immunität gegen ein Insulin-Epitop als Ursache des Experimentellen Autoimmundiabetes (EAD). DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-943803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
We investigated the effect of substrate binding on the mechanical stability of mouse dihydrofolate reductase using single-molecule force spectroscopy by atomic force microscopy. We find that under mechanical forces dihydrofolate reductase unfolds via a metastable intermediate with lifetimes on the millisecond timescale. Based on the measured length increase of approximately 22 nm we suggest a structure for this intermediate with intact substrate binding sites. In the presence of the substrate analog methotrexate and the cofactor NADPH lifetimes of this intermediate are increased by up to a factor of two. Comparing mechanical and thermodynamic stabilization effects of substrate binding suggests mechanical stability is dominated by local interactions within the protein structure. These experiments demonstrate that protein mechanics can be used to probe the substrate binding status of an enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Junker
- Physik-Department E22, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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20
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Abstract
AFM-based Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy provides a new tool for probing the mechanical properties of single molecules. In this chapter we show that the unfolding forces of single protein domains can be directly measured. Unfolding forces give new insight into protein stability that cannot be deduced from thermodynamic measurements. A comparison between the unfolding forces measured in Ig domains of the muscle protein titin and those measured in fibronectin Type III domains reveals an extraordinarily high stability of titin domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rief
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
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21
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Abstract
Myosin V is an actin-based motor thought to be involved in vesicle transport. Since the properties of such a motor may be expected to differ from those of muscle myosin II, we have examined myosin V-driven movement using a combination of gliding filament and optical trap assays to observe single molecules with high resolution. The results clearly demonstrate that brain myosin V is a highly efficient processive motor. In vitro motility assays at low myosin V densities reveal apparent single-molecule supported movement. Processive stepping was also observed in optical trapping assays of myosin V-driven motion. Here the methods that were used to demonstrate the processivity of myosin V are described. These methods include density-dependent assays that eliminate the possibility of aggregation or chance colocalization of multiple motors being responsible for apparent single-molecule motility. Such assays will be useful tools for identifying other processive classes of myosins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Rock
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center B405, Stanford, California 94305-5307, USA
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22
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Abstract
Myosin-V is a molecular motor that moves processively along its actin track. We have used a feedback-enhanced optical trap to examine the stepping kinetics of this movement. By analyzing the distribution of time periods separating discrete approximately 36-nm mechanical steps, we characterize the number and duration of rate-limiting biochemical transitions preceding each such step. These data show that myosin-V is a tightly coupled motor whose cycle time is limited by ADP release. On the basis of these results, we propose a model for myosin-V processivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rief
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305, USA
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23
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Abstract
Using a modified atomic force microscope (AFM), individual double-stranded (ds) DNA molecules attached to an AFM tip and a gold surface were overstretched, and the mechanical stability of the DNA double helix was investigated. In lambda-phage DNA the previously reported B-S transition at 65 piconewtons (pN) is followed by a second conformational transition, during which the DNA double helix melts into two single strands. Unlike the B-S transition, the melting transition exhibits a pronounced force-loading-rate dependence and a marked hysteresis, characteristic of a nonequilibrium conformational transition. The kinetics of force-induced melting of the double helix, its reannealing kinetics, as well as the influence of ionic strength, temperature, and DNA sequence on the mechanical stability of the double helix were investigated. As expected, the DNA double helix is considerably destabilized under low salt buffer conditions (</=10 mM NaCl), while high ionic strength buffers (1 M NaCl) stabilize the double-helical conformation. The mechanical energy that can be deposited in the DNA double helix before force induced melting occurs was found to decrease with increasing temperature. This energy correlates with the base-pairing free enthalpy DeltaG(bp)(T) of DNA. Experiments with pure poly(dG-dC) and poly(dA-dT) DNA sequences again revealed a close correlation between the mechanical energies at which these sequences melt with base pairing free enthalpies DeltaG(bp)(sequence): while the melting transition occurs between 65 and 200 pN in lambda-phage DNA, depending on the loading rate, the melting transition is shifted to approximately 300 pN for poly(dG-dC) DNA, whereas poly(dA-dT) DNA melts at a force of 35 pN.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Clausen-Schaumann
- LMV-München, Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Physik and Center for Nanoscience, 80799 Munich, Germany
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24
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Abstract
Class-V myosins, one of 15 known classes of actin-based molecular motors, have been implicated in several forms of organelle transport, perhaps working with microtubule-based motors such as kinesin. Such movements may require a motor with mechanochemical properties distinct from those of myosin-II, which operates in large ensembles to drive high-speed motility as in muscle contraction. Based on its function and biochemistry, it has been suggested that myosin-V may be a processive motor like kinesin. Processivity means that the motor undergoes multiple catalytic cycles and coupled mechanical advances for each diffusional encounter with its track. This allows single motors to support movement of an organelle along its track. Here we provide direct evidence that myosin-V is indeed a processive actin-based motor that can move in large steps approximating the 36-nm pseudo-repeat of the actin filament.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Mehta
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical Center, California 94305, USA
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Mehta
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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26
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Abstract
Atomic force microscope-based single-molecule force spectroscopy was employed to measure sequence-dependent mechanical properties of DNA by stretching individual DNA double strands attached between a gold surface and an AFM tip. We discovered that in lambda-phage DNA the previously reported B-S transition, where 'S' represents an overstretched conformation, at 65 pN is followed by a nonequilibrium melting transition at 150 pN. During this transition the DNA is split into single strands that fully recombine upon relaxation. The sequence dependence was investigated in comparative studies with poly(dG-dC) and poly(dA-dT) DNA. Both the B-S and the melting transition occur at significantly lower forces in poly(dA-dT) compared to poly(dG-dC). We made use of the melting transition to prepare single poly(dG-dC) and poly(dA-dT) DNA strands that upon relaxation reannealed into hairpins as a result of their self-complementary sequence. The unzipping of these hairpins directly revealed the base pair-unbinding forces for G-C to be 20 +/- 3 pN and for A-T to be 9 +/- 3 pN.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rief
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Physik, München, Germany
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Abstract
Single-molecule observation and manipulation have come of age. With the advent of optical tweezers and other methods for probing and imaging single molecules, investigators have circumvented the model-dependent extrapolation from ensemble assays that has been the hallmark of classical biochemistry and biophysics. In recent years, there have been important advances in the understanding of how motor proteins work. The range of these technologies has also started to expand into areas such as DNA transcription and protein folding. Here, recent experiments with rotary motors, linear motors, RNA polymerase, and titin are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Mehta
- Department of Biochemistry B400, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA
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Abstract
The rupture force of single covalent bonds under an external load was measured with an atomic force microscope (AFM). Single polysaccharide molecules were covalently anchored between a surface and an AFM tip and then stretched until they became detached. By using different surface chemistries for the attachment, it was found that the silicon-carbon bond ruptured at 2.0 +/- 0.3 nanonewtons, whereas the sulfur-gold anchor ruptured at 1.4 +/- 0.3 nanonewtons at force-loading rates of 10 nanonewtons per second. Bond rupture probability calculations that were based on density functional theory corroborate the measured values.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grandbois
- Lehrstuhl fur Angewandte Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, Amalienstrasse 54, D-80799 Munchen, Germany. Institut fur Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universitat Munchen, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching
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29
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Abstract
Spectrin repeats fold into triple helical coiled-coils comprising approximately 106 amino acid residues. Using an AFM-related technique we measured the force required to mechanically unfold these repeats to be 25 to 35 pN. Under tension, individual spectrin repeats unfold independently and in an all-or-none process. The dependence of the unfolding forces on the pulling speed reveals that the corresponding unfolding potential is shallow with an estimated width of 1.5 nm. When the unfolded polypeptide strand is relaxed, several domains refold within less than a second. The unfolding forces of the alpha-helical spectrin domains are five to ten times lower than those found in domains with beta-fold, like immunoglobulin or fibronectin Ill domains, where the tertiary structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between adjacent strands. This shows that the forces stabilizing the coiled-coil lead to a mechanically much weaker structure than multiple hydrogen-bonded beta-sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rief
- Lehrstuhl für angewandte Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität M unchen, Amalienstrasse 54, München, D-80799, Germany
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30
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Rief M, Gautel M, Schemmel A, Gaub HE. The mechanical stability of immunoglobulin and fibronectin III domains in the muscle protein titin measured by atomic force microscopy. Biophys J 1998; 75:3008-14. [PMID: 9826620 PMCID: PMC1299971 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(98)77741-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The domains of the giant muscle protein titin (connectin) provide interaction sites for other sarcomeric proteins and fulfill mechanical functions. In this paper we compare the unfolding forces of defined regions of different titin isoforms by single-molecule force spectroscopy. Constructs comprising six to eight immunoglobulin (Ig) domains located in the mechanically active I-band part of titin are compared to those containing fibronectin III (Fn3) and Ig domains from the A-band part. The high spatial resolution of the atomic force microscope allows us to detect differences in length as low as a few amino acids. Thus constructs of different lengths may be used as molecular rulers for structural comparisons with other modular proteins. The unfolding forces range between 150 and 300 pN and differ systematically between the constructs. Fn3 domains in titin exhibit 20% lower unfolding forces than Ig domains. Fn3 domains from tenascin, however, unfold at forces only half those of titin Fn3 domains. This indicates that the tightly folded titin domains are designed to maintain their structural integrity, even under the influence of stretching forces. Hence, at physiological forces, unfolding is unlikely unless the forces are applied for a long time (longer than minutes).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rief
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Physik, Ludwig Maximilians Universität M unchen, 80799 München, Germany
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31
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Abstract
Single-molecule atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to investigate the mechanical properties of titin, the giant sarcomeric protein of striated muscle. Individual titin molecules were repeatedly stretched, and the applied force was recorded as a function of the elongation. At large extensions, the restoring force exhibited a sawtoothlike pattern, with a periodicity that varied between 25 and 28 nanometers. Measurements of recombinant titin immunoglobulin segments of two different lengths exhibited the same pattern and allowed attribution of the discontinuities to the unfolding of individual immunoglobulin domains. The forces required to unfold individual domains ranged from 150 to 300 piconewtons and depended on the pulling speed. Upon relaxation, refolding of immunoglobulin domains was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rief
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Physik, München, Germany
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32
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Abstract
Recent developments in piconewton instrumentation allow the manipulation of single molecules and measurements of intermolecular as well as intramolecular forces. Dextran filaments linked to a gold surface were probed with the atomic force microscope tip by vertical stretching. At low forces the deformation of dextran was found to be dominated by entropic forces and can be described by the Langevin function with a 6 angstrom Kuhn length. At elevated forces the strand elongation was governed by a twist of bond angles. At higher forces the dextran filaments underwent a distinct conformational change. The polymer stiffened and the segment elasticity was dominated by the bending of bond angles. The conformational change was found to be reversible and was corroborated by molecular dynamics calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rief
- M. Rief, F. Oesterhelt, H. E. Gaub, Lehrstuhl fur Angewandte Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, 80799 Munchen, Germany. B. Heymann, Theoretische Biophysik, Institut fur Medizinische Optik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat 80333 Munchen, Germany
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