1
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Weeden NF, Lavin M, Abbo S, Coyne CJ, McPhee K. A hypervariable intron of the STAYGREEN locus provides excellent discrimination among Pisum fulvum accessions and reveals evidence for a relatively recent hybridization event with Pisum sativum. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1233280. [PMID: 37692437 PMCID: PMC10492584 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1233280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of 82 non-synonymous Pisum fulvum accessions for sequence variation in a fragment of the STAYGREEN (SGR) locus revealed 57 alleles, most of which differed in indel structure. Eight additional P. fulvum accessions, each supposedly synonymous with a different accession of the initial group, were also analyzed. In every case the paired synonymous accessions possessed the same SGR sequence but varied slightly for a 6-trait morphological phenotype, indicating that SGR sequence is a much more reliable indicator of accession identity than is a morphological characterization. SGR sequence analysis confirmed our previous finding that P. fulvum accessions separate into two allele groups. This division was not supported by results of previous studies that were based on sequences distributed across the entire genome, suggesting that the division may have been produced by selection at a nearby locus and that the SGR phylogeny may not be good indicator of overall relationships within the species. One P. fulvum accession, PI 595941 (=JI1796), displayed an SGR sequence outside the variation typical of the species. Instead, its allele resembled alleles limited to a set of Pisum sativum landraces from the Middle East, suggesting hybridization between ancestors of PI 595941 and some primitive form of domesticated P. sativum. With one exception from the extreme northwest corner of Israel, P. fulvum accessions collected north of latitude 35.5° N were fixed for alleles from group A. These northern accessions also displayed greatly reduced SGR sequence diversity compared to group A accessions collected from other regions, suggesting that the northern populations may represent recent extensions of the range of the species. Group B accessions were distributed from Lake Tiberias south and were generally sympatric with the southern group A accessions. Although group B accessions occupied a smaller area than group A, the SGR sequence diversity in this group (28 alleles in 33 accessions) exceeded that for group A.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. F. Weeden
- Department of Plant Sciences & Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - M. Lavin
- Department of Plant Sciences & Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - S. Abbo
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, and the Jacob & Rachel Liss Chair in Agronomy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - C. J. Coyne
- Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Research, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), Pullman, WA, United States
| | - K. McPhee
- Department of Plant Sciences & Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
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2
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Karampini E, Fogarty H, Elliott S, Morrin H, Bergin C, O’Sullivan JM, Byrne M, Martin-Loeches I, Mallon PW, Curley GF, Glavey S, Baker RI, Lavin M, Preston RJ, Cheallaigh CN, Ward SE, O’Donnell JS. Endothelial cell activation, Weibel-Palade body secretion, and enhanced angiogenesis in severe COVID-19. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100085. [PMID: 36817284 PMCID: PMC9927806 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe COVID-19 is associated with marked endothelial cell (EC) activation that plays a key role in immunothrombosis and pulmonary microvascular occlusion. However, the biological mechanisms through which SARS-CoV-2 causes EC activation and damage remain poorly defined. Objectives We investigated EC activation in patients with acute COVID-19, and specifically focused on how proteins stored within Weibel-Palade bodies may impact key aspects of disease pathogenesis. Methods Thirty-nine patients with confirmed COVID-19 were recruited. Weibel-Palade body biomarkers (von Willebrand factor [VWF], angiopoietin-2 [Angpt-2], and osteoprotegerin) and soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) levels were determined. In addition, EC activation and angiogenesis were assessed in the presence or absence of COVID-19 plasma incubation. Results Markedly elevated plasma VWF antigen, Angpt-2, osteoprotegerin, and sTM levels were observed in patients with acute COVID-19. The increased levels of both sTM and Weibel-Palade body components (VWF, osteoprotegerin, and Angpt-2) correlated with COVID-19 severity. Incubation of COVID-19 plasma with ECs triggered enhanced VWF secretion and increased Angpt-2 expression, as well as significantly enhanced in vitro EC tube formation and angiogenesis. Conclusion We propose that acute SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to a complex and multifactorial EC activation, progressive loss of thrombomodulin, and increased Angpt-2 expression, which collectively serve to promote a local proangiogenic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Karampini
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Fogarty
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephanie Elliott
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hannah Morrin
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm Bergin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jamie M. O’Sullivan
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Byrne
- National Coagulation Centre, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Patrick W. Mallon
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard F. Curley
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Glavey
- Department of Haematology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ross I. Baker
- Western Australia Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Perth Blood Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Irish-Australian Blood Collaborative Network, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M. Lavin
- National Coagulation Centre, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roger J.S. Preston
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cliona Ni Cheallaigh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Soracha E. Ward
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James S. O’Donnell
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Irish-Australian Blood Collaborative Network, Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Swan D, Enright H, Desmond R, Le G, El Hassadi E, Hennessy B, Lynott F, O'Keeffe D, Crowley M, Smyth L, Perera K, Jennings C, Ni Ainle F, Coll J, Ryan K, O'Donnell J, Lavin M, O'Connell N. Vaccine-induced thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (VITT) in Ireland: A review of cases and current practices. Thromb Update 2021; 5:100086. [PMID: 38620810 PMCID: PMC8578028 DOI: 10.1016/j.tru.2021.100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) virus pandemic, several highly effective and safe vaccines have been produced at remarkable speed. Following global implementation of vaccination programmes, cases of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia following administration of adenoviral vector-based vaccines started being reported. In this review we discuss the known pathogenesis and epidemiology of so-called vaccine induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT). We consider the available guidelines, diagnostic laboratory tests and management options for these patients. Finally, we discuss important unanswered questions and areas for future research in this novel pathoclinical entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Swan
- National Coagulation Centre, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - H Enright
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Desmond
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Le
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E El Hassadi
- Waterford University Hospital, Waterford, Ireland
| | - B Hennessy
- Waterford University Hospital, Waterford, Ireland
| | - F Lynott
- Waterford University Hospital, Waterford, Ireland
| | - D O'Keeffe
- University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - M Crowley
- Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - L Smyth
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Perera
- Midland Regional Hospital Tullamore, Tullamore, Ireland
| | - C Jennings
- Midland Regional Hospital Tullamore, Tullamore, Ireland
| | - F Ni Ainle
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Coll
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Ryan
- National Coagulation Centre, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J O'Donnell
- National Coagulation Centre, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Lavin
- National Coagulation Centre, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N O'Connell
- National Coagulation Centre, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Subramanian GN, Lavin M, Homer HA. Premature ovarian ageing following heterozygous loss of Senataxin. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:gaaa080. [PMID: 33337500 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature loss of ovarian activity before 40 years of age is known as primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) and occurs in ∼1% of women. A more subtle decline in ovarian activity, known as premature ovarian ageing (POA), occurs in ∼10% of women. Despite the high prevalence of POA, very little is known regarding its genetic causation. Senataxin (SETX) is an RNA/DNA helicase involved in repair of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. Homozygous mutation of SETX leads to the neurodegenerative disorder, ataxia oculomotor apraxia type 2 (AOA2). There have been reports of POI in AOA2 females suggesting a link between SETX and ovarian ageing. Here, we studied female mice lacking either one (Setx+/-) or both (Setx-/-) copies of SETX over a 12- to 14-month period. We find that DNA damage is increased in oocytes from 8-month-old Setx+/- and Setx-/- females compared with Setx+/+ oocytes leading to a marked reduction in all classes of ovarian follicles at least 4 months earlier than typically occurs in female mice. Furthermore, during a 12-month long mating trial, Setx+/- and Setx-/- females produced significantly fewer pups than Setx+/+ females from 7 months of age onwards. These data show that SETX is critical for preventing POA in mice, likely by preserving DNA integrity in oocytes. Intriguingly, heterozygous Setx loss causes an equally severe impact on ovarian ageing as homozygous Setx loss. Because heterozygous SETX disruption is less likely to produce systemic effects, SETX compromise could underpin some cases of insidious POA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Subramanian
- The Christopher Chen Oocyte Biology Research Laboratory, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - M Lavin
- Cancer and Neuroscience Laboratory, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - H A Homer
- The Christopher Chen Oocyte Biology Research Laboratory, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
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5
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Marrinan A, Shackleton L, Kelly C, Lavin M, Glavey S, Murphy P, Quinn J. Liver injury during rivaroxaban treatment in a patient with AL amyloidosis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 77:1073-1076. [PMID: 33427957 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-03084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Marrinan
- Department of Haematology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - L Shackleton
- Department of Haematology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - C Kelly
- Department of Haematology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - M Lavin
- Department of Haematology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - S Glavey
- Department of Haematology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Department of Medicine, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Murphy
- Department of Haematology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Department of Medicine, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Quinn
- Department of Haematology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Department of Medicine, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
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6
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O'Connor-Byrne N, Quinn J, Glavey SV, Lavin M, Brett F, Murphy PT. Venetoclax for chronic lymphocytic leukemia associated immune thrombocytopenia following recovery from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Leuk Res 2020; 95:106390. [PMID: 32526595 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2020.106390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J Quinn
- Beaumont Hospital, Ireland; Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
| | - S V Glavey
- Beaumont Hospital, Ireland; Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
| | - M Lavin
- Beaumont Hospital, Ireland; Irish Centre of Vascular Biology, Ireland
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7
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Fogarty H, Byrne M, O’Connell NM, Ryan K, White B, O’Donnell JS, Lavin M. Acquired Factor Xiii Deficiency: An Uncommon But Easily Missed Cause Of Severe Bleeding. Ir Med J 2018; 111:757. [PMID: 30489053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Factor XIII (FXIII) is a plasma clotting protein involved in clot stabilization. Severe FXIII deficiency may present with severe, even fatal bleeding. Critically however, routine coagulation assays may be normal and only specific FXIII assays will detect the abnormality. Herein we discuss a case report of a patient with acquired FXIII deficiency in order to highlight the clinical challenges associated with establishing the diagnosis and discuss the treatment approach. A 70-year-old man presented with a gluteal haematoma despite no preceding personal history of bleeding. Extensive initial haemostatic investigations were normal until a specific FXIII assay showed a marked reduction in FXIII levels. With directed treatment, bleeding episodes ceased and remission was achieved. Clinical awareness of FXIII deficiency is important, so appropriate testing can be implemented in patients with unexplained bleeding diatheses, particularly those in whom bleeding responds poorly to standard replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fogarty
- National Coagulation Centre, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Byrne
- National Coagulation Centre, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N M O’Connell
- National Coagulation Centre, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Ryan
- National Coagulation Centre, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B White
- National Coagulation Centre, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J S O’Donnell
- National Coagulation Centre, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Haemostasis Research Group, Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Lavin
- National Coagulation Centre, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Haemostasis Research Group, Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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8
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Ali SM, Chen D, Ali A, Krecko L, Leitzel K, Vasekar M, Nagabhairu V, Marks E, Polimera H, Richardson A, May M, He W, Patel P, Lavin M, Hofsess S, Sweetman R, Hortobagyi G, Baselga J, Lipton A. Abstract P1-07-09: Serum activin A and outcomes in HR+ /HER2- metastatic breast cancer patients treated with everolimus: Results from BOLERO-2. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p1-07-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Everolimus (EVE) plus exemestane (EXE) doubled progression-free survival (PFS) while maintaining quality of life versus EXE alone in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive (HR+), HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (mBC) (BOLERO-2 phase 3; NCT00863655). Pretreatment serum activin A was previously reported as a prognostic factor in first-line hormone therapy (letrozole vs tamoxifen) (Novartis P025) and anti-HER2 mBC (lapatinib vs trastzmab) (CCTG MA.31) trials. Here we investigate the prognostic and predictive ability of activin A in BOLERO-2.
Methods: Activin A levels were determined on pretreatment serum samples using ELISA. Cox-proportional hazards model was used to assess the efficacy of EVE in the activin A low and high subgroups (median cut-point), and the prognostic effect of activin A on PFS and overall survival (OS).
Results: Baseline activin A levels were determined in 513 patients (71% of 725 BOLERO-2 patients randomized 2:1 to EVE+EXE or EXE). Predictive and prognostic signals are shown in the table below
Predictive and prognostic signalsPredictive/PrognosticEnd-pointAct-ivin ATreatmentNEventsMedian PFSHR (95% CI); p valuepredictivePFSHEXE93832.5 (1.5-2.8)-predictivePFSHEVE+EXE1631325.4 (4.1-6.8)0.46 (0.34 - 0.60); <0.0001predictivePFSLEXE89774.2 (2.0 -5.4)-predictivePFSLEVE+EXE1681059.9 (8.1-12.5)0.38 (0.28 - 0.51); <0.0001predictiveOSHEXE936820.1 (13.8-22.6)-predictiveOSHEVE+EXE16312917.7 (15.7-22.3)1.04 (0.78 - 1.40); 0.78predictiveOSLEXE8939NA (34.7-NA)-predictiveOSLEVE+EXE1687241.4 (36.4-NA)1.02 (0.69 - 1.50); 0.93prognosticPFSH 2562154.1 (2.9-4.2)-prognosticPFSL 2571826.9 (6.7-8.5)0.54 (0.45 - 0.66); <0.0001prognosticOSH 25619718.0 (16.5-21.1)-prognosticOSL 25711142.3 (38.5-NA)0.34 (0.27 - 0.42); <0.0001
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In multivariate analysis (including sensitivity to prior hormone therapy and visceral disease), activin A remained a significant independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS [HR 0.57 (0.46-0.69) and 0.34 (0.27-0.43), respectively].
Conclusions: Higher serum activin A was strongly associated with shorter PFS and OS in HR+/HER2- mBC patients. Everolimus was efficacious regardless of serum activin A level. These results are similar to our previous studies in phase 3 trials of letrozole-tamoxifen (Novartis P025), and HER2-targeted therapy, lapatinib vs trastuzmab (CCTG MA.31): pretreatment serum activin A was prognostic for outcome, but was not a predictive factor for treatment arm selection.
Citation Format: Ali SM, Chen D, Ali A, Krecko L, Leitzel K, Vasekar M, Nagabhairu V, Marks E, Polimera H, Richardson A, May M, He W, Patel P, Lavin M, Hofsess S, Sweetman R, Hortobagyi G, Baselga J, Lipton A. Serum activin A and outcomes in HR+ /HER2- metastatic breast cancer patients treated with everolimus: Results from BOLERO-2 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-07-09.
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Affiliation(s)
- SM Ali
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp, East Hanover, NJ; Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, PA; R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - D Chen
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp, East Hanover, NJ; Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, PA; R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - A Ali
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp, East Hanover, NJ; Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, PA; R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - L Krecko
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp, East Hanover, NJ; Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, PA; R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - K Leitzel
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp, East Hanover, NJ; Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, PA; R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - M Vasekar
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp, East Hanover, NJ; Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, PA; R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - V Nagabhairu
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp, East Hanover, NJ; Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, PA; R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - E Marks
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp, East Hanover, NJ; Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, PA; R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - H Polimera
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp, East Hanover, NJ; Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, PA; R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - A Richardson
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp, East Hanover, NJ; Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, PA; R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - M May
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp, East Hanover, NJ; Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, PA; R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - W He
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp, East Hanover, NJ; Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, PA; R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - P Patel
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp, East Hanover, NJ; Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, PA; R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - M Lavin
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp, East Hanover, NJ; Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, PA; R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - S Hofsess
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp, East Hanover, NJ; Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, PA; R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - R Sweetman
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp, East Hanover, NJ; Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, PA; R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - G Hortobagyi
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp, East Hanover, NJ; Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, PA; R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - J Baselga
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp, East Hanover, NJ; Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, PA; R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - A Lipton
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp, East Hanover, NJ; Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, PA; R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Fallon
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Lavin
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- National Coagulation Centre, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J S O'Donnell
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- National Coagulation Centre, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Lavin M, Ryan K, White B, Byrne M, O'Connell NM, O’Donnell JS. A role for intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of Acquired Von Willebrand Syndrome associated with IgM gammopathy. Haemophilia 2017; 24:e22-e25. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Lavin
- National Coagulation Centre; St. James's Hospital; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics; Irish Centre for Vascular Biology; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Ireland
| | - K. Ryan
- National Coagulation Centre; St. James's Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - B. White
- National Coagulation Centre; St. James's Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - M. Byrne
- National Coagulation Centre; St. James's Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - N. M. O'Connell
- National Coagulation Centre; St. James's Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - J. S. O’Donnell
- National Coagulation Centre; St. James's Hospital; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics; Irish Centre for Vascular Biology; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Ireland
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Lavin M, Brophy TM, Rawley O, O'Sullivan JM, Hayden PJ, Browne PV, Ryan K, O'Connell N, O'Donnell JS. Lenalidomide as a novel treatment for refractory acquired von Willebrand syndrome associated with monoclonal gammopathy. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:1200-5. [PMID: 26991062 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Essentials Treatment options are limited for refractory bleeding in acquired von Willebrand Syndrome (AVWS). Lenalidomide therapy was studied in two patients with AVWS due to monoclonal gammopathy (MG). Lenalidomide increased von Willebrand factor (VWF), lowered VWF clearance and resolved bleeding. Lenalidomide is a potential treatment option for refractory bleeding in AVWS secondary to MG. SUMMARY Background Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) is associated with lymphoproliferative disorders, including monoclonal gammopathy (MG) of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma. Patients commonly present with significant bleeding complications that are difficult to manage, owing to a markedly reduced von Willebrand factor (VWF) half-life. Objectives To investigate the use of the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide in two patients with severe refractory bleeding caused by AVWS associated with MGs. Results In both patients, lenalidomide treatment resulted in significant clinical improvement, and marked increases in plasma VWF antigen (VWF:Ag) and VWF ristocetin cofactor levels. This normalization in plasma VWF levels was sustained for > 2 years in both patients. Furthermore, in one patient, plasma VWF levels remain normal for at least 14 months following discontinuation of lenalidomide treatment. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying these observations, VWF propeptide (VWFpp)/VWF:Ag ratios were analyzed to assess VWF clearance. At enrolment, plasma VWFpp/VWF:Ag ratios were significantly elevated in both patients. Importantly, lenalidomide treatment resulted in normalization of VWFpp/VWF:Ag ratios in both patients. These novel data suggest that lenalidomide functions to attenuate enhanced VWF clearance in AVWS. Interestingly, in a patient with MGUS, lenalidomide treatment was associated with a significant increase in plasma VWF levels, despite no major change in paraprotein level. Conclusions Collectively, our findings suggest that lenalidomide constitutes a novel therapeutic option for the management of AVWS associated with MG. The biological mechanism(s) through which lenalidomide causes a sustained increase in plasma VWF levels in AVWS independently of paraprotein level requires further study, but is in part modulated through inhibition of enhanced VWF clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lavin
- National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Haemostasis Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T M Brophy
- Haemostasis Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - O Rawley
- Haemostasis Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J M O'Sullivan
- Haemostasis Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P J Hayden
- Department of Haematology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P V Browne
- Department of Haematology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Ryan
- National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N O'Connell
- National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J S O'Donnell
- National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Haemostasis Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Lavin M, Kavanagh J, Beddy P, O'Connell NM, O'Donnell JS. Recurrent lower limb venous thrombosis associated with a congenitally absent infrarenal inferior vena cava. QJM 2016; 109:57. [PMID: 26109595 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcv123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Lavin
- National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland and Haemostasis Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Kavanagh
- Department of Radiology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Beddy
- Department of Radiology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N M O'Connell
- National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J S O'Donnell
- National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland and Haemostasis Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Lavin M, Jenkins PV, Keenan C, White B, Betts DR, O'Donnell JS, O'Connell NM. X-linked moyamoya syndrome associated with severe haemophilia A. Haemophilia 2015; 22:e51-4. [PMID: 26422091 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Lavin
- Haemostasis Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P V Jenkins
- Haemostasis Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Keenan
- National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B White
- Haemostasis Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D R Betts
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J S O'Donnell
- Haemostasis Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N M O'Connell
- Haemostasis Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Lavin M, Jenkins PV, Healy ML, Byrne M, O'Connell NM, O'Donnell JS. Age-related factor IX correction in symptomatic female carriers with haemophilia B Leyden. Haemophilia 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Lavin
- Haemostasis Research Group; Institute of Molecular Medicine; Trinity Centre for Health Sciences; St James's Hospital; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders; St James's Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - P. V. Jenkins
- Haemostasis Research Group; Institute of Molecular Medicine; Trinity Centre for Health Sciences; St James's Hospital; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders; St James's Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - M. L. Healy
- Department of Endocrinology; St James's Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - M. Byrne
- National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders; St James's Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - N. M. O'Connell
- Haemostasis Research Group; Institute of Molecular Medicine; Trinity Centre for Health Sciences; St James's Hospital; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders; St James's Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - J. S. O'Donnell
- Haemostasis Research Group; Institute of Molecular Medicine; Trinity Centre for Health Sciences; St James's Hospital; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders; St James's Hospital; Dublin Ireland
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Rawley O, O'Sullivan JM, Chion A, Keyes S, Lavin M, van Rooijen N, Brophy TM, Fallon P, Preston RJS, O'Donnell JS. von Willebrand factor arginine 1205 substitution results in accelerated macrophage-dependent clearance in vivo. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:821-6. [PMID: 25690668 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced von Willebrand factor (VWF) clearance is important in the etiology of type 1 and type 2 von Willebrand disease (VWD). More than 20 different VWF point mutations have already been reported in patients with enhanced clearance. These include the VWD-Vicenza variant, which is characterized by an Arg1205His substitution in the VWF D3 domain. Critically, however, the molecular mechanisms through which single amino acid substitutions in VWF result in enhanced clearance of this complex multimeric glycoprotein have not been defined. OBJECTIVES In this study, we have investigated the biological basis underlying the enhanced clearance of the VWF-R1205H variant. METHODS Using VWF(-/-) mice, in vivo clearance rates were determined for a series of full-length and truncated recombinant VWF variants. In addition, the role of macrophages in modulating enhanced VWD-Vicenza clearance was investigated using clodronate liposome administration. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that substitutions of R1205 with histidine, cysteine or serine all result in markedly reduced survival of full-length recombinant VWF. Importantly, D'A3 fragments containing these same R1205 substitutions also demonstrated significantly enhanced clearance. In contrast to the reduced in vivo survival observed with R1205H, clearance of R1204H was not enhanced. Recent studies have demonstrated that hepatic and splenic macrophages play key roles in regulating VWF clearance. Importantly, macrophage-depletion also served to markedly attenuate the enhanced clearance phenotypes associated with VWF-R1205H, VWF-R1205S and VWF-R1205C. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these novel findings demonstrate a specific and critical role for the R1205 residue in modulating macrophage-mediated clearance of VWF in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Rawley
- Haemostasis Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates the presence of a near complete biological nitrogen cycle in redox-stratified oceans during the late Archean to early Proterozoic (c. 2.5-2.0 Ga). It has been suggested that the iron (Fe)- or vanadium (V)-dependent nitrogenase rather than molybdenum (Mo)-dependent form was responsible for dinitrogen fixation during this time because oceans were depleted in Mo and rich in Fe. We evaluated this hypothesis by examining the phylogenetic relationships of proteins that are required for the biosynthesis of the active site cofactor of Mo-nitrogenase in relation to structural proteins required for Fe-, V- and Mo-nitrogenase. The results are highly suggestive that among extant nitrogen-fixing organisms for which genomic information exists, Mo-nitrogenase is unlikely to have been associated with the Last Universal Common Ancestor. Rather, the origin of Mo-nitrogenase can be traced to an ancestor of the anaerobic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens with acquisition in the bacterial domain via lateral gene transfer involving an anaerobic member of the Firmicutes. A comparison of substitution rates estimated for proteins required for the biosynthesis of the nitrogenase active site cofactor and for a set of paralogous proteins required for the biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll suggests that Nif emerged from a nitrogenase-like ancestor approximately 1.5-2.2 Ga. An origin and ensuing proliferation of Mo-nitrogenase under anoxic conditions would likely have occurred in an environment where anaerobic methanogens and Firmicutes coexisted and where Mo was at least episodically available, such as in a redox-stratified Proterozoic ocean basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Boyd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Astrobiology Biogeocatalysis Research Center, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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Abstract
Past research on Internet dependence has suggested that those who are Internet dependent spend more time on-line, use chat rooms more frequently, play MUDs more often, and web surf more than nondependent Internet users, but few studies have examined how personality characteristics interact with Internet dependence. This study investigates how Internet usage, preferences, attitudes toward the Internet, and Internet behaviors are correlated with sensation seeking. It was predicted that participants who were higher in Internet usage and Internet behaviors would be higher in sensation seeking. Results indicated that Internet dependents tended to spend more time online, use E-mail, surf the web, use chat rooms, use MUDs, and visit cybersex sites more often than nondependent Internet users. However, dependents scored significantly lower on sensation seeking, thrill and adventure seeking, and excitement seeking than nondependent Internet users. It was concluded that dependents interact with the internet using a motivation scheme dissimilar to the physical thrill and excitement that typically characterize sensation seeking archetypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lavin
- St. Bonaventure University, St. Bonaventure, NY 14778, USA.
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Mitui M, Nahas SA, Du LT, Yang Z, Lai CH, Nakamura K, Arroyo S, Scott S, Purayidom A, Concannon P, Lavin M, Gatti RA. Functional and computational assessment of missense variants in the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene: mutations with increased cancer risk. Hum Mutat 2009; 30:12-21. [PMID: 18634022 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The functional consequences of missense variants are often difficult to predict. This becomes especially relevant when DNA sequence changes are used to determine a diagnosis or prognosis. To analyze the consequences of 12 missense variants in patients with mild forms of ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), we employed site-directed mutagenesis of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) cDNA followed by stable transfections into a single A-T cell line to isolate the effects of each allele on the cellular phenotype. After induction of the transfected cells with CdCl2, we monitored for successful ATM transcription and subsequently assessed: 1) intracellular ATM protein levels; 2) ionizing radiation (IR)-induced ATM kinase activity; and 3) cellular radiosensitivity. We then calculated SIFT and PolyPhen scores for the missense changes. Nine variants produced little or no correction of the A-T cellular phenotype and were interpreted to be ATM mutations; SIFT/PolyPhen scores supported this. Three variants corrected the cellular phenotype, suggesting that they represented benign variants or polymorphisms. SIFT and PolyPhen scores supported the functional analyses for one of these variants (c.1709T>C); the other two were predicted to be "not tolerated" (c.6188G>A and c.6325T>G) and were classified as "operationally neutral." Genotype/phenotype relationships were compared: three deleterious missense variants were associated with an increased risk of cancer (c.6679C>T, c.7271T>G, and c.8494C>T). In situ mutagenesis represents an effective experimental approach for distinguishing deleterious missense mutations from benign or operationally neutral missense variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mitui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095-1732, USA
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Jarrett IS, Marx D, Covey D, Karmazin M, Lavin M, Gound T. Percentage of canals filled in apical cross sections - anin vitrostudy of seven obturation techniques. Int Endod J 2004; 37:392-8. [PMID: 15186246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2004.00821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the apical density of several obturation techniques when used in palatal roots of extracted maxillary molars. METHODOLOGY Seventy extracted molars were randomly divided into seven groups with 10 teeth each. The palatal root canals were instrumented to size 60 MAF, coated with Kerr's Pulp Canal Sealer, and obturated using one of seven techniques. The palatal roots were separated from the crowns, decalcified, and sectioned horizontally at 2 and 4 mm from the apex. The cross-sections were photographed through a microscope, the photos were analysed, and the amount of area in the canal that was obturated with gutta-percha was measured. The means for the 20 sections per group were calculated and the means were compared using mixed analysis of variance test. RESULTS Simplifill used in accordance with the manufacturer's directions and Thermafil had the greatest mean obturated area, but neither were statistically better than mechanical lateral or warm vertical compaction (WVC; Schilder Technique). Simplifill as recommended and Thermafil were statistically better than cold lateral (P = 0.0210 and 0.0433, respectively), WVC (continuous wave) (P = 0.0006 and 0.0015), and the modified Simplifill group (P = 0.0010 and 0.0012). In addition, mechanical lateral and WVC (Schilder) had statistically more obturated area than WVC (continuous wave) (P = 0.0054 and 0.0073) and modified Simplifill (P = 0.0015 and 0.0016). Cold lateral and WVC (continuous wave) had significantly more obturated area than modified Simplifill (P = 0.0040 and 0.0087). CONCLUSIONS Simplifill as recommended, Thermafil, mechanical lateral and WVC (Schilder) obturation techniques created more complete obturation using gutta-percha at the 2 and 4 mm levels than cold lateral, WVC (continuous wave), and Simplifill not used as directed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Jarrett
- Department of Surgical Specialties, University of Nebraska College of Dentistry, Lincoln, NE 68583-0740, USA
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Lavin M, Pennington RT, Klitgaard BB, Sprent JI, de Lima HC, Gasson PE. The dalbergioid legumes (Fabaceae): delimitation of a pantropical monophyletic clade. Am J Bot 2001; 88:503-533. [PMID: 11250829 DOI: 10.2307/2657116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A monophyletic pantropical group of papilionoid legumes, here referred to as the "dalbergioid" legumes, is circumscribed to include all genera previously referred to the tribes Aeschynomeneae and Adesmieae, the subtribe Bryinae of the Desmodieae, and tribe Dalbergieae except Andira, Hymenolobium, Vatairea, and Vataireopsis. This previously undetected group was discovered with phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from the chloroplast trnK (including matK) and trnL introns, and the nuclear ribosomal 5.8S and flanking internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2. All dalbergioids belong to one of three well-supported subclades, the Adesmia, Dalbergia, and Pterocarpus clades. The dalbergioid clade and its three main subclades are cryptic in the sense that they are genetically distinct but poorly, if at all, distinguished by nonmolecular data. Traditionally important taxonomic characters, such as arborescent habit, free stamens, and lomented pods, do not provide support for the major clades identified by the molecular analysis. Short shoots, glandular-based trichomes, bilabiate calyces, and aeschynomenoid root nodules, in contrast, are better indicators of relationship at this hierarchical level. The discovery of the dalbergioid clade prompted a re-analysis of root nodule structure and the subsequent finding that the aeschynomenoid root nodule is synapomorphic for the dalbergioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lavin
- Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717 USA
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Abstract
The cases of two patients who suffered severe late effects of radiotherapy are reported; each tested positive for elevated in vitro radiohypersensitivity (RHS) but negative for the ataxia-telangiectasia mutation. The first patient underwent surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for lung cancer and subsequently developed fatal myelopathy. The second patient underwent triple-modality therapy for cervical cancer and suffered highly symptomatic pelvic fibrosis. The value of the testing was that it increased the confidence in the diagnosis of radiation effects and enabled suitable treatment to proceed. An increasing role for clinical RHS testing is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Christie
- East Coast Cancer Centre, Tugun, Queensland, Australia.
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Hu JM, Lavin M, Wojciechowski MF, Sanderson MJ. Phylogenetic systematics of the tribe Millettieae (Leguminosae) based on chloroplast trnK/matK sequences and its implications for evolutionary patterns in Papilionoideae. Am J Bot 2000; 87:418-430. [PMID: 10719003 DOI: 10.2307/2656638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Millettieae and allies in the subfamily Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) were reconstructed from chloroplast trnK/matK sequences. Sixty-two accessions representing 57 traditionally recognized genera of Papilionoideae were sampled, including 27 samples from Millettieae. Phylogenies were constructed using maximum parsimony and are well resolved and supported by high bootstrap values. A well-supported "core Millettieae" clade is recognized, comprising the four large genera Millettia, Lonchocarpus, Derris, and Tephrosia. Several other small genera of Millettieae are not in the core Millettieae clade. Platycyamus is grouped with Phaseoleae (in part). Ostryocarpus, Austrosteenisia, and Dalbergiella are neither in the core Millettieae or Phaseoleae clade. These taxa, along with core Millettieae and Phaseoleae, form a monophyletic sister group to Indigofereae. Cyclolobium and Poecilanthe are close to Brongniartieae. Callerya and Wisteria belong to a large clade that includes all the legumes that lack the inverted repeat in their chloroplast genome, which confirms previous rbcL and phytochrome gene family phylogenies. The evolutionary history of four characters was examined in Millettieae and allies: the presence of canavanine, inflorescence types, the dehiscence of pods, and the presence of winged pods. trnK/matK sequence analysis suggests that the presence of a pseudoraceme or pseudopanicle and the accumulation of nonprotein amino acids are phylogenetically informative for Millettieae and allies with only a few exceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Hu
- Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 USA
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Fukao T, Yoshida T, Kaneko H, Song XQ, Tashita H, Teramoto T, Inoue R, Watters D, Lavin M, Kondo N. Immunoblot analysis for laboratory diagnosis of ataxia-telangiectasia: use of Epstein-Barr virus-transformed or phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphoblasts for detection of ATM protein. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2000; 10:36-40. [PMID: 10780798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a genetic disorder characterized by a progressive ataxia, immunodeficiency, neurological abnormalities, hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation, and predisposition to cancer. The gene responsible for A-T (ATM) has been cloned and shown to code for a 350 kDa polypeptide containing 3,056 amino acid residues. Detection of ATM mutations for laboratory diagnosis of A-T is laborious and not practical, unless there are common mutations in a population. We describe here immunoblot analysis for the detection of ATM in seven Japanese A-T patients from five families and in controls using ATM3BA antibody. ATM protein was routinely and clearly detected in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed or phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphoblasts from controls. However, it could not be detected consistently in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from controls. We also detected ATM protein in control fibroblasts, but the background was relatively higher than in control lymphoblasts. ATM protein was not detected or dramatically decreased in EBV-transformed lymphoblasts from all seven patients tested and in fibroblasts from one patient. Immunoblot analysis using EBV-transformed or PHA-stimulated lymphoblasts represents a useful approach for laboratory diagnosis for A-T. The latter is especially preferable since it takes only 3 days to obtain sufficient cells for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fukao
- Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan
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Imyanitov E, Togo A, Suspitsin E, Grigoriev M, Pozharisski K, Turkevich E, Theillet C, Lavin M, Hanson K. Somatic mutations in bilateral breast carcinomas. Eur J Cancer 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(99)81205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Liao WC, Haimovitz-Friedman A, Persaud RS, McLoughlin M, Ehleiter D, Zhang N, Gatei M, Lavin M, Kolesnick R, Fuks Z. Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated gene product inhibits DNA damage-induced apoptosis via ceramide synthase. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:17908-17. [PMID: 10364237 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.25.17908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-stranded breaks (dsb) activate surveillance systems that identify DNA damage and either initiate repair or signal cell death. Failure of cells to undergo appropriate death in response to DNA damage leads to misrepair, mutations, and neoplastic transformation. Pathways linking DNA dsb to reproductive or apoptotic death are virtually unknown. Here we report that metabolic incorporation of 125I-labeled 5-iodo-2'deoxyuridine, which produces DNA dsb, signaled de novo ceramide synthesis by post-translational activation of ceramide synthase (CS) and apoptosis. CS activation was obligatory, since fumonisin B1, a fungal pathogen that acts as a specific CS inhibitor, abrogated DNA damage-induced death. X-irradiation yielded similar results. Furthermore, inhibition of apoptosis using the peptide caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp fluoromethylketone did not affect CS activation, indicating this event is not a consequence of induction of apoptosis. ATM, the gene mutated in ataxia telangiectasia, is a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase family that constitutes the DNA damage surveillance/repair system. Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized B cell lines from six ataxia telangiectasia patients with different mutations exhibited radiation-induced CS activation, ceramide generation, and apoptosis, whereas three lines from normal patients failed to manifest these responses. Stable transfection of wild type ATM cDNA reversed these events, whereas antisense inactivation of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated gene product in normal B cells conferred the ataxia telangiectasia phenotype. We propose that one of the functions of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated gene product is to constrain activation of CS, thereby regulating DNA damage-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Liao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Blake NK, Lehfeldt BR, Lavin M, Talbert LE. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on low copy DNA sequence data in an allopolyploid: the B genome of wheat. Genome 1999; 42:351-60. [PMID: 10231966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Study of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) may help to resolve several questions related to polyploid evolution. One such question regards the possibility that the component genomes of polyploids may themselves be polyphyletic, resulting from hybridization and introgression among different polyploid species sharing a single genome. We used the B genome of wheat as a model system to test hypotheses that bear on the monophyly or polyphyly of the individual constituent genomes. By using aneuploid wheat stocks, combined with PCR-based cloning strategies, we cloned and sequenced two single-copy-DNA sequences from each of the seven chromosomes of the wheat B genome and the homologous sequences from representatives of the five diploid species in section Sitopsis previously suggested as sister groups to the B genome. Phylogenetic comparisons of sequence data suggested that the B genome of wheat underwent a genetic bottleneck and has diverged from the diploid B genome donor. The extent of genetic diversity among the Sitopsis diploids and the failure of any of the Sitopsis species to group with the wheat B genome indicated that these species have also diverged from the ancestral B genome donor. Our results support monophyly of the wheat B genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Blake
- Plant Sciences Department, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717, USA
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Karanam BV, Miller RR, Colletti A, Montgomery T, Carey KD, Hawkins T, Tang YS, Lavin M, Stearns RA, Chiu SH, Vincent SH. Disposition of L-732,531, a potent immunosuppressant, in rats and baboons. Drug Metab Dispos 1998; 26:949-57. [PMID: 9763399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
L-732,531 is a semi-synthetic analog of the macrolide tacrolimus (Prograf(R)). Like tacrolimus, L-732,531 is a potent immunosuppressant. In this study, its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion were studied in rats and baboons. In rats, its blood and plasma levels were similar, whereas in baboons, its blood levels were, on average, twice as high as those in plasma. This was consistent with the in vitro blood-to-plasma ratio of L-732, 531, which in these two species, as well as in humans, was much lower than that of tacrolimus and showed a minimal concentration dependence. After iv administration to rats, the blood and plasma clearance of L-732,531 decreased from approximately 60 ml/min/kg at 0.2 mg/kg to 30 ml/min/kg when dosed at 1 and 3 mg/kg. After oral administration, plasma area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) and maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) increased more than proportionally to the dose. At 1, 5, and 15 mg/kg, plasma AUC was 29, 466, and 2832 ng.hr/ml, respectively, and Cmax was 10, 129, and 304 ng/ml, respectively. Bioavailability, although compromised by nonlinear kinetics, was estimated to be between 8% and 18%. In baboons, the clearance of L-732,531 was lower than that in rats, especially when calculated from blood concentrations (12 ml/min/kg at 0.2 mg/kg and 8 ml/min/kg at 1 mg/kg). After oral dosing, baboon plasma AUC and Cmax were much lower than those in rats, but as in rats, they increased more than proportionally with increasing doses. The bioavailability of L-732,531 in baboons was estimated at 3%, 9%, and 24% when animals were dosed at 5, 15, and 26 mg/kg po, respectively. After oral administration of [3H]L-732,531 at 5 mg/kg, approximately 32% of the radioactivity was recovered in bile and urine of rats, compared with 9% in baboons. High-performance liquid chromatography profiles of rat and baboon plasma, bile, urine, and feces indicated that L-732,531 was metabolized extensively to a complex mixture of products. Some intact parent drug was observed in feces of orally dosed animals, indicating incomplete absorption. In vitro, L-732,531 was metabolized more extensively by baboon liver microsomes than rat or human microsomes. Its metabolism in human liver microsomes was shown to be catalyzed primarily by cytochrome P450 3A isozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Karanam
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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Lavin M. Role of the ataxia-telangiectasia gene (ATM) in breast cancer. A-T heterozygotes seem to have an increased risk but its size is unknown. BMJ 1998; 317:486-7. [PMID: 9712591 PMCID: PMC1113750 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.317.7157.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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30
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Clarke RA, Goozee GR, Birrell G, Fang ZM, Hasnain H, Lavin M, Kearsley JH. Absence of ATM truncations in patients with severe acute radiation reactions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998; 41:1021-7. [PMID: 9719111 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(98)00171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Severe acute toxicity limits the effective use of radiotherapy in patients who are radiosensitive, and it is not usually possible to identify these radiohypersensitive (R-H) individuals before treatment commences. Five such R-H patients were detected over a 3-year period. We undertook this study to determine whether the severe acute radiohypersensitivity of these five individuals showed any correlation with cellular and molecular parameters known to be abnormal in radiosensitivity-related syndromes such as ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). METHODS AND MATERIALS Lymphoblastoid cells were isolated from fresh blood from the 5 R-H individuals who had previously demonstrated clinical R-H at least 9 months prior to sampling. Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) were established to determine the extent of postradiation chromosomal aberrations, cell cycle delay, cell proliferation, and tumor suppressor p53 protein stabilization. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and protein truncation (PTT) assays were used to test for the possibility of mutations in the gene mutated in A-T, termed ATM. RESULTS LCLs derived from R-H subjects retained a significantly higher degree of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations when compared to normal control LCLs. p53 stabilization by ionizing radiation appeared normal in all but one R-H subject. There was no evidence of A-T gene truncation mutations in any of the R-H subjects tested. CONCLUSIONS All R-H subjects in this study had their cellular radiosensitivity confirmed by the chromosomal aberration assay. Delayed p53 stabilization at 4 hours postirradiation in one R-H subject suggested that different etiologies may apply in the radiohypersensitivity investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Clarke
- Division of Cancer Services, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To determine if clinical radiosensitivity in breast cancer patients is related to mutations of the ataxia telangiectasia gene (ATM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen patients who had developed a severe late reaction to a standard radiotherapy schedule were examined for evidence of increased in vitro radiosensitivity using the MTT assay. Mutation analysis was performed using a protein truncation assay. RESULTS No mutations were detected in the 15 patients despite evidence of increased in vitro radiosensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Testing for the ATM gene is unlikely to be useful for predicting clinical response to radiotherapy in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ramsay
- Queensland Radium Institute Laboratory and Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
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Abstract
The human melanoma cell lines MM96L, A2058 and HT144 were examined for sensitivity to ionizing radiation and UVB radiation. HT144 demonstrated a significant increase in sensitivity to ionizing and UVB radiation compared with the MM96L and A2058 cells. Sensitivity to both agents was associated with susceptibility to apoptosis. Using a protein truncation assay, a mutation for the gene for ataxia telangiectasia (ATM) was identified in HT144 cells. This was confirmed to be a homozygous mutation by subsequent sequencing of the abnormal region. Protein truncation assay of the other two cell lines showed no abnormality. The results suggest that somatic mutation of the A-T gene may be important in determining tumour radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ramsay
- Queensland Radium Institute - Mater Centre, South Brisbane, Australia
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Garrone B, Kedar P, Elarova I, Lavin M, Watters D. Approaches to determine the specific role of the delta isoform of protein kinase C. J Biochem Biophys Methods 1997; 36:51-61. [PMID: 9507372 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(97)00041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins from HL-60 human leukaemia cells treated with bistratene A, a specific activator of protein kinase C (PKC) delta, was performed in conjunction with sequencing in order to identify components of the signal transduction pathway of this isoform of PKC. Stathmin (oncoprotein 18) was identified in this way and the phosphorylation of this protein after treatment with bistratene A, was confirmed by Western blotting of 2D gels. Since stathmin has phosphorylation sites for mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases, cyclin dependent kinases and calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinases, it is assumed that one of these enzymes, acting downstream from PKC delta, is responsible for the phosphorylation. Another approach to determining the role of PKC delta involves the identification of interacting proteins using the yeast two hybrid screen. The sequence of nine out of ten independently isolated clones from a two hybrid screen showed perfect homology to human ribosomal protein L8. This protein has previously been shown to exist in complexes with ribosomal RNA, aminoacyl-tRNA and elongation factor-1 alpha, a known substrate of PKC delta, suggesting a role for PKC delta in protein synthesis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Garrone
- Cancer Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Royal Brisbane Hospital, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- C Womack
- Department of Clinical Audit, Peterborough Hospitals NHS Trust
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35
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Ramsay J, Birrell G, Kozlov S, Pyke C, Lavin M. 0-21. Screening for mutations in ataxia-telangiectasia gene in breast cancer patients. Breast 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(97)90602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Watters D, Khanna KK, Beamish H, Birrell G, Spring K, Kedar P, Gatei M, Stenzel D, Hobson K, Kozlov S, Zhang N, Farrell A, Ramsay J, Gatti R, Lavin M. Cellular localisation of the ataxia-telangiectasia (ATM) gene product and discrimination between mutated and normal forms. Oncogene 1997; 14:1911-21. [PMID: 9150358 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1201037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The recently cloned gene (ATM) mutated in the human genetic disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is involved in DNA damage response at different cell cycle checkpoints and also appears to have a wider role in signal transduction. Antibodies prepared against peptides from the predicted protein sequence detected a approximately 350 kDa protein corresponding to the open reading frame, which was absent in 13/23 A-T homozygotes. Subcellular fractionation, immunoelectronmicroscopy and immunofluorescence showed that the ATM protein is present in the nucleus and cytoplasmic vesicles. This distribution did not change after irradiation. We also provide evidence that ATM protein binds to p53 and this association is defective in A-T cells compatible with the defective p53 response in these cells. These results provide further support for a role for the ATM protein as a sensor of DNA damage and in a more general role in cell signalling, compatible with the broader phenotype of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Watters
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Australia
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Song Q, Lu H, Zhang N, Luckow B, Shah G, Poirier G, Lavin M. Specific cleavage of the large subunit of replication factor C in apoptosis is mediated by CPP32-like protease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 233:343-8. [PMID: 9144536 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the growing family of cysteine proteases related to the interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) is of central importance in mediating apoptosis. Proteolytic cleavage of a small group of cellular substrates by these enzymes in association with the onset of apoptosis has been reported. In the present study, we searched a protein data base for potential death substrates possessing the CPP32 cleavage site, DEVD, and identified several candidates including RFC140, the large subunit of replication factor C, which we subsequently demonstrated to be specifically cleaved in a variety of cell types undergoing apoptosis in response to different cytotoxic agents, whereas no degradation is observed in a cell line resistant to etoposide-induced apoptosis. The abrogation of RFC140 cleavage in apoptotic extracts by Ac-DEVD-CHO, a potent inhibitor of CPP32, together with the finding that a CPP32 consensus cleavage sequence, DEVD, exists in RFC140, suggests that CPP32 or a close relative is responsible for RFC140 degradation in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Song
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, University of Queensland, P.O. Royal Brisbane Hospital, Australia.
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38
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Makkawy H, Lavin M, Koka S, Ewoldsen N. PR 34 Cytotoxicity of resin modified glass ionomers on human PDL cells. J Endod 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-2399(97)80161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
A 33-yr-old African-American male with known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity underwent CT guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of an anterior mediastinal mass. The aspirate was composed of a dimorphic population of cells that included small mature lymphoid cells and scattered cohesive groups of large epithelial cells in equal numbers. The neoplasm stained strongly for low weight molecular cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), leukocyte common antigen (LCA), and Leu-7 which was consistent with a diagnosis of thymoma. Subsequent biopsies determined the neoplasm to be a malignant (invasive) thymoma. This case emphasizes the efficacy of FNA biopsy for the evaluation of anterior mediastinal masses in HIV infected individuals. Additionally, the differential cytologic diagnoses for HIV infected individuals for this anatomic site are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Fiorella
- Department of Pathology, Truman Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64118, USA
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Abstract
Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART), a recently reported field dentistry technique, involves removal of carious debris using only hand instruments and placement of a glass-ionomer cement (GIC) restoration. While small ART-GIC restorations are effective short-term replacements for lost tooth form, many larger ART-GIC restorations are defective after two years. Presently, resin-modified GICs (R-M GIC) are available which require no special activation equipment and handle easily in field settings. This study measured the compressive, tensile, and shear bond strengths to enamel and dentin of a conventional ART-GIC (Fuji IX) and two R-M GICs (Fuji Plus and Advance) at a powder-to-liquid ratio of 3.6:1. The compressive strengths of the GICs tested were significantly different. Fuji IX had the highest compressive strength, and Advance had the lowest strength (p < 0.05). The tensile strength of the R-M GICs was greater than that of the ART-GIC. Fuji Plus showed the highest shear bond strength to enamel and dentin and was significantly different from both Fuji IX and Advance. A clinical protocol is presented followed by case reports where the ART technique was used for management of acute caries in a modern dental setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ewoldsen
- Department of Adult Restorative Dentistry, UNMC College of Dentistry, Lincoln 68583-0740, USA
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Watters D, Garrone B, Gobert G, Williams S, Gardiner R, Lavin M. Bistratene A causes phosphorylation of talin and redistribution of actin microfilaments in fibroblasts: possible role for PKC-delta. Exp Cell Res 1996; 229:327-35. [PMID: 8986616 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1996.0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bistratene A is a marine toxin which induces phosphorylation of cellular proteins. Our current evidence indicates that this occurs through activation of protein kinase C-delta. In fibroblasts bistratene A causes rounding up of the cells and a rapid disappearance of vinculin staining and actin stress fibers as detected by fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Phosphorylation of the focal adhesion protein, talin, is increased after bistratene A treatment and this is inhibited by calphostin C, a specific inhibitor of PKC. No changes in the phosphorylation status of vinculin, tubulin, or vimentin were observed in the presence of the toxin. Treatment with bistratene A caused a redistribution of PKC-delta from cytosolic and membrane compartments to the nuclear fraction. There was no effect on the subcellular distribution of any other PKC isoform. These results demonstrate that phosphorylation of talin is implicated in the disruption of actin microfilaments in fibroblasts by bistratene A and that this is most likely mediated by PKC-delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Watters
- Queensland Cancer Fund Research Unit, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, 4029, Australia.
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Carroll T, Lavin M, Muldoon K, Williams M, Kelly MA. Partners in powersharing--the role of midwives in information technology. Stud Health Technol Inform 1996; 46:215-9. [PMID: 10175400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The contribution which midwives can make to the successful implementation of information systems is described. Issues such as Change Management, Quality, Benefits Realisation, and Public Relations are discussed. Damage limitation in the information age is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Carroll
- Department of Information Technology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin
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43
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Waterhouse N, Kumar S, Song Q, Strike P, Sparrow L, Dreyfuss G, Alnemri ES, Litwack G, Lavin M, Watters D. Heteronuclear ribonucleoproteins C1 and C2, components of the spliceosome, are specific targets of interleukin 1beta-converting enzyme-like proteases in apoptosis. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:29335-41. [PMID: 8910595 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.46.29335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis induced by a variety of agents results in the proteolytic cleavage of a number of cellular substrates by enzymes related to interleukin 1beta-converting enzyme (ICE). A small number of substrates for these enzymes have been identified to date, including enzymes involved in DNA repair processes: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and DNA-dependent protein kinase. We describe here for the first time the specific cleavage of the heteronuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) C1 and C2 in apoptotic cells induced to undergo apoptosis by a variety of stimuli, including ionizing radiation, etoposide, and ceramide. No cleavage was observed in cells that are resistant to apoptosis induced by ionizing radiation. Protease inhibitor data implicate the involvement of an ICE-like protease in the cleavage of hnRNP C. Using recombinant ICE-like proteases and purified hnRNP C proteins in vitro, we show that the C proteins are cleaved by Mch3alpha and CPP32 and, to a lesser extent, by Mch2alpha, but not by ICE, Nedd2, Tx, or the cytotoxic T-cell protease granzyme B. The results described here demonstrate that the hnRNP C proteins, abundant nuclear proteins thought to be involved in RNA splicing, belong to a critical set of protein substrates that are cleaved by ICE-like proteases during apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Waterhouse
- Queensland Cancer Fund Research Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, P. O. Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.
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45
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Beamish H, Williams R, Chen P, Khanna KK, Hobson K, Watters D, Shiloh Y, Lavin M. Rapamycin resistance in ataxia-telangiectasia. Oncogene 1996; 13:963-70. [PMID: 8806686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The gene mutated in the human genetic disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) has been described recently (Savitsky et al., 1995a) and the complete coding sequence of this gene, ATM, has been reported (Savitsky et al., 1995b). The derived amino acid sequence demonstrates significant homologies to several proteins containing a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) domain, including the yeast TOR proteins and the human protein FRAP. Since the TOR and FRAP proteins are targets for the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin, we have investigated the effects of this compound on A-T cells. We report here that 3 A-T cell lines are more resistant than control cells to rapamycin's growth inhibiting effects but were more sensitive to the PI3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin. As expected rapamycin (1 nM) inhibited the rate of exit of control cells from G1 phase but failed to perturb the progression of A-T cells. This difference in cell cycle progress after rapamycin treatment is reflected in ribosomal S6 protein kinase (p70S6k) by both a downward mobility shift on SDS-PAGE and inhibition of activity. Furthermore, the G1 phase cyclin-dependent kinase, cyclin E-cdk2, was rapidly inhibited in control cells post-treatment, whereas in A-T cells it took considerably longer to observe inhibition. There was no evidence that a GST-FKBP12 fusion protein specifically precipitated the ATM protein in the presence of rapamycin in either cell type. These results demonstrate that the ATM protein is not a direct target for rapamycin but its functional loss renders cells more resistant to this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Beamish
- Queensland Cancer Fund Research Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Australia
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46
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Telatar M, Wang Z, Udar N, Liang T, Bernatowska-Matuszkiewicz E, Lavin M, Shiloh Y, Concannon P, Good RA, Gatti RA. Ataxia-telangiectasia: mutations in ATM cDNA detected by protein-truncation screening. Am J Hum Genet 1996; 59:40-4. [PMID: 8659541 PMCID: PMC1915099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have examined the distal half of the ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) gene transcript for truncation mutations in 48 A-T affecteds. We found 21 mutations; 4 of the mutations were seen in more than one individual. Genotyping of the individuals sharing mutations, by using nearby microsatellite markers, established that three of the four groups shared common haplotypes, indicating that these were probably founder effects, not public mutations. The one public mutation was found in two American families, one of Ashkenazi Jewish background and the other not. Most truncations deleted the PI3-kinase domain, although some exceptions to this were found in patients with typical A-T phenotypes. All patients not previously known to be consanguineous were found to be compound heterozygotes when mutations could be identified--that is, normal and abnormal protein segments were seen on SDS-PAGE gels. All 48 patients gave RT-PCR products, indicating the presence of relatively stable mRNAs despite their mutations. These results suggest that few public mutations or hot spots can be expected in the A-T gene and that epidemiological studies of A-T carrier status and associated health risks will have to be designed around populations with frequent founder-effect mutations, despite the obvious limitations of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Telatar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Maddock IR, Moran A, Maher ER, Teare MD, Norman A, Payne SJ, Whitehouse R, Dodd C, Lavin M, Hartley N, Super M, Evans DG. A genetic register for von Hippel-Lindau disease. J Med Genet 1996; 33:120-7. [PMID: 8929948 PMCID: PMC1051837 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.2.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A genetic register for von Hippel-Lindau disease was set up in the north west of England in 1990. Population statistics, clinical features, age at onset, and survival of 83 people affected with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease were studied. In addition, the effectiveness of the screening programme used and the occurrence of central nervous system haemangioblastomas in the general population were examined. The diagnostic point prevalence of heterozygotes in the North Western Region was 1 center dot 18/100 000 (1/85 000) people, with an estimated birth incidence of 2 center dot 20/100 000 (1/45 500) live births. The mutation rate was estimated directly to be 1 center dot 4 x 10(-6)/gene/generation (1/714 200). The mean age at onset of first symptoms was 26 center dot 25 years, with cerebellar haemangioblastoma being the most common presenting manifestation (34 center dot 9% of cases). The mean age at diagnosis of VHL disease was 30 center dot 87 years. Overall, 50 patients (60 center dot 2%) developed a cerebellar haemangioblastoma, 34 (41 center dot 0%) a retinal angioma, 21 (25 center dot 3%) a renal cell carcinoma, 12 (14 center dot 5%) a spinal haemangioblastoma, and 12 (14 center dot 5%) a phaeochromocytoma. Mean age at diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (38 center dot 9 years) was significantly higher than that for cerebellar haemangioblastoma (30 center dot 0 years) and retinal angioma (21.1 years). Mean age at death was 40 center dot 9 years with cerebellar haemangioblastoma being the most common cause (47 center dot 7% of deaths). A total of 65 VHL manifestations were diagnosed asymptomatically following appropriate clinical and radiological screening tests, and failure to detect manifestations of VHL disease in spite of appropriate screening occurred on only two occasions. The use of DNA linkage analysis and direct mutation testing reduced the personal risk of carrying the VHL gene to below 1% in 14 people. In addition to the 83 clinically affected subjects, three obligate carriers who were considered to be lesion free in spite of extensive screening tests were identified. Fourteen percent of all CNS haemangioblastomas on the regionally based Cancer Registry were found to occur as part of VHL disease, but investigations for VHL in apparently sporadic disease appeared to be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R Maddock
- Department of Medical Genetics, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Abstract
The chromosomes of the B genome of hexaploid wheat (AABBDD) do not pair completely with those of any of the diploid species with genomes similar to B. Various biochemical and molecular analyses have suggested that each of the five diploid species in section Sitopsis of Triticum are ancestral to B. These observations have led to the hypothesis that the B genome may be polyphyletic, descending from more than one diploid ancestor. This hypothesis may account for differences between the wheat B genome and the diploids and also for variability that currently exists among different wheat accessions. In this study, we cloned and compared nucleotide sequences for three low-copy DNA fragments from the B and D genomes of several wheat accessions and from diploid relatives of the B and D genomes. Our results suggested that the amount of DNA sequence variability in wheat is low, although somewhat more variability existed in the B genome than in the D genome. The B genome of wheat was significantly diverged from all the Sitopsis diploid species, and Triticum speltoides was closer to B than to other members of this section. The D genome of wheat was very similar to that of its progenitor, Triticum tauschii. No evidence for a polyphyletic origin of the B genome was found. A more parsimonious hypothesis is that the wheat B genome diverged from its diploid ancestor after the original hybridization event occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Talbert
- Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Science, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717, USA
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Tsai FY, Wang AM, Matovich VB, Lavin M, Berberian B, Simonson TM, Yuh WT. MR staging of acute dural sinus thrombosis: correlation with venous pressure measurements and implications for treatment and prognosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995; 16:1021-9. [PMID: 7639123 PMCID: PMC8337800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To correlate parenchymal brain changes, venous sinus pressure measurements, and outcome in 29 patients with acute dural sinus thrombosis. METHODS A retrospective review of 29 patients with angiographically proved acute dural sinus thrombosis was made from January 1989 to December 1993. MR examinations were performed on either a 0.5- or 1.5-T superconductive scanner in multiple planes. Direct dural sinus venography, cerebral angiography, and MR venography were performed. Venous sinus pressure measurements were obtained in 11 of 29 patients. RESULTS We identified five distinct stages of brain parenchymal changes; each stage correlated with increasing intradural sinus pressure. The pressures measured in this study ranged from 20 to 50 mm Hg. Brain parenchymal changes were reversible up to stage III if thrombolytic treatment was performed. Beyond stage III, there were some residual changes, even after thrombolysis. All stage V patients died. CONCLUSION Acute dural sinus thrombosis leads to distinct stages of parenchymal changes, the severity of which depends on the degree of venous congestion, which, in turn, is closely related to intradural sinus pressure. As intradural sinus pressure increases, progression from mild parenchymal change to severe cerebral edema and/or hematoma may occur if thrombolysis is delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Y Tsai
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine 64108, USA
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