1
|
Kreitzman M, Eyster H, Mitchell M, Czajewska A, Keeley K, Smukler S, Sullivan N, Verster A, Chan KMA. Woody perennial polycultures in the U.S. Midwest enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Kreitzman
- Institute for Resources Environment, and Sustainability University of British Columbia 429‐2202 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Harold Eyster
- Institute for Resources Environment, and Sustainability University of British Columbia 429‐2202 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Matthew Mitchell
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems University of British Columbia 2357 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Aldona Czajewska
- Institute for Resources Environment, and Sustainability University of British Columbia 429‐2202 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems University of British Columbia 2357 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Keefe Keeley
- Savanna Institute 1360 Regent Street Madison Wisconsin 53715 USA
- Gaylord Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies University of Wisconsin‐Madison 550 North Park Street Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Sean Smukler
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems University of British Columbia 2357 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Noah Sullivan
- Institute for Resources Environment, and Sustainability University of British Columbia 429‐2202 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Adrian Verster
- Biostatistics and Modeling Division Bureau of Food Surveillance and Science Integration Food Directorate, Health Canada 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway Ottawa Ontario K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Kai M. A. Chan
- Institute for Resources Environment, and Sustainability University of British Columbia 429‐2202 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kreitzman M, Chapman M, Keeley KO, Chan KMA. Local knowledge and relational values of Midwestern woody perennial polyculture farmers can inform tree‐crop policies. People and Nature 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Kreitzman
- Institute for Resources Environment, and Sustainability University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Mollie Chapman
- Department of Geography University of Zurich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Keefe O. Keeley
- Savanna Institute Madison WI USA
- Gaylord Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Kai M. A. Chan
- Institute for Resources Environment, and Sustainability University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kreitzman M, Toensmeier E, Chan KMA, Smukler S, Ramankutty N. Perennial Staple Crops: Yields, Distribution, and Nutrition in the Global Food System. Front Sustain Food Syst 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.588988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staple crops, which have large amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, and/or fats, provide the bulk of calories in people's diets. Perennial plants, which can be productive for many years without the need for replanting, can produce staple foods and environmental benefits, but their agronomic and nutritional properties haven't been considered synthetically in comparison to annual staples. Here we offer a framework to classify perennial staple crops according to their nutritional categories and cultivation status. We assemble literature to report on the yield potential of 51 perennial staple crops, only 15 of which are well-characterized in existing global datasets. We show the extent and distribution of perennial staple crop production in relation to annual crop types, calculate the carbon stocks they hold, and analyze their nutritional content for three macronutrients and nine micronutrients. We found that most perennial staple crops are regional crops (not globally traded) that grow in the subtropics to tropics. At least one perennial staple crop in each of the five nutritional categories has yields over 2.5 t/ha, in some cases considerably higher, competitive with and in many cases exceeding those of nutritionally comparable annual staples. Perennial staple crops only comprise ~4.5% of total cropland. They hold a modest ~11.4 GtC above and below ground, less than one third of the anthropogenic carbon-equivalent emissions for the year 2018, but more than the ~9 GtC held by the same amount of annual cropland. If linear growth in land under perennial staple production continues to 2040, and replaces only annual cropland, an additional ~0.95 GtC could be sequestered. Many perennial crops also had competitive macronutrient density and yield (per unit area) compared to annual staples; moreover, specific perennial staples are abundant in specific micronutrients, indicating that they can be a nutrient-dense part of diets, unlike the most ubiquitous annual staple crops (corn, wheat, rice) that do not appear in the top 85th percentile for any of the nine micronutrients analyzed. Transition of land and diets to perennial staple crops, if judiciously managed, can provide win-win solutions for both food production and ecosystems.
Collapse
|
4
|
Rudman SM, Kreitzman M, Chan KM, Schluter D. Contemporary Evosystem Services: A Reply to Faith et al . Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 32:719-720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
5
|
Kreitzman M, Ashander J, Driscoll J, Bateman AW, Chan KMA, Lewis MA, Krkosek M. Wild Salmon Sustain the Effectiveness of Parasite Control on Salmon Farms: Conservation Implications from an Evolutionary Ecosystem Service. Conserv Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Kreitzman
- Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability; University of British Columbia; 429-2202 Main Mall (4th floor) Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Jaime Ashander
- Department of Environmental Science & Policy; University of California; One Shields Ave Davis Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - John Driscoll
- Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability; University of British Columbia; 429-2202 Main Mall (4th floor) Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Andrew W Bateman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta CW 405; Biological Sciences Bldg.; Edmonton AB T6G 2E9 Canada
- Salmon Coast Field Station; General Delivery, Simoom Sound BC V0P 1S0 Canada
| | - Kai M. A. Chan
- Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability; University of British Columbia; 429-2202 Main Mall (4th floor) Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Mark A. Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta CW 405; Biological Sciences Bldg.; Edmonton AB T6G 2E9 Canada
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences; University of Alberta; 545B CAB Edmonton AB T6G 2G1 Canada
| | - Martin Krkosek
- Salmon Coast Field Station; General Delivery, Simoom Sound BC V0P 1S0 Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; 25 Willcocks Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3B2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rudman SM, Kreitzman M, Chan KMA, Schluter D. Evosystem Services: Rapid Evolution and the Provision of Ecosystem Services. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 32:403-415. [PMID: 28336183 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Evolution is recognized as the source of all organisms, and hence many ecosystem services. However, the role that contemporary evolution might play in maintaining and enhancing specific ecosystem services has largely been overlooked. Recent advances at the interface of ecology and evolution have demonstrated how contemporary evolution can shape ecological communities and ecosystem functions. We propose a definition and quantitative criteria to study how rapid evolution affects ecosystem services (here termed contemporary evosystem services) and present plausible scenarios where such services might exist. We advocate for the direct measurement of contemporary evosystem services to improve understanding of how changing environments will alter resource availability and human well-being, and highlight the potential utility of managing rapid evolution for future ecosystem services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Rudman
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 4200-6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Maayan Kreitzman
- Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 429-2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kai M A Chan
- Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 429-2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dolph Schluter
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 4200-6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Birol I, Raymond A, Chiu R, Nip KM, Jackman SD, Kreitzman M, Docking TR, Ennis CA, Robertson AG, Karsan A. Kleat: cleavage site analysis of transcriptomes. Pac Symp Biocomput 2015:347-358. [PMID: 25592595 PMCID: PMC4350765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, alternative cleavage of 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) can affect transcript stability, transport and translation. For polyadenylated (poly(A)) transcripts, cleavage sites can be characterized with short-read sequencing using specialized library construction methods. However, for large-scale cohort studies as well as for clinical sequencing applications, it is desirable to characterize such events using RNA-seq data, as the latter are already widely applied to identify other relevant information, such as mutations, alternative splicing and chimeric transcripts. Here we describe KLEAT, an analysis tool that uses de novo assembly of RNA-seq data to characterize cleavage sites on 3' UTRs. We demonstrate the performance of KLEAT on three cell line RNA-seq libraries constructed and sequenced by the ENCODE project, and assembled using Trans-ABySS. Validating the KLEAT predictions with matched ENCODE RNA-seq and RNA-PET libraries, we show that the tool has over 90% positive predictive value when there are at least three RNA-seq reads supporting a poly(A) tail and requiring at least three RNA-PET reads mapping within 100 nucleotides as validation. We also compare the performance of KLEAT with other popular RNA-seq analysis pipelines that reconstruct 3' UTR ends, and show that it performs favourably, based on an ROC-like curve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inanç Birol
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Butterfield YS, Kreitzman M, Thiessen N, Corbett RD, Li Y, Pang J, Ma YP, Jones SJM, Birol İ. JAGuaR: junction alignments to genome for RNA-seq reads. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102398. [PMID: 25062255 PMCID: PMC4111418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
JAGuaR is an alignment protocol for RNA-seq reads that uses an extended reference to increase alignment sensitivity. It uses BWA to align reads to the genome and reference transcript models (including annotated exon-exon junctions) specifically allowing for the possibility of a single read spanning multiple exons. Reads aligned to the transcript models are then re-mapped on to genomic coordinates, transforming alignments that span multiple exons into large-gapped alignments on the genome. While JAGuaR does not detect novel junctions, we demonstrate how JAGuaR generates fast and accurate transcriptome alignments, which allows for both sensitive and specific SNV calling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maayan Kreitzman
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nina Thiessen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Yisu Li
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Johnson Pang
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yussanne P. Ma
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - İnanç Birol
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|