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Kaushik D, Kaur A, Patil MT, Sihag B, Piplani S, Sakala I, Honda-Okubo Y, Ramakrishnan S, Petrovsky N, Salunke DB. Structure-Activity Relationships toward the Identification of a High-Potency Selective Human Toll-like Receptor-7 Agonist. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38741265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 agonists are immunostimulatory vaccine adjuvants. A systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of TLR7-active 1-benzyl-2-butyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine led to the identification of a potent hTLR7-specific p-hydroxymethyl IMDQ 23 with an EC50 value of 0.22 μM. The SAR investigation also resulted in the identification of TLR7 selective carboxamide 12 with EC50 values of 0.32 μM for hTLR7 and 18.25 μM for hTLR8. In the vaccination study, TLR7-specific compound 23 alone or combined with alum (aluminum hydroxide wet gel) showed adjuvant activity for a spike protein immunogen in mice, with enhanced anti-spike antibody production. Interestingly, the adjuvant system comprising carboxamide 12 and alum showed prominent adjuvant activity with high levels of IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2c in immunized mice, confirming a balanced Th1/Th2 response. In the absence of any apparent toxicity, the TLR7 selective agonists in combination with alum may make a suitable vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepender Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Arshpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Madhuri T Patil
- Mehr Chand Mahajan DAV College for Women, Sector 36A, Chandigarh 160 036, India
| | - Binita Sihag
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sakshi Piplani
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, South Australia 5046, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Isaac Sakala
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, South Australia 5046, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Yoshikazu Honda-Okubo
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, South Australia 5046, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | | | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, South Australia 5046, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
- National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccines, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials (NICOVIA), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
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2
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Kamboj A, Patil MT, Petrovsky N, Salunke DB. Structure-activity relationship in NOD2 agonistic muramyl dipeptides. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116439. [PMID: 38691886 PMCID: PMC11099613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) is a receptor of the innate immune system that is capable of perceiving bacterial and viral infections. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP, N-acetyl muramyl L-alanyl-d-isoglutamine), identified as the minimal immunologically active component of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (PGN) is recognized by NOD2. In terms of biological activities, MDP demonstrated vaccine adjuvant activity and stimulated non-specific protection against bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections and cancer. However, MDP has certain drawbacks including pyrogenicity, rapid elimination, and lack of oral bioavailability. Several detailed structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies around MDP scaffolds are being carried out to identify better NOD2 ligands. The present review elaborates a comprehensive SAR summarizing structural aspects of MDP derivatives in relation to NOD2 agonistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarzoo Kamboj
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Madhuri T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Mehr Chand Mahajan DAV College for Women, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Warradale, Australia; Australian Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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3
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Singh R, Kumar R, Roy A, Behera PM, Atri AK, Kumar K, Manna D, Dixit A, Patil MT, Mankamna Kumari R, Nimesh S, Salunke DB. Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole based indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitor: Structure based design, synthesis, bio-evaluation and docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 96:129532. [PMID: 37866714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an immunomodulatory enzyme known to catalyse the initial and rate limiting step of kynurenine pathway of l-tryptophan metabolism. IDO1 enzyme over expression plays a crucial role in progression of cancer, malaria, multiple sclerosis and other life-threatening diseases. Several efforts over the last two decades have been invested by the researchers for the discovery of different IDO1 inhibitors and the plasticity of the IDO1 enzyme ligand binding pocket provide ample opportunities to develop new heterocyclic scaffolds targeting this enzyme. In the present work, based on the X-ray crystal structure of human IDO1 coordinated with few ligands, we designed and synthesized new fused heterocyclic compounds and evaluated their potential human IDO1 inhibitory activity (compound 30 and 41 showed IC50 values of 23 and 13 µM, respectively). The identified HITs were observed to be non-toxic to HEK293 cells at 100 µM concentration. The observed activity of the synthesized compounds was correlated with the specific interactions of their structures at the enzyme pocket using docking studies. A detailed analysis of docking results of the synthesized analogues as well as selected known IDO1 inhibitors revealed that most of the inhibitors have some reasonable docking scores in at least two crystal structures and have similar orientation as that of co-crystal ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ashalata Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Pabitra Mohan Behera
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Ankit K Atri
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kushvinder Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Debasis Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Anshuman Dixit
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Madhuri T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Mehr Chand Mahajan DAV College for Women, Chandigarh 160 036, India
| | - R Mankamna Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305 801, India
| | - Surendra Nimesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305 801, India
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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4
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Kumar R, Singh R, das Chagas Almeida A, da Trindade Granato J, de Oliveira Lemos AS, Kumar K, Patil MT, da Silva AD, Rode AB, Coimbra ES, Salunke DB. Imidazo[1,2- a]pyrimidine as a New Antileishmanial Pharmacophore against Leishmania amazonensis Promastigotes and Amastigotes. ACS Omega 2023; 8:40613-40621. [PMID: 37929127 PMCID: PMC10621021 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania poses a substantial threat to the human population all over the globe because of its visceral and cutaneous spread engendered by all 20 species. Unfortunately, the available drugs against leishmania are already hobbled with toxicity, prolonged treatment, and increasing instances of acquirement of resistance. Under these grave circumstances, the development of new drugs has become imperative to keep these harmful microbes at bay. To this end, a Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé multicomponent reaction-based library of different imidazo-fused heterocycles has been synthesized and screened against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and amastigotes. Among the library compounds, the imidazo-pyrimidine 24 has been found to be the most effective (inhibitory concentration of 50% (IC50) < 10 μM), with selective antileishmanial activity on amastigote forms, a stage of the parasite related to human disease. The compound 24 has exhibited an IC50 value of 6.63 μM, being ∼two times more active than miltefosine, a reference drug. Furthermore, this compound is >10 times more destructive to the intracellular parasites than host cells. The observed in vitro antileishmanial activity along with suitable in silico physicochemical and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties of compound 24 reinforce the imidazo-pyrimidine scaffold as a new antileishmanial pharmacophore and encourage further murine experimental leishmaniasis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Ayla das Chagas Almeida
- Department
of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological
Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de
Fora, Juiz de
Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Trindade Granato
- Department
of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological
Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de
Fora, Juiz de
Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Ari Sérgio de Oliveira Lemos
- Department
of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological
Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de
Fora, Juiz de
Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Kushvinder Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Madhuri T. Patil
- Mehr
Chand Mahajan DAV College for Women, Sector 36, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Adilson D. da Silva
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Exacts Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Ambadas B. Rode
- Regional
Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science
Cluster, third Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad - 121 001, India
| | - Elaine S. Coimbra
- Department
of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological
Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de
Fora, Juiz de
Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Deepak B. Salunke
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
- National
Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutic and Antimicrobials, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
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5
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Kumar S, Patil MT, Salunke DB. Indole based prostate cancer agents. Physical Sciences Reviews 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer weakens the immune system which fails to fight against the rapidly growing cells. Among the various types of cancers, prostate cancer (PCa) is causing greater number of deaths in men after lung cancer, demanding advancement to prevent, detect and treat PCa. Several small molecule heterocycles and few peptides are being used as oncological drugs targeting PCa. Heterocycles are playing crucial role in the development of novel cancer chemotherapeutics as well as immunotherapeutics. Indole skeleton, being a privileged structure has been extensively used for the discovery of novel anticancer agents and the application of indole derivatives against breast cancer is well documented. The present article highlights the usefulness of indole linked heterocyclic compounds as well as the fused indole derivatives against prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry , Panjab University , Chandigarh , 160014 , India
- Department of Chemistry , J. C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA , Faridabad 121006 , Haryana , India
| | - Madhuri T. Patil
- Mehr Chand Mahajan DAV College for Women , Sector 36A , Chandigarh 160036 , India
| | - Deepak B. Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry , Panjab University , Chandigarh , 160014 , India
- National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials , Panjab University , Chandigarh 160014 , India
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Singh R, Kumar R, Kaur M, Patil MT, Sahoo SC, Salunke DB. Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé
multicomponent reaction coupled with unconventional
Pictet–Spengler
cyclization for the synthesis of imidazo[4,5‐
b
]pyridine fused polycyclic heterocycles. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh India
| | - Madhuri T. Patil
- Department of Chemistry Mehr Chand Mahajan DAV College for Women Chandigarh India
| | - Subash Chandra Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh India
| | - Deepak B. Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh India
- National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials Panjab University Chandigarh India
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7
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Singh R, Kumar S, Patil MT, Sun C, Salunke DB. Post‐Pictet‐Spengler Cyclization (PPSC): A Strategy to Synthesize Polycyclic β‐Carboline‐Derived Natural Products and Biologically Active N‐Heterocycles. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Madhuri T. Patil
- Mehr Chand Mahajan DAV College for Women, Sector 36 Chandigarh 160036 India
| | - Chung‐Ming Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Chiao-Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807-08 Taiwan
| | - Deepak B. Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
- National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
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8
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Kaushik D, Dhingra S, Patil MT, Piplani S, Khanna V, Honda-Okubo Y, Li L, Fung J, Sakala IG, Salunke DB, Petrovsky N. BBIQ, a pure TLR7 agonist, is an effective influenza vaccine adjuvant. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:1989-1996. [PMID: 32298200 PMCID: PMC7482670 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1710409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Better adjuvants are needed for vaccines against seasonal influenza. TLR7 agonists are potent activators of innate immune responses and thereby may be promising adjuvants. Among the imidazoquinoline compounds, 1-benzyl-2-butyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine (BBIQ) was reported to be a highly active TLR7 agonist but has remained relatively unexplored because of its commercial unavailability. Indeed, in silico molecular modeling studies predicted that BBIQ had a higher TLR7 docking score and binding free energy than imiquimod, the gold standard TLR7 agonist. To circumvent the availability issue, we developed an improved and higher yield method to synthesize BBIQ. Testing BBIQ on human and mouse TLR7 reporter cell lines confirmed it to be TLR7 specific with significantly higher potency than imiquimod. To test its adjuvant potential, BBIQ or imiquimod were admixed with recombinant influenza hemagglutinin protein and administered to mice as two intramuscular immunizations 2 weeks apart. Serum anti-influenza IgG responses assessed by ELISA 2 weeks after the second immunization confirmed that the mice that received vaccine admixed with BBIQ had significantly higher anti-influenza IgG1 and IgG2c responses than mice immunized with antigen alone or admixed with imiquimod. This confirmed BBIQ to be a TLR7-specific adjuvant able to enhance humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepender Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University , Chandigarh, India
| | - Simran Dhingra
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University , Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhuri T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Mehr Chand Mahajan DAV College for Women , Chandigarh, India
| | - Sakshi Piplani
- Vaxine Pty Ltd , Warradale, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Varun Khanna
- Vaxine Pty Ltd , Warradale, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yoshikazu Honda-Okubo
- Vaxine Pty Ltd , Warradale, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lei Li
- Vaxine Pty Ltd , Warradale, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University , Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Isaac G Sakala
- Vaxine Pty Ltd , Warradale, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University , Chandigarh, India.,National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials (NICOVIA), Panjab University , Chandigarh, India
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd , Warradale, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University , Adelaide, Australia
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Kaur A, Poonam P, Patil MT, Mehta SK, Salunke DB. An efficient and scalable synthesis of potent TLR2 agonistic PAM2CSK4. RSC Adv 2018; 8:9587-9596. [PMID: 35540846 PMCID: PMC9078680 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01387j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylated PAM2CSK4, a highly expensive lipopeptide with desirable aqueous solubility and a broad spectrum of cytokine/chemokine induction is a most potent dual (human and murine) Toll-Like Receptor-2 (TLR2) agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh 160014
- India
| | - Poonam Poonam
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh 160014
- India
| | - Madhuri T. Patil
- Department of Chemistry
- Mehr Chand Mahajan DAV College for Women
- Chandigarh 160036
- India
| | - Surinder K. Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh 160014
- India
| | - Deepak B. Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh 160014
- India
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10
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Krishnaswamy S, Patil MT, Shashidhar MS. Comparison of racemic epi-inosose and (-)-epi-inosose. Acta Crystallogr C 2011; 67:o435-8. [PMID: 22051958 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270111039412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of myo-inositol to epi-inositol can be achieved by the hydride reduction of an intermediate epi-inosose derived from myo-inositol. (-)-epi-Inosose, (I), crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2(1), with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit [Hosomi et al. (2000). Acta Cryst. C56, e584-e585]. On the other hand, (2RS,3SR,5SR,6SR)-epi-inosose, C(6)H(10)O(6), (II), crystallized in the orthorhombic space group Pca2(1). Interestingly, the conformation of the molecules in the two structures is nearly the same, the only difference being the orientation of the C-3 and C-4 hydroxy H atoms. As a result, the molecular organization achieved mainly through strong O-H···O hydrogen bonding in the racemic and homochiral lattices is similar. The compound also follows Wallach's rule, in that the racemic crystals are denser than the optically active form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhana Krishnaswamy
- Centre for Materials Characterization, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India.
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11
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Patil MT, Krishnaswamy S, Sarmah MP, Shashidhar MS. Protecting group directed stereoselective reduction of an epi-inosose: efficient synthesis of epi-inositol. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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