1
|
Valtolina C, Vaandrager AB, Favier RP, Tuohetahuntila M, Kummeling A, Jeusette I, Rothuizen J, Robben JH. Sex specific differences in hepatic and plasma lipid profiles in healthy cats pre and post spaying and neutering: relationship with feline hepatic lipidosis. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:231. [PMID: 28789691 PMCID: PMC5549355 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A link between lipid metabolism and disease has been recognized in cats. Since hepatic lipidosis is a frequent disorder in cats, the aim of the current study was to evaluate liver and plasma lipid dimorphism in healthy cats and the effects of gonadectomy on lipid profiling. From six female and six male cats plasma and liver lipid profiles before and after spaying/neutering were assessed and compared to five cats (three neutered male and two spayed female) diagnosed with hepatic lipidosis. RESULTS Intact female cats had a significantly lower level of plasma triacylglycerides (TAG) and a higher liver level of the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA) compared to their neutered state. Both male and female cats with lipidosis had a higher liver, but not plasma TAG level and an increased level of plasma and liver sphingomyelin compared to the healthy cats. CONCLUSION Although lipid dimorphism in healthy cats resembles that of other species, intact female cats show differences in metabolic configuration that could predispose them to develop hepatic lipidosis. The increased sphingomyelin levels in cats with lipidosis could suggest a potential role in the pathogenesis of hepatic lipidosis in cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Valtolina
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Arie B Vaandrager
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P Favier
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maidina Tuohetahuntila
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Kummeling
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Jeusette
- Research and Development, Affinity Petcare, Pl. Xavier Cugat, 2 Edificio D, 3ª, Planta, 08174 St. Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris H Robben
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tuohetahuntila M, Molenaar MR, Spee B, Brouwers JF, Wubbolts R, Houweling M, Yan C, Du H, VanderVen BC, Vaandrager AB, Helms JB. Lysosome-mediated degradation of a distinct pool of lipid droplets during hepatic stellate cell activation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12436-12448. [PMID: 28615446 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.778472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a critical step in the development of liver fibrosis. During activation, HSCs lose their lipid droplets (LDs) containing triacylglycerols (TAGs), cholesteryl esters, and retinyl esters (REs). We previously provided evidence for the presence of two distinct LD pools, a preexisting and a dynamic LD pool. Here we investigate the mechanisms of neutral lipid metabolism in the preexisting LD pool. To investigate the involvement of lysosomal degradation of neutral lipids, we studied the effect of lalistat, a specific lysosomal acid lipase (LAL/Lipa) inhibitor on LD degradation in HSCs during activation in vitro The LAL inhibitor increased the levels of TAG, cholesteryl ester, and RE in both rat and mouse HSCs. Lalistat was less potent in inhibiting the degradation of newly synthesized TAG species as compared with a more general lipase inhibitor orlistat. Lalistat also induced the presence of RE-containing LDs in an acidic compartment. However, targeted deletion of the Lipa gene in mice decreased the liver levels of RE, most likely as the result of a gradual disappearance of HSCs in livers of Lipa-/- mice. Lalistat partially inhibited the induction of activation marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in rat and mouse HSCs. Our data suggest that LAL/Lipa is involved in the degradation of a specific preexisting pool of LDs and that inhibition of this pathway attenuates HSC activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maidina Tuohetahuntila
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn R Molenaar
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos F Brouwers
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Wubbolts
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Houweling
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cong Yan
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Hong Du
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Brian C VanderVen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, C5 181 Veterinary Medicine Center, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Arie B Vaandrager
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Bernd Helms
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tuohetahuntila M, Molenaar MR, Spee B, Brouwers JF, Houweling M, Vaandrager AB, Helms JB. ATGL and DGAT1 are involved in the turnover of newly synthesized triacylglycerols in hepatic stellate cells. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1162-74. [PMID: 27179362 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m066415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is a critical step in the development of chronic liver disease. During activation, HSCs lose their lipid droplets (LDs) containing triacylglycerol (TAG), cholesteryl esters (CEs), and retinyl esters (REs). Here we aimed to investigate which enzymes are involved in LD turnover in HSCs during activation in vitro. Targeted deletion of the Atgl gene in mice HSCs had little effect on the decrease of the overall TAG, CE, and RE levels during activation. However, ATGL-deficient HSCs specifically accumulated TAG species enriched in PUFAs and degraded new TAG species more slowly. TAG synthesis and levels of PUFA-TAGs were lowered by the diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)1 inhibitor, T863. The lipase inhibitor, Atglistatin, increased the levels of TAG in both WT and ATGL-deficient mouse HSCs. Both Atglistatin and T863 inhibited the induction of activation marker, α-smooth muscle actin, in rat HSCs, but not in mouse HSCs. Compared with mouse HSCs, rat HSCs have a higher turnover of new TAGs, and Atglistatin and the DGAT1 inhibitor, T863, were more effective. Our data suggest that ATGL preferentially degrades newly synthesized TAGs, synthesized by DGAT1, and is less involved in the breakdown of preexisting TAGs and REs in HSCs. Furthermore a large change in TAG levels has modest effect on rat HSC activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maidina Tuohetahuntila
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn R Molenaar
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos F Brouwers
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Houweling
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arie B Vaandrager
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Bernd Helms
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Valtolina C, Vaandrager AB, Favier RP, Robben JH, Tuohetahuntila M, Kummeling A, Jeusette I, Rothuizen J. No up-regulation of the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase pathway and choline production by sex hormones in cats. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:280. [PMID: 26552767 PMCID: PMC4640414 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline hepatic lipidosis (FHL) is a common cholestatic disease affecting cats of any breed, age and sex. Both choline deficiency and low hepatic phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) activity are associated with hepatic lipidosis (HL) in humans, mice and rats. The PEMT expression is known to be upregulated by oestrogens, protecting the females in these species from the development of HL when exposed to choline deficient diets. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of sex hormones on choline synthesis via the PEMT pathway in healthy male and female cats before and after spaying/neutering, when fed a diet with recommended dietary choline content. RESULTS From six female and six male cats PEMT activity was assayed directly in liver biopsies taken before and after spaying/neutering, and assessed indirectly by analyses of PEMT-specific hepatic phosphatidylcholine (PC) species and plasma choline levels. Hepatic PEMT activity did not differ between intact female and male cats and no changes upon spaying/neutering were observed. Likewise, no significant differences in liver PC content and PEMT-specific polyunsaturated PC species were found between the sexes and before or after spaying/neutering. CONCLUSION These results suggest that choline synthesis in cats differs from what is observed in humans, mice and rats. The lack of evident influence of sex hormones on the PEMT pathway makes it unlikely that spaying/neutering predisposes cats for HL by causing PC deficiency as suggested in other species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Valtolina
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Arie B Vaandrager
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert P Favier
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Joris H Robben
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Maidina Tuohetahuntila
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Anne Kummeling
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Isabelle Jeusette
- Research and Development, Affinity Petcare, Pl. Xavier Cugat, 2 Edificio D, 3ª, Planta, 08174 St. Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tuohetahuntila M, Spee B, Kruitwagen HS, Wubbolts R, Brouwers JF, van de Lest CH, Molenaar MR, Houweling M, Helms JB, Vaandrager AB. Role of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 in formation of polyunsaturated lipid species in hepatic stellate cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:220-30. [PMID: 25500141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is a critical step in the development of chronic liver disease. We previously observed that the levels of triacylglycerol (TAG) species containing long polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are increased in in vitro activated HSCs. Here we investigated the cause and consequences of the rise in PUFA-TAGs by profiling enzymes involved in PUFA incorporation. We report that acyl CoA synthetase (ACSL) type 4, which has a preference for PUFAs, is the only upregulated ACSL family member in activated HSCs. Inhibition of the activity of ACSL4 by siRNA-mediated knockdown or addition of rosiglitazone specifically inhibited the incorporation of deuterated arachidonic acid (AA-d8) into TAG in HSCs. In agreement with this, ACSL4 was found to be partially localized around lipid droplets (LDs) in HSCs. Inhibition of ACSL4 also prevented the large increase in PUFA-TAGs in HSCs upon activation and to a lesser extent the increase of arachidonate-containing phosphatidylcholine species. Inhibition of ACSL4 by rosiglitazone was associated with an inhibition of HSC activation and prostaglandin secretion. Our combined data show that upregulation of ACSL4 is responsible for the increase in PUFA-TAG species during activation of HSCs, which may serve to protect cells against a shortage of PUFAs required for eicosanoid secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maidina Tuohetahuntila
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hedwig S Kruitwagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Richard Wubbolts
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos F Brouwers
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Chris H van de Lest
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Martijn R Molenaar
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin Houweling
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - J Bernd Helms
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Arie B Vaandrager
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kaoud TS, Yan C, Mitra S, Tseng CC, Jose J, Taliaferro JM, Tuohetahuntila M, Devkota A, Sammons R, Park J, Park H, Shi Y, Hong J, Ren P, Dalby KN. From in Silico Discovery to intra-Cellular Activity: Targeting JNK-Protein Interactions with Small Molecules. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:721-725. [PMID: 23002419 DOI: 10.1021/ml300129b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The JNK-JIP1 interaction represents an attractive target for the selective inhibition of JNK-mediated signaling. We report a virtual screening (VS) workflow, based on a combination of three-dimensional shape and electrostatic similarity to discover novel scaffolds for the development of non-ATP competitive inhibitors of JNK targeting the JNK-JIP interaction. Of 352 (0.13%) compounds selected from the NCI diversity set more than 22% registered as hits in a biochemical kinase assay. Several compounds discovered to inhibit JNK activity under standard kinase assay conditions also impeded JNK activity in HEK293 cells. These studies led to the discovery that the lignan (-)-zuonin A inhibits JNK-protein interactions with a selectivity of 100-fold over ERK2 and p38 MAPKα. These results demonstrate the utility of a virtual screening protocol to identify novel scaffolds for highly selective, cell-permeable inhibitors of JNK-protein interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shreya Mitra
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030,
United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Heekwang Park
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina 27708, United
States
| | | | - Jiyong Hong
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina 27708, United
States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee HS, Ma H, Tuohetahuntila M, Tachibana M, Sparman M, Masterson K, Ramsey C, Mitalipov SM. Mitochondrial DNA Replacement in Primate Female Germ Line. Biol Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/85.s1.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|