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Georgiades M, Alampounti A, Somers J, Su MP, Ellis DA, Bagi J, Terrazas-Duque D, Tytheridge S, Ntabaliba W, Moore S, Albert JT, Andrés M. Hearing of malaria mosquitoes is modulated by a beta-adrenergic-like octopamine receptor which serves as insecticide target. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4338. [PMID: 37468470 PMCID: PMC10356864 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria mosquitoes acoustically detect their mating partners within large swarms that form transiently at dusk. Indeed, male malaria mosquitoes preferably respond to female flight tones during swarm time. This phenomenon implies a sophisticated context- and time-dependent modulation of mosquito audition, the mechanisms of which are largely unknown. Using transcriptomics, we identify a complex network of candidate neuromodulators regulating mosquito hearing in the species Anopheles gambiae. Among them, octopamine stands out as an auditory modulator during swarm time. In-depth analysis of octopamine auditory function shows that it affects the mosquito ear on multiple levels: it modulates the tuning and stiffness of the flagellar sound receiver and controls the erection of antennal fibrillae. We show that two α- and β-adrenergic-like octopamine receptors drive octopamine's auditory roles and demonstrate that the octopaminergic auditory control system can be targeted by insecticides. Our findings highlight octopamine as key for mosquito hearing and mating partner detection and as a potential novel target for mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Georgiades
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Alexandros Alampounti
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jason Somers
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Matthew P Su
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - David A Ellis
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Judit Bagi
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Scott Tytheridge
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Watson Ntabaliba
- Vector Control Product Testing Unit (VCPTU), Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Sarah Moore
- Vector Control Product Testing Unit (VCPTU), Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, PO Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001, Basel, Switzerland
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P.O. Box 447, Tengeru, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Joerg T Albert
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Sensory Physiology & Behaviour Group, Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl Von Ossietzky Str. 9-11, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Marta Andrés
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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Su MP, Andrés M, Georgiades M, Bagi J, Albert JT. Acoustic Physiology in Mosquitoes. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2023; 2023:107685-pdb.top. [PMID: 36223985 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top107685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The acoustic physiology of mosquitoes is perhaps the most complex within the entire insect class. Past research has uncovered several of its-sometimes stunningly unconventional-principles, but many mysteries remain. Their solution necessitates a concerted transdisciplinary effort to successfully link the neuroanatomical and biophysical properties of mosquito flagellar ears to the behavioral ecology of entire mosquito populations. Neuroanatomically, mosquito ears can rival those of humans in both complexity and sheer size. The approximately 16,000 auditory hair cells within the human organ of Corti, for example, are matched by the approximately 16,000 auditory neurons in the Johnston's organ of a male Anopheles mosquito. Both human and mosquito ears receive very extensive efferent innervation, which modulates their function in ways that are as yet poorly understood. Different populations of neuronal and nonneuronal cell types divide the labor of the mosquito ear amongst themselves. Yet, what exactly this labor is, and how it is achieved, is at best vaguely known. For the majority of mosquitoes, biologically relevant sounds are inextricably linked to their flight tones. Either these flight tones are (directly) the sounds of interest or they contribute (indirectly) to the production of audible sound through a process called nonlinear distortion. Finally, male ears can generate tones themselves: The generation of an internal "phantom copy" of a female flight tone (or self-sustained oscillation) is believed to aid the male hearing process. Here, we introduce protocols that target the mosquitoes' auditory neuroanatomy, electrophysiology, and behavior to help shed light on some of these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Su
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Marta Andrés
- Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Marcos Georgiades
- Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Judit Bagi
- Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Joerg T Albert
- Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
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Georgiades M, Albert JT. Recording and Extraction of Mosquito Flight Tones. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2023; 2023:108011-pdb.prot. [PMID: 36223986 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot108011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the artificial conditions, flight tone recordings taken from tethered mosquitoes can provide valuable information on the acoustic signals produced by male and female mosquitoes. Although auditory responsiveness appears to be largely (and possibly exclusively) restricted to males, the flight tones of both sexes have sensory-ecological relevance, as it is the mixing of the two tones that produces audibility in males and thereby facilitates reproduction. This protocol describes how to record wing flapping from mounted mosquitoes and how to estimate wingbeat frequencies from those recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Georgiades
- Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Joerg T Albert
- Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
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Georgiades M, Albert JT. Mosquito Phonotaxis Assay. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2022; 2023:108012-pdb.prot. [PMID: 36223990 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot108012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Phonotaxis experiments can provide information on the spectrum of sounds relevant to mosquito acoustic behaviors. It is widely known that males of disease-transmitting species are attracted to tones with frequencies resembling the wingbeat frequencies of their conspecific females. Thus, phonotaxis experiments can be coupled with wingbeat frequency measurements to inform the development of vector control tools such as acoustic traps and lures. This protocol describes how to set up and execute a phonotaxis experiment.
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Somers J, Georgiades M, Su MP, Bagi J, Andrés M, Alampounti A, Mills G, Ntabaliba W, Moore SJ, Spaccapelo R, Albert JT. Hitting the right note at the right time: Circadian control of audibility in Anopheles mosquito mating swarms is mediated by flight tones. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabl4844. [PMID: 35020428 PMCID: PMC8754303 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl4844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mating swarms of malaria mosquitoes form every day at sunset throughout the tropical world. They typically last less than 30 minutes. Activity must thus be highly synchronized between the sexes. Moreover, males must identify the few sporadically entering females by detecting the females’ faint flight tones. We show that the Anopheles circadian clock not only ensures a tight synchrony of male and female activity but also helps sharpen the males’ acoustic detection system: By raising their flight tones to 1.5 times the female flight tone, males enhance the audibility of females, specifically at swarm time. Previously reported “harmonic convergence” events are only a random by-product of the mosquitoes’ flight tone variance and not a signature of acoustic interaction between males and females. The flight tones of individual mosquitoes occupy narrow, partly non-overlapping frequency ranges, suggesting that the audibility of individual females varies across males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Somers
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8EE, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Marcos Georgiades
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8EE, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Matthew P. Su
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8EE, UK
- Division of Biological Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Judit Bagi
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8EE, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Marta Andrés
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8EE, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Alexandros Alampounti
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8EE, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gordon Mills
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Watson Ntabaliba
- Vector Control Product Testing Unit, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Sarah J. Moore
- Vector Control Product Testing Unit, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, Basel 4051, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Spaccapelo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centro Universitario di Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale (C.U.R.Ge.F), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie (CIB) Trieste, Italy
| | - Joerg T. Albert
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8EE, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Corresponding author.
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Su MP, Georgiades M, Bagi J, Kyrou K, Crisanti A, Albert JT. Assessing the acoustic behaviour of Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) dsxF mutants: implications for vector control. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:507. [PMID: 33028410 PMCID: PMC7539510 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Release of gene-drive mutants to suppress Anopheles mosquito reproduction is a promising method of malaria control. However, many scientific, regulatory and ethical questions remain before transgenic mosquitoes can be utilised in the field. At a behavioural level, gene-drive carrying mutants should be at least as sexually attractive as the wildtype populations they compete against, with a key element of Anopheles copulation being acoustic courtship. We analysed sound emissions and acoustic preference in a doublesex mutant previously used to collapse Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) cages. METHODS Anopheles rely on flight tones produced by the beating of their wings for acoustic mating communication. We assessed the impact of disrupting a female-specific isoform of the doublesex gene (dsxF) on the wing beat frequency (WBF; measured as flight tone) of males (XY) and females (XX) in homozygous dsxF- mutants (dsxF-/-), heterozygous dsxF- carriers (dsxF+/-) and G3 dsxF+ controls (dsxF+/+). To exclude non-genetic influences, we controlled for temperature and wing length. We used a phonotaxis assay to test the acoustic preferences of mutant and control mosquitoes. RESULTS A previous study showed an altered phenotype only for dsxF-/- females, who appear intersex, suggesting that the female-specific dsxF allele is haplosufficient. We identified significant, dose-dependent increases in the WBF of both dsxF-/- and dsxF+/- females compared to dsxF+/+ females. All female WBFs remained significantly lower than male equivalents, though. Males showed stronger phonotactic responses to the WBFs of control dsxF+/+ females than to those of dsxF+/- and dsxF-/- females. We found no evidence of phonotaxis in any female genotype. No male genotypes displayed any deviations from controls. CONCLUSIONS A prerequisite for anopheline copulation is the phonotactic attraction of males towards female flight tones within mating swarms. Reductions in mutant acoustic attractiveness diminish their mating efficiency and thus the efficacy of population control efforts. Caged population assessments may not successfully reproduce natural mating scenarios. We propose to amend existing testing protocols to better reflect competition between mutants and target populations. Our findings confirm that dsxF disruption has no effect on males; for some phenotypic traits, such as female WBFs, the effects of dsxF appear dose-dependent rather than haplosufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Su
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Grays Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.,Division of Biological Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Marcos Georgiades
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Grays Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Judit Bagi
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Grays Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Kyros Kyrou
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Crisanti
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Joerg T Albert
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Grays Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK. .,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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Sanni A, Shimotake L, Narvaez F, Georgiades M, Basa J, Alfonso A. Morbid Obesity and Compressive Nodular Goiters- A Single Center Experience. J Surg Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.11.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Georgiades M, Schwartzman A, Stahura B, Zenilman M. Acute Care Surgery Program At An Academic Medical Center. J Surg Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Georgiades M, Katsiamanis D, Grigoriadis D, Stathakis J. [Evaluation of remission of manic symptoms after treatment with antipsychotics]. Psychiatriki 2007; 18:59-66. [PMID: 22466430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the progress of patients hospitalized with bipolar disorder I (BP-I) at onset in manic episode, who were treated with antipsychotic drugs. The aims of the study were to estimate the time point shift where the patients show an improvement of manic symptoms and its behaviour characteristics, in relevance to the administered equivalent daily doses of antipsychotic drugs. The equivalent dose between antipsychotic drugs was converted with reference to risperidone. 42 manic patients (males=13, mean age=41.6 years) with BP-I were treated daily with conventional and atypical antipsychotics, and evaluated in severity of manic symptoms and their cognitive and behavioural characteristics using Young' Mania Rating Scale. Evaluation of manic symptoms was taking place weekly during hospitalisation in Psychiatric Adult Section Clinic of General Hospital. Manic symptomatology showed a statistical decrease (P<0.001) from baseline to the fourth (and lasted up to the eighth) week of hospitalisation in the 76% of patients, with this decrement to reflect the decline of mean total score in YMRS from 39.3 to 29 and to 23.3, respectively. Increasing the mean equivalent antipsychotic dose to 9.3 mg daily (SD±1.3) there was a decrement in manic symptomatology with change to occur at about third week of treatment. We discuss the findings either with reference to the point of remission of manic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Georgiades
- Psychiatric Clinic, Adults' Section, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Exohi, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Michalopoulos S, Georgiades M, Mompheratou E, Katritses E. [The mandibular canal and course of the inferior alveolar nerve]. Odontostomatol Proodos 1973; 27:291-306. [PMID: 4207884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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