1
|
Buisman RSM, Compier-de Block LHCG, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Pittner K, van den Berg LJM, Tollenaar MS, Elzinga BM, Voorthuis A, Linting M, Alink LRA. The role of emotion recognition in the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment: A multigenerational family study. Child Abuse Negl 2024; 149:106699. [PMID: 38417291 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how child maltreatment is passed down from one generation to the next is crucial for the development of intervention and prevention strategies that may break the cycle of child maltreatment. Changes in emotion recognition due to childhood maltreatment have repeatedly been found, and may underly the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment. OBJECTIVE In this study we, therefore, examined whether the ability to recognize emotions plays a role in the intergenerational transmission of child abuse and neglect. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A total of 250 parents (104 males, 146 females) were included that participated in a three-generation family study. METHOD Participants completed an emotion recognition task in which they were presented with series of photographs that depicted the unfolding of facial expressions from neutrality to the peak emotions anger, fear, happiness, and sadness. Multi-informant measures were used to examine experienced and perpetrated child maltreatment. RESULTS A history of abuse, but not neglect, predicted a shorter reaction time to identify fear and anger. In addition, parents who showed higher levels of neglectful behavior made more errors in identifying fear, whereas parents who showed higher levels of abusive behavior made more errors in identifying anger. Emotion recognition did not mediate the association between experienced and perpetrated child maltreatment. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between abuse and neglect when investigating the precursors and sequalae of child maltreatment. In addition, the effectiveness of interventions that aim to break the cycle of abuse and neglect could be improved by better addressing the specific problems with emotion processing of abusive and neglectful parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renate S M Buisman
- Institute of Education and Child studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg
- University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Katharina Pittner
- Institute of Medical Psychology Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa J M van den Berg
- Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology Unit, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke S Tollenaar
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, The Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology Unit, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Bernet M Elzinga
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, The Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology Unit, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Voorthuis
- Institute of Education and Child studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle Linting
- Institute of Education and Child studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Lenneke R A Alink
- Institute of Education and Child studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van Berkel SR, Prevoo MJL, Linting M, Pannebakker F, Alink LRA. What About the Children? Co-Occurrence of Child Maltreatment and Parental Separation. Child Maltreat 2024; 29:53-65. [PMID: 36154718 PMCID: PMC10720258 DOI: 10.1177/10775595221130074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate (a) the extent to which child maltreatment co-occurs with parental separation and (b) associations between different types of child maltreatment and various types of separation-associated interparental conflict. Professionals working with children (N = 785) reported each case of suspected child maltreatment they observed during a 3-month period and indicated whether parental divorce or separation was about to take place or had taken place. This resulted in 530 reported cases that matched the definitions of child maltreatment for which information on parental relationship status was available. Most of the maltreated children (60%) also experienced (impending) parental separation. In 69% of these cases child maltreatment was associated with parental separation. Particularly, cases of emotional neglect, and emotional abuse co-occurred with parental separation. In addition, four clusters of separation-associated interparental conflict were distinguished- No observed conflict, Non-physical conflict, Verbal and physical conflict, and Multiple conflict-which were associated with child and family characteristics and specific types of child maltreatment. The results of this study suggest that child maltreatment often co-occurs with parental separation, especially when there is a considerable amount of interparental conflict.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila R. van Berkel
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle J. L. Prevoo
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Research Support and Development, University Library, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle Linting
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lenneke R. A. Alink
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
van Berkel SR, Groeneveld MG, van der Pol LD, Linting M, Mesman J. Growing up together: Differences between siblings in the development of compliance separating within-family and between-family effects. Dev Psychol 2023; 59:655-668. [PMID: 36548041 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study applies a within-family, age-snapshot design to investigate differences between siblings in the development of compliance during the preschool years by disaggregating situational, within-family, and between-family effects. The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between sibling differences in compliance and the within-family factors birth order and differential parenting, as well as interactions between these factors. Using observational data of 311 Dutch families (self-identified as culturally Dutch) with 2 children when each child was 3 and 4 years old (firstborns: 36.2 months old; SD = 3.6; 48% girls, second-borns (2 years later): 36.67 months old; SD = .62; 47% girls) and both parents. Three-level cross-classified multilevel models showed main effects of observed sibling noncompliance and differential verbal discipline on noncompliance. In addition, second-born children were more compliant than their firstborn siblings, but only when the firstborn was disciplined physically more often than his/her younger sibling. The results provide evidence that birth-order effects may partially be explained by differential parenting and suggest that differences between siblings cannot be fully understood without taking into account the influence of both direct and indirect sibling effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila R van Berkel
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University
| | - Marleen G Groeneveld
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University
| | - Lotte D van der Pol
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University
| | - Mariëlle Linting
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University
| | - Judi Mesman
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pittner K, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Alink LRA, Buisman RSM, van den Berg LJM, Block LHCGCCD, Voorthuis A, Elzinga BM, Lindenberg J, Tollenaar MS, Linting M, Diego VP, van IJzendoorn MH. Estimating the Heritability of Experiencing Child Maltreatment in an Extended Family Design. Child Maltreat 2020; 25:289-299. [PMID: 31773993 PMCID: PMC7370654 DOI: 10.1177/1077559519888587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Child-driven genetic factors can contribute to negative parenting and may increase the risk of being maltreated. Experiencing childhood maltreatment may be partly heritable, but results of twin studies are mixed. In the current study, we used a cross-sectional extended family design to estimate genetic and environmental effects on experiencing child maltreatment. The sample consisted of 395 individuals (225 women; Mage = 38.85 years, rangeage = 7-88 years) from 63 families with two or three participating generations. Participants were oversampled for experienced maltreatment. Self-reported experienced child maltreatment was measured using a questionnaire assessing physical and emotional abuse, and physical and emotional neglect. All maltreatment phenotypes were partly heritable with percentages for h2 ranging from 30% (SE = 13%) for neglect to 62% (SE = 19%) for severe physical abuse. Common environmental effects (c2) explained a statistically significant proportion of variance for all phenotypes except for the experience of severe physical abuse (c2 = 9%, SE = 13%, p = .26). The genetic correlation between abuse and neglect was ρg = .73 (p = .02). Common environmental variance increased as socioeconomic status (SES) decreased (p = .05), but additive genetic and unique environmental variances were constant across different levels of SES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Pittner
- Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Primary Care Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lenneke R. A. Alink
- Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lisa J. M. van den Berg
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, the Netherlands
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Laura H. C. G. C. Compier-de Block
- Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Voorthuis
- Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Bernet M. Elzinga
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, the Netherlands
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marieke S. Tollenaar
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, the Netherlands
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vincent P. Diego
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Marinus H. van IJzendoorn
- Primary Care Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vrijhof CI, Euser S, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van den Bulk BG, Bosdriesz JR, Linting M, van Wijk IC, de Visser I, van IJzendoorn MH. Effects of parental sensitivity in different contexts on children's hot and cool effortful control. J Fam Psychol 2020; 34:459-468. [PMID: 31829668 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To thrive as an individual and within society, children need to develop the ability to control their behavior. Using a twin design, we estimated the relative influence of genetic, shared, and unique environmental factors on hot and cool effortful control (EC). Furthermore, we investigated whether parental sensitivity in a play, task, or discipline context when the children were on average 3.78 years old, was differentially related to children's hot and cool EC 1 year later (Mage 4.77 years). We included 476 children from 238 twin pairs (48% boys, 58% monozygotic) and their primary parent. Hot EC (delay of gratification) was measured with the marshmallow test and cool EC (response inhibition) was measured with a stop-signal task. The behavioral genetics analyses showed that individual differences in hot and cool EC were mostly explained by unique environmental factors, whereas their association was mostly explained by shared environmental factors. Controlling for sensitivity in the other contexts, task sensitivity contributed to the prediction of cool EC, and sensitive discipline contributed to both cool and hot EC. Play sensitivity did not contribute to the prediction of hot or cool EC over and above parental sensitivity in the other contexts. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the unique and shared antecedents of hot and cool EC, suggesting parental sensitive discipline as a focus for preventive interventions targeting both hot and cool EC. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
6
|
van Berkel SR, Prevoo MJL, Linting M, Pannebakker FD, Alink LRA. Prevalence of child maltreatment in the Netherlands: An update and cross-time comparison. Child Abuse Negl 2020; 103:104439. [PMID: 32126398 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The third Netherlands' Prevalence study of Maltreatment of children and youth (NPM-2017) continues the tradition of periodically mapping the national prevalence of child maltreatment. OBJECTIVE The NPM-2017 provides an update of the current prevalence rates of child maltreatment and of changes in its prevalence over the last 12 years. In addition, risk factors for child maltreatment and its co-occurrence with domestic violence were investigated. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Prevalence data were based on cases reported to 'Safe at Home' organizations (former CPS agencies) and observations of professionals working with children (sentinels). METHODS Sentinels (N = 785) filled out a form for each case of suspected child maltreatment that they observed within their professional sample during a three-month period. RESULTS An overall prevalence estimate of child maltreatment in the Netherlands in 2017 of 26-37 per 1000 children was computed. The most important risk factors for child maltreatment were low parental education (RR=4.95), parental unemployment (RR = 3.64), immigrant status (RR = 3.61), and single parenthood (RR = 2.29). Neither prevalence rates nor risk factors changed significantly between 2005, 2010, and 2017. Finally, in 46 % of the reported families child maltreatment occurred in a context of domestic violence. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of co-occurring domestic violence may indicate that family violence observed within one dyad could be a marker for dysfunctional functioning of the family system. Child maltreatment remains a considerable problem in the Netherlands with a stable prevalence over the last 12 years and stability in characteristics that make families vulnerable for child maltreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila R van Berkel
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Mariëlle J L Prevoo
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Research Support and Development, University Library, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle Linting
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lenneke R A Alink
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hallers-Haalboom ET, Groeneveld MG, van Berkel SR, Endendijk JJ, van der Pol LD, Linting M, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Mesman J. Mothers’ and fathers’ sensitivity with their two children: A longitudinal study from infancy to early childhood. Dev Psychol 2017; 53:860-872. [DOI: 10.1037/dev0000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
8
|
Compier-de Block LH, Alink LR, Linting M, van den Berg LJ, Elzinga BM, Voorthuis A, Tollenaar MS, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. Parent-Child Agreement on Parent-to-Child Maltreatment. J Fam Violence 2017; 32:207-217. [PMID: 28163367 PMCID: PMC5250653 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-016-9902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Parent-child agreement on child maltreatment was examined in a multigenerational study. Questionnaires on perpetrated and experienced child maltreatment were completed by 138 parent-child pairs. Multi-level analyses were conducted to explore whether parents and children agreed about levels of parent-to-child maltreatment (convergence), and to examine whether parents and children reported equal levels of child maltreatment (absolute differences). Direct and moderating effects of age and gender were examined as potential factors explaining differences between parent and child report. The associations between parent- and child-reported maltreatment were significant for all subtypes, but the strength of the associations was low to moderate. Moreover, children reported more parent-to-child neglect than parents did. Older participants reported more experienced maltreatment than younger participants, without evidence for differences in actual exposure. These findings support the value of multi-informant assessment of child maltreatment to improve accuracy, but also reveal the divergent perspectives of parents and children on child maltreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lenneke R.A. Alink
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Law, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle Linting
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bernet M. Elzinga
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Voorthuis
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Euser S, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van den Bulk BG, Linting M, Damsteegt RC, Vrijhof CI, van Wijk IC, Crone EA, van IJzendoorn MH. Efficacy of the Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline in Twin Families (VIPP-Twins): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychol 2016; 4:33. [PMID: 27268415 PMCID: PMC4895801 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-016-0139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intervention programs with the aim of enhancing parenting quality have been found to be differentially effective in decreasing negative child outcomes such as externalizing behavioral problems, resulting in modest overall effect sizes. Here we present the protocol for a randomized controlled trial to examine the efficacy of the Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline for Twin Families (VIPP-Twins) on parenting quality and children’s behavioral control and social competence. In addition, we aim to test the differential susceptibility theory; we examine differential efficacy of the intervention based on genetic make-up or temperament for both parents and children. Lastly, we explore neurobiological mechanisms underlying intervention effects on children’s developmental outcomes. Methods/design The original VIPP-SD was adapted for use in families with twins. The VIPP-Twins consists of five biweekly sessions in which the families are visited at home, parent-child interactions are videotaped and parents receive positive feedback on selected video fragments. Families (N = 225) with a same sex twin (mean age = 3.6 years) were recruited to participate in the study. The study consists of four assessments. After two baseline assessments in year 1 and year 2, a random 40 % of the sample will receive the VIPP-Twins program. The first post-test assessment will be carried out one month after the intervention and there will be a long term follow-up assessment two years after the intervention. Measures include observational assessments of parenting and children’s social competence and behavioral control, and neurobiological assessments (i.e., hormonal functioning and neural (re-)activity). Discussion Results of the study will provide insights in the efficacy of the VIPP-Twins and reveal moderators and mediators of program efficacy. Overall the randomized controlled trial is an experimental test of the differential susceptibility theory. Trial registration Dutch Trial Register: NTR5312; Date registered: July 20, 2015. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40359-016-0139-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Euser
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB, Netherlands. .,Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB, Netherlands.
| | - Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB, Netherlands.,Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, 2300 RC, Netherlands
| | - Bianca G van den Bulk
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB, Netherlands.,Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, 2300 RC, Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle Linting
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB, Netherlands
| | - Rani C Damsteegt
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB, Netherlands.,Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB, Netherlands
| | - Claudia I Vrijhof
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB, Netherlands.,Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB, Netherlands
| | - Ilse C van Wijk
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB, Netherlands.,Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, 2300 RC, Netherlands
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, 2300 RC, Netherlands.,Institute of Psychology, Brain and Development Lab, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB, Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB, Netherlands.,Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, 2300 RC, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Groeneveld MG, Vermeer HJ, van IJzendoorn MH, Linting M. Randomized Video-Feedback Intervention in Home-Based Childcare: Improvement of Children's Wellbeing Dependent on Time Spent with Trusted Caregiver. Child Youth Care Forum 2016; 45:587-606. [PMID: 27429535 PMCID: PMC4923105 DOI: 10.1007/s10566-015-9344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The childcare environment offers a wide array of developmental opportunities for children. Providing children with a feeling of security to explore this environment is one of the most fundamental goals of childcare. Objective In the current study the effectiveness of Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting-Child Care (VIPP-CC) was tested on children’s wellbeing in home-based childcare in a randomized controlled trial. Methods Forty-seven children and their caregivers were randomly assigned to the intervention group or control group. Children’s wellbeing, caregiver sensitivity, and global childcare quality were observed during a pretest and a posttest. Results We did not find an overall intervention effect on child wellbeing, but a significant interaction effect with months spent with a trusted caregiver was present. Children who were less familiar with the caregiver showed an increase in wellbeing scores in both the intervention and control group, but for the group of children who were more familiar with the caregiver, wellbeing increased only in the intervention group. Conclusions Although there was no overall effect of the VIPP-CC on children’s wellbeing, the VIPP-CC seems effective in children who have been cared for by the same trusted caregiver for a longer period of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marleen G Groeneveld
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harriet J Vermeer
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle Linting
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Luijk MPCM, Linting M, Henrichs J, Herba CM, Verhage ML, Schenk JJ, Arends LR, Raat H, Jaddoe VWV, Hofman A, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H, van IJzendoorn MH. Hours in non-parental child care are related to language development in a longitudinal cohort study. Child Care Health Dev 2015; 41:1188-98. [PMID: 25722078 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of child care services on several domains of child development have been extensively investigated, but evidence regarding the effects of child care on language development remains inconclusive. METHODS Within a large-scale population-based study, we examined the longitudinal associations between non-parental child care and language development from 1 to 6 years (n = 5375). RESULTS Results showed that more hours in non-parental child care were associated with better language abilities. However, more hours in care in the first year of life were associated with less language proficiency at ages 1 to 1.5. At later ages, this effect disappeared and language proficiency increased. Furthermore, children who spent more hours in centre-based care had better language scores than children in home-based care. Ethnicity, socio-economic status, gender or parity did not change these results. CONCLUSIONS This large, multi-ethnic study demonstrates beneficial effects of non-parental child care, particularly centre-based care, on language proficiency later in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P C M Luijk
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Linting
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Henrichs
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - C M Herba
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M L Verhage
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J Schenk
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L R Arends
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Raat
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F C Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M H van IJzendoorn
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schoenmaker C, Juffer F, van IJzendoorn MH, Linting M, van der Voort A, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. From maternal sensitivity in infancy to adult attachment representations: a longitudinal adoption study with secure base scripts. Attach Hum Dev 2015; 17:241-56. [DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2015.1037315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
13
|
Windhorst DA, Mileva-Seitz VR, Linting M, Hofman A, Jaddoe VWV, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H, van IJzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. Differential susceptibility in a developmental perspective: DRD4 and maternal sensitivity predicting externalizing behavior. Dev Psychobiol 2014; 57:35-49. [PMID: 25251423 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study is the first to investigate the longitudinal effects of gene-environment interplay between DRD4 genotype and maternal sensitivity on child externalizing behavior. Multiple measures of maternal sensitivity (14, 36, and 48 months) and externalizing behavior (18 months, 36 months, and 5 years) were assessed in a large cohort study (N = 548). Early maternal insensitivity (14 months) was associated with early externalizing behavior (18 months) in a for better and for worse manner, but only in children with at least one DRD4 7-repeat, consistent with a differential susceptibility model. Later insensitivity (48 months) predicted externalizing behavior at age 5 independent of DRD4 genotype. A structural equation model including all measures across time supported the differential susceptibility model: The overall effect of early maternal sensitivity on later externalizing behavior was significant only for children with a DRD4 7-repeat allele. The results highlight the importance of studying gene-environment interactions across development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dafna A Windhorst
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Prevoo MJL, Malda M, Mesman J, Emmen RAG, Yeniad N, Van Ijzendoorn MH, Linting M. Predicting ethnic minority children's vocabulary from socioeconomic status, maternal language and home reading input: different pathways for host and ethnic language. J Child Lang 2014; 41:963-984. [PMID: 24067295 DOI: 10.1017/s0305000913000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
When bilingual children enter formal reading education, host language proficiency becomes increasingly important. This study investigated the relation between socioeconomic status (SES), maternal language use, reading input, and vocabulary in a sample of 111 six-year-old children of first- and second-generation Turkish immigrant parents in the Netherlands. Mothers reported on their language use with the child, frequency of reading by both parents, and availability of children's books in the ethnic and the host language. Children's Dutch and Turkish vocabulary were tested during a home visit. SES was related to maternal language use and to host language reading input. Reading input mediated the relation between SES and host language vocabulary and between maternal language use and host language vocabulary, whereas only maternal language use was related to ethnic language vocabulary. During transition to formal reading education, one should be aware that children from low-SES families receive less host language reading input.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Quantification of cortisol in scalp hair seems a promising measurement for long-term cortisol levels, and thereby a biomarker for stress. We examined hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) in children when first entering elementary school. Participants were 42 children (45% boys) with a mean age of 4.2 years (SD = 0.42 months). Hair samples (≥5 cm) were collected 2 months after school entry. Hair analysis was conducted using two 2-cm long segments, reflecting the first 2 months of school attendance (the scalp-near segment) and 2 months prior to school entry. HCC were higher after school entry than before, especially for fearful children. Alterations in HCC were not moderated by experience in group daycare before school entry. Thus, HCC suggest that starting elementary school is accompanied by increased stress hormone levels in young (in particular fearful) children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marleen G Groeneveld
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University , Leiden , the Netherlands and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tops M, Huffmeijer R, Linting M, Grewen KM, Light KC, Koole SL, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van Ijzendoorn MH. The role of oxytocin in familiarization-habituation responses to social novelty. Front Psychol 2013; 4:761. [PMID: 24151482 PMCID: PMC3798760 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress or arousal responses to novel social contexts ease off when individuals get familiar with the social context. In the present study we investigated whether oxytocin is involved in this process of familiarization-habituation as oxytocin is known to increase trust and decrease anxiety. Fifty-nine healthy female subjects took part in the same experimental procedure in two sessions separated by 4 weeks. In the first (novelty) session state trust scores were significantly positively correlated with salivary oxytocin levels while in the second (familiarity) session state trust scores were significantly negatively correlated with salivary oxytocin levels. In a path model oxytocin was associated with increased trust in the novelty session and trust was associated with decreased oxytocin levels in the familiarity session. The results are consistent with the idea that oxytocin decreases stress-to-novelty responses by promoting familiarization to novel social contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattie Tops
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University Leiden, Netherlands ; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Leiden, Netherlands ; Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
van der Voort A, Linting M, Juffer F, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Schoenmaker C, van IJzendoorn MH. The Development of Adolescents’ Internalizing Behavior: Longitudinal Effects of Maternal Sensitivity and Child Inhibition. J Youth Adolesc 2013; 43:528-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-013-9976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
18
|
Kok R, van IJzendoorn MH, Linting M, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Tharner A, Luijk MPCM, Székely E, Jaddoe VWV, Hofman A, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H. Attachment insecurity predicts child active resistance to parental requests in a compliance task. Child Care Health Dev 2013; 39:277-87. [PMID: 22394322 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2012.01374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM We studied the effects of early mother-child relationship quality and child temperament on the development of child compliance and active resistance in a large population-based cohort study (n = 534). BACKGROUND Parenting and the quality of the parent-child relationship can either hamper or support the development of child compliance directly or in interplay with child temperament. METHODS Mother-infant dyads were observed at 14 and 36 months and maternal and child behaviours were independently coded. The quality of compliance was assessed at 36 months in a clean-up task. Child behaviour was coded using a system differentiating between two dimensions: Compliance and Active Resistance. RESULTS Controlling for concurrent maternal sensitivity, child temperament, and gender children with a more insecure attachment relationship showed higher levels of active resistance during Clean-Up than more securely attached children. The effect was stronger for boys than for girls and mainly driven by attachment avoidance. CONCLUSIONS Early attachment is an important contributor to child socialization of moral behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kok
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
This article is set up as a tutorial for nonlinear principal components analysis (NLPCA), systematically guiding the reader through the process of analyzing actual data on personality assessment by the Rorschach Inkblot Test. NLPCA is a more flexible alternative to linear PCA that can handle the analysis of possibly nonlinearly related variables with different types of measurement level. The method is particularly suited to analyze nominal (qualitative) and ordinal (e.g., Likert-type) data, possibly combined with numeric data. The program CATPCA from the Categories module in SPSS is used in the analyses, but the method description can easily be generalized to other software packages.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kok R, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van IJzendoorn MH, Velders FP, Linting M, Jaddoe VW, Hofman A, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H. The role of maternal stress during pregnancy, maternal discipline, and child COMT Val158Met genotype in the development of compliance. Dev Psychobiol 2012; 55:451-64. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
21
|
Groeneveld MG, Vermeer HJ, van IJzendoorn MH, Linting M. Stress, cortisol and well-being of caregivers and children in home-based child care: a case for differential susceptibility. Child Care Health Dev 2012; 38:251-60. [PMID: 21166835 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined whether children cared for by stressed caregivers show lower socio-emotional well-being and more stress, compared with children cared for by less stressed caregivers. METHODS Perceived stress and cortisol levels of professional caregivers (n = 44), and associations with children's (n = 44) well-being and cortisol levels in home-based child care were examined. RESULTS Caregiver perceived stress and cortisol levels were related to children's well-being but not to children's cortisol levels. Children's social fearfulness acted as a moderator between caregivers' mean ratio of diurnal change in cortisol and children's well-being. When caregiver cortisol levels decreased, more fearful children were reported higher on well-being than less fearful peers. In contrast, when caregiver cortisol levels increased, more fearful children were reported lower on well-being. CONCLUSIONS The findings point to differential susceptibility. Child care organizations and parents need to notice that a non-stressful child care environment is in particular important for children with a difficult temperament.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Groeneveld
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Groeneveld MG, Vermeer HJ, van Ijzendoorn MH, Linting M. Enhancing home-based child care quality through video-feedback intervention: a randomized controlled trial. J Fam Psychol 2011; 25:86-96. [PMID: 21355649 DOI: 10.1037/a0022451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present randomized controlled trial, the effectiveness of video-feedback intervention to promote positive parenting-child care (VIPP-CC) was tested in home-based child care. Forty-eight caregivers were randomly assigned either to the intervention group or to the control group. Global child care quality improved in the intervention group but not in the control group. The program did not change observed caregiver sensitivity. After the intervention however, caregivers in the intervention group reported a more positive attitude toward sensitive caregiving than caregivers in the control group. The study shows that the family-based intervention can be applied with some minor modifications in a professional group setting as well. The brief VIPP-CC program is an important tool for enhancing quality of home-based child care.
Collapse
|
23
|
Yaman A, Mesman J, van IJzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Linting M. Parenting in an Individualistic Culture with a Collectivistic Cultural Background: The Case of Turkish Immigrant Families with Toddlers in the Netherlands. J Child Fam Stud 2010; 19:617-628. [PMID: 20835387 PMCID: PMC2928918 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-009-9346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Expanding our knowledge on parenting practices of immigrant families is crucial for designing culturally sensitive parenting intervention programs in countries with high immigration rates. We investigated differences in patterns of parenting between second-generation immigrant and native families with young children. Authoritarian and authoritative control and sensitivity of second-generation Turkish immigrant mothers of 2-year-old children (n = 70) and native Dutch mothers (n = 70) were observed in the home and in the laboratory. Controlling for maternal age and education, Turkish immigrant mothers were less supportive, gave less clear instructions to their children, were more intrusive and were less authoritative in their control strategies than native Dutch mothers. No differences were found in authoritarian control. In both ethnic groups supportive presence, clarity of instruction, authoritative control, and low intrusiveness loaded on one factor. No differences between ethnic groups were found in gender-differentiated parenting. Maternal emotional connectedness to the Turkish culture was associated with less authoritative control, whereas more use of the Turkish language was related to more sensitivity. Even though mean level differences in parenting behaviors still exist between second-generation Turkish immigrant and native Dutch mothers, the patterns of associations between parenting behaviors were comparable for both groups. This suggests that existing parenting interventions for native families may be applicable to second-generation Turkish immigrants as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Yaman
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9500, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Judi Mesman
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9500, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H. van IJzendoorn
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9500, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mariëlle Linting
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9500, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vermeer HJ, Groeneveld MG, Larrea I, van IJzendoorn MH, Barandiaran A, Linting M. Child care quality and children's cortisol in Basque Country and the Netherlands. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Gilissen R, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van IJzendoorn MH, Linting M. Electrodermal reactivity during the Trier Social Stress Test for children: Interaction between the serotonin transporter polymorphism and children's attachment representation. Dev Psychobiol 2008; 50:615-25. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.20314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
27
|
Abstract
The authors provide a didactic treatment of nonlinear (categorical) principal components analysis (PCA). This method is the nonlinear equivalent of standard PCA and reduces the observed variables to a number of uncorrelated principal components. The most important advantages of nonlinear over linear PCA are that it incorporates nominal and ordinal variables and that it can handle and discover nonlinear relationships between variables. Also, nonlinear PCA can deal with variables at their appropriate measurement level; for example, it can treat Likert-type scales ordinally instead of numerically. Every observed value of a variable can be referred to as a category. While performing PCA, nonlinear PCA converts every category to a numeric value, in accordance with the variable's analysis level, using optimal quantification. The authors discuss how optimal quantification is carried out, what analysis levels are, which decisions have to be made when applying nonlinear PCA, and how the results can be interpreted. The strengths and limitations of the method are discussed. An example applying nonlinear PCA to empirical data using the program CATPCA (J. J. Meulman, W. J. Heiser, & SPSS, 2004) is provided.
Collapse
|
28
|
Linting M, Meulman JJ, Groenen PJF, van der Kooij AJ. Stability of nonlinear principal components analysis: An empirical study using the balanced bootstrap. Psychol Methods 2007; 12:359-79. [PMID: 17784799 DOI: 10.1037/1082-989x.12.3.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Principal components analysis (PCA) is used to explore the structure of data sets containing linearly related numeric variables. Alternatively, nonlinear PCA can handle possibly nonlinearly related numeric as well as nonnumeric variables. For linear PCA, the stability of its solution can be established under the assumption of multivariate normality. For nonlinear PCA, however, standard options for establishing stability are not provided. The authors use the nonparametric bootstrap procedure to assess the stability of nonlinear PCA results, applied to empirical data. They use confidence intervals for the variable transformations and confidence ellipses for the eigenvalues, the component loadings, and the person scores. They discuss the balanced version of the bootstrap, bias estimation, and Procrustes rotation. To provide a benchmark, the same bootstrap procedure is applied to linear PCA on the same data. On the basis of the results, the authors advise using at least 1,000 bootstrap samples, using Procrustes rotation on the bootstrap results, examining the bootstrap distributions along with the confidence regions, and merging categories with small marginal frequencies to reduce the variance of the bootstrap results.
Collapse
|
29
|
De Schipper J, Tavecchio LW, Van IJzendoorn MH, Linting M. The relation of flexible child care to quality of center day care and children’s socio-emotional functioning: A survey and observational study. Infant Behav Dev 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0163-6383(03)00033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|