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Sloman KN, Torres-Viso M, Edelstein ML, Schulman RK. The role of task preference in the effectiveness of response interruption and redirection. J Appl Behav Anal 2024; 57:444-454. [PMID: 38379177 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Response interruption and redirection (RIRD) is a common treatment for automatically reinforced vocal stereotypy; it involves the contingent presentation of task instructions. Tasks that are included in RIRD are typically selected based on caregiver report, which may affect the efficacy of RIRD. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the role of task preference in the efficacy of RIRD for four participants who engaged in vocal stereotypy. We conducted task-preference assessments and selected tasks of varying preferences to include in RIRD. For three out of four participants, the results showed that RIRD with higher preference tasks was not effective at reducing vocal stereotypy, whereas RIRD with lower preference tasks was effective for all participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly N Sloman
- The Scott Center for Autism Treatment, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | | | - Matthew L Edelstein
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Powell K, Macari S, Brennan-Wydra E, Feiner H, Butler M, Goncalves Fortes D, Boxberger A, Torres-Viso M, Morgan C, Lyons M, Chawarska K. Elevated symptoms of executive dysfunction predict lower adaptive functioning in 3-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2022; 15:1336-1347. [PMID: 35388596 PMCID: PMC9253075 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Executive functioning (EF) deficits co-occur frequently with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and have a long-term detrimental impact on quality of life of children and their families. Timely identification of risk for EF vulnerabilities may hasten access to early intervention and alleviate their long-term consequences. This study examines (1) if EF deficits are elevated in toddlers with ASD compared to nonautistic siblings of children with ASD, typically developing (TYP) toddlers, and toddlers with atypical developmental presentation; and (2) if EF deficits have a detrimental effect on adaptive functioning in ASD. Participants were recruited between September 2014 and October 2019 and included 73 toddlers with ASD, 33 nonautistic siblings of children with ASD, 35 toddlers with atypical development, and 28 TYP toddlers matched on chronological age (M = 39.01 months, SD = 3.11). EF deficits were measured using the BRIEF-P; adaptive skills were measured using the VABS-II. Whenever appropriate, analyses were controlled for MSEL verbal and nonverbal developmental quotient, ADOS-2 autism severity scores, and sex. Analyses revealed that toddlers with ASD exhibited elevated BRIEF-P scores across all domains compared to each of the three comparison groups. Higher BRIEF-P scores were associated with lower adaptive social, communication, and daily living skills while controlling for symptom severity, verbal and nonverbal functioning, and sex. In conclusion, marked vulnerabilities in EF are already present in 3-year-old toddlers with ASD and are predictive of the level of adaptive functioning in ASD. EF vulnerabilities in toddlers should be targeted for intervention to improve long-term outcomes in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Many children with autism experience vulnerabilities in executive functioning (EF), which may include challenges with inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and planning. The study shows that these vulnerabilities can already be detected at age three and that their presence is linked with lower social, communication, and daily living skills. Screening children with ASD for EF challenges and helping those who have difficulties may improve their long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Powell
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Suzanne Macari
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emma Brennan-Wydra
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hannah Feiner
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Maureen Butler
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Diogo Goncalves Fortes
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alexandra Boxberger
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mariana Torres-Viso
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chelsea Morgan
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Megan Lyons
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Katarzyna Chawarska
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Torres-Viso M, Strohmeier CW, Zarcone JR. Functional analysis and treatment of problem behavior related to mands for rearrangement. J Appl Behav Anal 2018; 51:158-165. [PMID: 29318608 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Torres-Viso
- Kennedy Krieger Institute and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Craig W. Strohmeier
- Kennedy Krieger Institute and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Jennifer R. Zarcone
- Kennedy Krieger Institute and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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Sloman KN, Schulman RK, Torres-Viso M, Edelstein ML. Evaluation of response interruption and redirection during school and community activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1037/bar0000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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