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Sødring M, Thauland Håseth T, Rasten Brunsdon E, Bjørnstad PH, Sandnes R, Røtterud OJ, Mason A, de Medeiros Esper I, Hallenstvedt E, Agerup P, Kåsin K, Egelandsdal B, Alvseike O. Effects of Meat Factory Cell on pork qualities, sensory characteristics and carcass hygiene: an exploratory study. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2022.2113120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sødring
- Animalia – Norwegian Meat and Poultry Research Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - P. H. Bjørnstad
- Animalia – Norwegian Meat and Poultry Research Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | - R. Sandnes
- Animalia – Norwegian Meat and Poultry Research Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | - O. J. Røtterud
- Animalia – Norwegian Meat and Poultry Research Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | - A. Mason
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - I. de Medeiros Esper
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - K. Kåsin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - B. Egelandsdal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - O. Alvseike
- Animalia – Norwegian Meat and Poultry Research Centre, Oslo, Norway
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Sødring M, Nafstad O, Håseth TT. Change in Norwegian consumer attitudes towards piglet castration: increased emphasis on animal welfare. Acta Vet Scand 2020; 62:22. [PMID: 32456651 PMCID: PMC7249416 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-020-00522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Male piglets are surgically castrated at a young age primarily to prevent pork meat from being tainted with boar taint, an offensive taste and odor that can be present in uncastrated male pigs. The practice of surgical castration is considered to be both stressful and painful for the piglets, and is therefore under scrutiny due to animal welfare concerns. Rearing of intact males or vaccination against boar taint (immunocastration) are two potential alternatives to surgical castration, but in order to successfully implement either of these alternatives, consumer acceptance of the different methods must be taken into consideration as it will be central for future sales of pork products. A consumer survey mapping Norwegian consumers’ attitudes toward piglet castration was conducted to explore whether the consumers’ position regarding castration has changed since an almost identical study was completed in 2008. Results The internet-based survey found that Norwegian consumers are comfortable with the current practice of surgical castration with anesthesia, but also that they are open to the alternative method of vaccination against boar taint. When provided additional information stating that vaccination against boar taint may not be able to reduce boar taint to the levels that castration with anesthesia does, consumer skepticism towards vaccination increased. When evaluating castration methods, animal welfare was the most important influencing factor. Since the original survey from 2008, animal welfare was also the single factor that has increased the most among a set of assessment criteria when purchasing pork products. Conclusion Norwegian consumers regard animal welfare as an important factor both when purchasing pork products and when evaluating different methods of castration, and animal welfare as a factor has increased in importance since the initial survey in 2008. Although the current practice of castration using local anesthesia is still widely accepted among consumers, the acceptance of today’s method has declined since the original survey in 2008.
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Hansen KEA, Johanson SM, Steppeler C, Sødring M, Østby GC, Berntsen HF, Zimmer KE, Aleksandersen M, Paulsen JE, Ropstad E. A mixture of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Azoxymethane (AOM) show potential synergistic effects on intestinal tumorigenesis in the A/J Min/+ mouse model. Chemosphere 2019; 214:534-542. [PMID: 30278405 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A multitude of cancer types, including breast, testicular, liver and colorectal cancer, have associations with exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). The present study aimed to investigate whether a mixture of POPs could affect intestinal tumorigenesis in the A/J Min/+ mouse, a model for human colorectal cancer (CRC). Pollutants were selected for their presence in Scandinavian food products and the mixture was designed based on defined human estimated daily intake levels. Mice were exposed through the diet, at control, low and high mixture concentrations, for 10 weeks. In a separate experiment, mice also received one subcutaneous injection of Azoxymethane (AOM) to explore whether this carcinogenic compound influenced the effect of the POPs. Intestinal tumorigenesis was examined by surface microscopy and histopathology. Moderate and dose-dependent increases in tumorigenesis were observed after dietary POP exposure. The AOM treatment alone stimulated the growth of colonic lesions, but did not increase the formation of new lesions. Combined AOM treatment and POP exposure demonstrated a synergistic effect on lesion formation in the colon, and to a lesser extent in the small intestine. This synergy was also evident by an increased number of malignant colonic tumors (carcinomas). In conclusion, the study shows that a mixture of POPs interacted synergistically with a known carcinogen (AOM), causing increased intestinal tumorigenesis in the A/J Min/+ mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Aa Hansen
- Section for Experimental Biomedicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway.
| | - S M Johanson
- Section for Experimental Biomedicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
| | - C Steppeler
- Section for Food Safety, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
| | - M Sødring
- Section for Food Safety, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway; Animalia, Norwegian Meat and Poultry Research Centre, Norway
| | - G C Østby
- Section for Stationary Clinics, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
| | - H F Berntsen
- Section for Stationary Clinics, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway; Department of Administration, Laboratory Animal Unit, National Institute of Occupational Health, Norway
| | - K E Zimmer
- Section for Biochemistry and Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
| | - M Aleksandersen
- Section for Anatomy and Pathology, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
| | - J E Paulsen
- Section for Food Safety, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
| | - E Ropstad
- Section for Experimental Biomedicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
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Steppeler C, Sødring M, Egelandsdal B, Kirkhus B, Oostindjer M, Alvseike O, Gangsei LE, Hovland EM, Pierre F, Paulsen JE. Effects of dietary beef, pork, chicken and salmon on intestinal carcinogenesis in A/J Min/+ mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176001. [PMID: 28426718 PMCID: PMC5398569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified red meat as “probably carcinogenic to humans” (Group 2A). In mechanistic studies exploring the link between intake of red meat and CRC, heme iron, the pigment of red meat, is proposed to play a central role as a catalyzer of luminal lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity. In the present work, the novel A/J Min/+ mouse was used to investigate the effects of dietary beef, pork, chicken, or salmon (40% muscle food (dry weight) and 60% powder diet) on Apc-driven intestinal carcinogenesis, from week 3–13 of age. Muscle food diets did not differentially affect carcinogenesis in the colon (flat ACF and tumors). In the small intestine, salmon intake resulted in a lower tumor size and load than did meat from terrestrial animals (beef, pork or chicken), while no differences were observed between the effects of white meat (chicken) and red meat (pork and beef). Additional results indicated that intestinal carcinogenesis was not related to dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, intestinal formation of lipid peroxidation products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS), or cytotoxic effects of fecal water on Apc-/+ cells. Notably, the amount of heme reaching the colon appeared to be relatively low in this study. The greatest tumor load was induced by the reference diet RM1, underlining the importance of the basic diets in experimental CRC. The present study in A/J Min/+ mice does not support the hypothesis of a role of red meat in intestinal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Steppeler
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Marianne Sødring
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørg Egelandsdal
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Bente Kirkhus
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Marije Oostindjer
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ole Alvseike
- Animalia–Norwegian Meat and Poultry Research Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Fabrice Pierre
- INRA UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jan Erik Paulsen
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Bråten LS, Sødring M, Paulsen JE, Snipen LG, Rudi K. Cecal microbiota association with tumor load in a colorectal cancer mouse model. Microb Ecol Health Dis 2017; 28:1352433. [PMID: 28959179 PMCID: PMC5614384 DOI: 10.1080/16512235.2017.1352433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer types worldwide. The role of the intestinal microbiota in CRC, however, is not well established. In particular, the co-variation between age, tumor progression and microbiota remains largely unknown. Objective and design: We therefore used a recently developed A/J Min/+ mouse model resembling human CRC to investigate how microbial composition in cecum correlates with tumor progression, butyrate and age. Results: We found that the association between the gut microbiota and tumor load was stronger, by far, than the association with both butyrate and age. The strongest direct tumor association was found for mucosal bacteria, with nearly 60% of the significantly correlating operational taxonomic units being correlated with CRC tumor load alone. Conclusion: We favor a systemic association between tumor load and microbiota, since the correlations are associated with tumor load in gut segments other than the cecum (both small and large intestine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Skute Bråten
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.,Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Marianne Sødring
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jan Erik Paulsen
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Lars Gustav Snipen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Rudi
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Steppeler C, Sødring M, Paulsen JE. Colorectal Carcinogenesis in the A/J Min/+ Mouse Model is Inhibited by Hemin, Independently of Dietary Fat Content and Fecal Lipid Peroxidation Rate. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:832. [PMID: 27806694 PMCID: PMC5094071 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intake of red meat is considered a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) development, and heme, the prosthetic group of myoglobin, has been suggested as a potential cause. One of the proposed molecular mechanisms of heme-induced CRC is based on an increase in the rate of lipid peroxidation catalysed by heme. Methods In the present work, the novel A/J Min/+ mouse model for Apc-driven colorectal cancer was used to investigate the effect of dietary heme (0.5 μmol/g), combined with high (40 energy %) or low (10 energy %) dietary fat levels, on intestinal carcinogenesis. At the end of the dietary intervention period (week 3–11), spontaneously developed lesions in the colon (flat aberrant crypt foci (flat ACF) and tumors) and small intestine (tumors) were scored and thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), a biomarker for lipid peroxidation was analysed in feces. Results Dietary hemin significantly reduced colonic carcinogenesis. The inhibitory effect of hemin was not dependent on the dietary fat level, and no association could be established between colonic carcinogenesis and the lipid oxidation rate measured as fecal TBARS. Small intestinal carcinogenesis was not affected by hemin. Fat tended to stimulate intestinal carcinogenesis. Conclusions Contradicting the hypothesis, dietary hemin did inhibit colonic carcinogenesis in the present study. The results indicate that fecal TBARS concentration is not directly related to intestinal lesions and is therefore not a suitable biomarker for CRC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2874-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Steppeler
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 8146 Dep, 0033, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Marianne Sødring
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 8146 Dep, 0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Erik Paulsen
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 8146 Dep, 0033, Oslo, Norway
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Sødring M, Gunnes G, Paulsen JE. Detection and Characterization of Flat Aberrant Crypt Foci (Flat ACF) in the Novel A/J Min/+ Mouse. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:2745-2750. [PMID: 27272784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Flat aberrant crypt foci (flat ACF) and mucin-depleted foci (MDF) have previously been described as preneoplastic colonic lesions. We used the novel A/J Min/+ mouse model, that demonstrates extensive spontaneous colon carcinogenesis to refine the method of detection of flat ACF and further characterize and define them as early lesions by histological examination and comparison with MDF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Colons were stained with methylene blue (MB) for flat ACF detection and restained with high-iron diamine-alcian blue (HID-AB) for MDF detection. RESULTS Optimal flat ACF recognition required at least 24 h of storage post-MB staining and adherence to a set of characteristics. The fraction of flat ACF corresponding with MDF was 93%. Flat ACF/MDF displayed the same picture of severe dysplasia, lack of mucus and goblet cells and accumulation of cytoplasmic β-catenin. CONCLUSION The easily detectable flat ACF are reliable surface biomarkers of Apc-driven colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Sødring
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gjermund Gunnes
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Erik Paulsen
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Sødring M, Gunnes G, Paulsen JE. Spontaneous initiation, promotion and progression of colorectal cancer in the novel A/J Min/+ mouse. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1936-46. [PMID: 26566853 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The C57BL/6J multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min/+) mouse is a widely used murine model for familial adenomatous polyposis, a hereditary form of human colorectal cancer. However, it is a questionable model partly because the vast majority of tumors arise in the small intestine, and partly because the fraction of tumors that progress to invasive carcinomas is minuscule. A/J mice are typically more susceptible to carcinogen-induced colorectal cancer than C57BL/6J mice. To investigate whether the novel Min/+ mouse on the A/J genetic background could be a better model for colorectal cancer, we examined the spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis in 81 A/J Min/+ mice ranging in age from 4 to 60 weeks. The A/J Min/+ mouse exhibited a dramatic increase in number of colonic lesions when compared to what has been reported for the conventional Min/+ mouse; however, an increase in small intestinal lesions did not occur. In addition, this novel mouse model displayed a continual development of colonic lesions highlighted by the transition from early lesions (flat ACF) to tumors over time. In mice older than 40 weeks, 13 colonic (95% CI: 8.7-16.3) and 21 small intestinal (95% CI: 18.6-24.3) tumors were recorded. Notably, a considerable proportion of those lesions progressed to carcinomas in both the colon (21%) and small intestine (51%). These findings more closely reflect aspects of human colorectal carcinogenesis. In conclusion, the novel A/J Min/+ mouse may be a relevant model for initiation, promotion and progression of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Sødring
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gjermund Gunnes
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Erik Paulsen
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Oostindjer M, Alexander J, Amdam GV, Andersen G, Bryan NS, Chen D, Corpet DE, De Smet S, Dragsted LO, Haug A, Karlsson AH, Kleter G, de Kok TM, Kulseng B, Milkowski AL, Martin RJ, Pajari AM, Paulsen JE, Pickova J, Rudi K, Sødring M, Weed DL, Egelandsdal B. The role of red and processed meat in colorectal cancer development: a perspective. Meat Sci 2014; 97:583-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Simm R, Vörös A, Ekman JV, Sødring M, Nes I, Kroeger JK, Saidijam M, Bettaney KE, Henderson PJF, Salkinoja-Salonen M, Kolstø AB. BC4707 is a major facilitator superfamily multidrug resistance transport protein from Bacillus cereus implicated in fluoroquinolone tolerance. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36720. [PMID: 22615800 PMCID: PMC3353944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional profiling highlighted a subset of genes encoding putative multidrug transporters in the pathogen Bacillus cereus that were up-regulated during stress produced by bile salts. One of these multidrug transporters (BC4707) was selected for investigation. Functional characterization of the BC4707 protein in Escherichia coli revealed a role in the energized efflux of xenobiotics. Phenotypic analyses after inactivation of the gene bc4707 in Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 suggested a more specific, but modest role in the efflux of norfloxacin. In addition to this, transcriptional analyses showed that BC4707 is also expressed during growth of B. cereus under non-stressful conditions where it may have a role in the normal physiology of the bacteria. Altogether, the results indicate that bc4707, which is part of the core genome of the B. cereus group of bacteria, encodes a multidrug resistance efflux protein that is likely involved in maintaining intracellular homeostasis during growth of the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Simm
- Laboratory for Microbial Dynamics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aniko Vörös
- Laboratory for Microbial Dynamics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jaakko V. Ekman
- Department of Biosciences, Biocenter 1, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marianne Sødring
- Laboratory for Microbial Dynamics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingerid Nes
- Laboratory for Microbial Dynamics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jasmin K. Kroeger
- Laboratory for Microbial Dynamics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Kim E. Bettaney
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. F. Henderson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anne-Brit Kolstø
- Laboratory for Microbial Dynamics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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