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De Marchi M. Some Relationships among Different Ways of Increasing Rational Knowledge. AJIBM 2020; 10:1139-1143. [DOI: 10.4236/ajibm.2020.106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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De Marchi M. Searching for a Possible Relationship between Propensity to Savings and Rate of Profit. AJIBM 2020; 10:1336-1339. [DOI: 10.4236/ajibm.2020.108088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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De Marchi M. Postscript to: Why A. Smith Might Have Been Right, after All. AJIBM 2020; 10:1136-1138. [DOI: 10.4236/ajibm.2020.106075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Marchi MD. On Indicators Oecd Proposes for Gauging Science & Technology. AJIBM 2019; 09:2078-2082. [DOI: 10.4236/ajibm.2019.911137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Marchi MD. Why A. Smith Might Have Been Right, After All. AJIBM 2019; 09:1980-1982. [DOI: 10.4236/ajibm.2019.911129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Menti E, Lanera C, Lorenzoni G, Giachino DF, Marchi MD, Gregori D, Berchialla P. Bayesian Machine Learning Techniques for revealing complex interactions among genetic and clinical factors in association with extra-intestinal Manifestations in IBD patients. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2017; 2016:884-893. [PMID: 28269885 PMCID: PMC5333221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study is to assess the predictive performance of three different techniques as classifiers for extra-intestinal manifestations in 152 patients with Crohn's disease. Naïve Bayes, Bayesian Additive Regression Trees and Bayesian Networks implemented using a Greedy Thick Thinning algorithm for learning dependencies among variables and EM algorithm for learning conditional probabilities associated to each variable are taken into account. Three sets of variables were considered: (i) disease characteristics: presentation, behavior and location (ii) risk factors: age, gender, smoke and familiarity and (iii) genetic polymorphisms of the NOD2, CD14, TNFA, IL12B, and IL1RN genes, whose involvement in Crohn's disease is known or suspected. Extra-intestinal manifestations occurred in 75 patients. Bayesian Networks achieved accuracy of 82% when considering only clinical factors and 89% when considering also genetic information, outperforming the other techniques. CD14 has a small predicting capability. Adding TNFA, IL12B to the 3020insC NOD2 variant improved the accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Menti
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - C Lanera
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - G Lorenzoni
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela F Giachino
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Mario De Marchi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Dario Gregori
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
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Mandrile G, Di Gregorio E, Goel H, Giachino D, De Mercanti S, Iudicello M, Rolando M, Losa S, De Marchi M, Brusco A. Heterozygous Deletion of KLHL1/ATX8OS at the SCA8 Locus Is Unlikely Associated With Cerebellar Impairment in Humans. Cerebellum 2016; 15:208-12. [PMID: 25998497 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-015-0679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Mandrile
- Medical Genetics, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, 10043, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Gregorio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, via Santena 19, Torino, 10126, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino University Hospital, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Himanshu Goel
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Callaghan and Hunter Genetics, University of Newcastle, Waratah, NSW2308, Australia
| | - Daniela Giachino
- Medical Genetics, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, 10043, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043, Italy
| | - Stefania De Mercanti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043, Italy
- Neurology Division, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, 10043, Italy
| | - Marco Iudicello
- Neurology Division, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, 10043, Italy
| | - Marco Rolando
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale TO3 di Collegno e Pinerolo, Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Collegno, 10093, Italy
| | - Sabrina Losa
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale TO3 di Collegno e Pinerolo, Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Collegno, 10093, Italy
| | - Mario De Marchi
- Medical Genetics, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, 10043, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, via Santena 19, Torino, 10126, Italy.
- Medical Genetics, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino University Hospital, Torino, 10126, Italy.
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Reimondo G, Chiodini I, Puglisi S, Pia A, Morelli V, Kastelan D, Cannavo S, Berchialla P, Giachino D, Perotti P, Cuccurullo A, Paccotti P, Beck-Peccoz P, De Marchi M, Terzolo M. Analysis of BCLI, N363S and ER22/23EK Polymorphisms of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene in Adrenal Incidentalomas. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162437. [PMID: 27649075 PMCID: PMC5029814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with adrenal incidentalomas (AI) may experience detrimental consequences due to a minimal cortisol excess sustained by adrenal adenoma. SNPs of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) modulate individual sensitivity to glucocorticoids and may interfere with the clinical presentation. OBJECTIVE To compare the frequency of N363S, ER22/23EK and BclI SNPs in patients with AI with the general population and to evaluate whether these SNPs are linked to consequences of cortisol excess. SETTING Multicentric, retrospective analysis of patients referred from 2010 to 2014 to 4 centers (Orbassano, Milano, Messina [Italy] and Zagreb [Croatia]). PATIENTS 411 patients with AI; 153 males and 258 females and 186 from blood donors. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES All patients and controls were genotyped for BclI, N363S and ER22/23EK and SNPs frequency was associated with clinical and hormonal features. RESULTS SNP frequency was: SNP frequency was: N363S 5.4% (MAF 0.027), BclI 54.7% (MAF 0.328), ER22/23EK 4.4% (MAF 0.022), without any significant difference between patients and controls. N363S was more frequent in hypertensive patients (p = 0.03) and was associated with hypertension (p = 0.015) in patients with suppressed cortisol after the 1-mg DST. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that SNPs of the glucocorticoid receptor gene do not play a pathogenetic role for AI. The impact of any single SNP on the phenotypic expression of minimal cortisol excess is limited and their analysis does not provide additional data that may be exploited for patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Reimondo
- Internal Medicine 1, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Iacopo Chiodini
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Soraya Puglisi
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino Hospital, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Pia
- Internal Medicine 1, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Valentina Morelli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Darko Kastelan
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Salvatore Cannavo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino Hospital, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Statistical Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga, Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Daniela Giachino
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Paola Perotti
- Internal Medicine 1, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cuccurullo
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Piero Paccotti
- Internal Medicine 1, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Paolo Beck-Peccoz
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario De Marchi
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Massimo Terzolo
- Internal Medicine 1, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
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Pagliarini R, Castello R, Napolitano F, Borzone R, Annunziata P, Mandrile G, De Marchi M, Brunetti-Pierri N, di Bernardo D. In Silico Modeling of Liver Metabolism in a Human Disease Reveals a Key Enzyme for Histidine and Histamine Homeostasis. Cell Rep 2016; 15:2292-2300. [PMID: 27239044 PMCID: PMC4906368 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hyperoxaluria type I (PH1) is an autosomal-recessive inborn error of liver metabolism caused by alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) deficiency. In silico modeling of liver metabolism in PH1 recapitulated accumulation of known biomarkers as well as alteration of histidine and histamine levels, which we confirmed in vitro, in vivo, and in PH1 patients. AGT-deficient mice showed decreased vascular permeability, a readout of in vivo histamine activity. Histamine reduction is most likely caused by increased catabolism of the histamine precursor histidine, triggered by rerouting of alanine flux from AGT to the glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (GPT, also known as the alanine-transaminase ALT). Alanine administration reduces histamine levels in wild-type mice, while overexpression of GPT in PH1 mice increases plasma histidine, normalizes histamine levels, restores vascular permeability, and decreases urinary oxalate levels. Our work demonstrates that genome-scale metabolic models are clinically relevant and can link genotype to phenotype in metabolic disorders. In silico model of liver metabolism reveals global metabolic alterations in PH1 Changes in amino acid metabolism in PH1 result in a reduction of histidine and histamine GPT overexpression normalizes histamine levels and reduces oxalate in PH1 mice
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roberta Borzone
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Mandrile
- Medical Genetics, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; Department of Clinical & Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Mario De Marchi
- Medical Genetics, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; Department of Clinical & Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Diego di Bernardo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Engineering, Federico II University, 80125 Naples, Italy.
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De Marchi M. A taxonomy of S&T indicators. Scientometrics 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-015-1823-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cochat P, Hulton SA, Acquaviva C, Danpure CJ, Daudon M, De Marchi M, Fargue S, Groothoff J, Harambat J, Hoppe B, Jamieson NV, Kemper MJ, Mandrile G, Marangella M, Picca S, Rumsby G, Salido E, Straub M, van Woerden CS. Primary hyperoxaluria Type 1: indications for screening and guidance for diagnosis and treatment. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27:1729-36. [PMID: 22547750 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hyperoxaluria Type 1 is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of glyoxylate metabolism, caused by a deficiency of the liver-specific enzyme alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. The disorder results in overproduction and excessive urinary excretion of oxalate, causing recurrent urolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis. As glomerular filtration rate declines due to progressive renal involvement, oxalate accumulates leading to systemic oxalosis. The diagnosis is based on clinical and sonographic findings, urine oxalate assessment, enzymology and/or DNA analysis. Early initiation of conservative treatment (high fluid intake, pyridoxine, inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystallization) aims at maintaining renal function. In chronic kidney disease Stages 4 and 5, the best outcomes to date were achieved with combined liver-kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cochat
- Reference Center for Rare Renal Diseases & EPICIME, Department of Paediatrics, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
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Schaeffer C, Cattaneo A, Trudu M, Santambrogio S, Bernascone I, Giachino D, Caridi G, Campo A, Murtas C, Benoni S, Izzi C, De Marchi M, Amoroso A, Ghiggeri GM, Scolari F, Bachi A, Rampoldi L. [Mutant uromodulin is secreted in the urine of patients with familial hyperuricemic nephropathy and induces the formation of extracellular aggregates]. G Ital Nefrol 2012; 29:137-141. [PMID: 22538938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Epistolato MC, Disciglio V, Livide G, Berchialla P, Mencarelli MA, Marozza A, Amenduni M, Hadjistilianou T, De Francesco S, Acquaviva A, Toti P, Cetta F, Ariani F, De Marchi M, Renieri A, Giachino D. p53 Arg72Pro and MDM2 309 SNPs in hereditary retinoblastoma. J Hum Genet 2011; 56:685-6. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2011.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rainero I, Ostacoli L, Rubino E, Gallone S, Picci LR, Fenoglio P, Negro E, Rosso C, De Martino P, De Marchi M, Furlan PM, Pinessi L. Association between major mood disorders and the hypocretin receptor 1 gene. J Affect Disord 2011; 130:487-91. [PMID: 21071097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggested a role for hypocretins in the neurobiology of Major Mood Disorders (MMD). The purpose of this study was to investigate hypocretin involvement in MMD evaluating whether particular alleles or genotypes of the hypocretin pathway genes (HCRT, HCRTR1 and HCRTR2) would modify the occurrence and clinical features of the disease. METHODS We selected for the study 229 MMD patients and 259 healthy age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched controls. Cases and controls were genotyped for several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the HCRT, HCRTR1, and HCRTR2 genes. RESULTS We found that allelic and genotypic frequencies of the rs2271933 G>A polymorphism (Ile408Val) in the HCRTR1 gene were significantly different between cases and controls (p=0.003 and p=0.0004, respectively). The carriage of the A allele was associated with a significantly increased disease risk (OR:1.60, 95% C.I. 1.22-2.10). In addition, we found a significant association between HCRTR1 haplotypes and the disease (permutation p<0.0001). In the analysis of subgroups we confirmed the association only in patients with unipolar depression. LIMITATIONS Our sample was relatively small and included only cases and controls recruited from Northern Italy. Analysis of the disease subgroups warrants reexamination with more subjects. Finally, the effects of the rs2271933 G>A polymorphism on the hypocretin-1 receptor function are unknown. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the HCRTR1 gene or a linked locus may modulate the risk for Major Mood Disorders and supports recent studies suggesting an involvement of hypocretin neurotransmitter system in affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocenzo Rainero
- Neurology II, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Italy.
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De Marchi M, Rocchi M. Note on R&D expenditures and fixed capital formation. Scientometrics 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-010-0225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Robbiano A, Frecer V, Miertus J, Zadro C, Ulivi S, Bevilacqua E, Mandrile G, De Marchi M, Miertus S, Amoroso A. Modeling the effect of 3 missense AGXT mutations on dimerization of the AGT enzyme in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. J Nephrol 2010; 23:667-676. [PMID: 20564000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations of the AGXT gene encoding the alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase liver enzyme (AGT) cause primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1). Here we report a molecular modeling study of selected missense AGXT mutations: the common Gly170Arg and the recently described Gly47Arg and Ser81Leu variants, predicted to be pathogenic using standard criteria. METHODS Taking advantage of the refined 3D structure of AGT, we computed the dimerization energy of the wild-type and mutated proteins. RESULTS Molecular modeling predicted that Gly47Arg affects dimerization with a similar effect to that shown previously for Gly170Arg through classical biochemical approaches. In contrast, no effect on dimerization was predicted for Ser81Leu. Therefore, this probably demonstrates pathogenic properties via a different mechanism, similar to that described for the adjacent Gly82Glu mutation that affects pyridoxine binding. CONCLUSION This study shows that the molecular modeling approach can contribute to evaluating the pathogenicity of some missense variants that affect dimerization. However, in silico studies--aimed to assess the relationship between structural change and biological effects--require the integrated use of more than 1 tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Robbiano
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole, Orbassano, Italy
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Turinetto V, Porcedda P, Minieri V, Orlando L, Lantelme E, Accomasso L, Amoroso A, De Marchi M, Zannini L, Delia D, Giachino C. A novel defect in mitochondrial p53 accumulation following DNA damage confers apoptosis resistance in Ataxia Telangiectasia and Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome T-cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2010; 9:1200-8. [PMID: 20947454 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that whereas T-cells from normal individuals undergo accumulation of p53 and apoptosis when treated with the genotoxic agent Actinomycin D (ActD), those from Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT) and Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS) patients resist ActD-induced apoptosis [1]. We have now found similar resistance by the p53-null Jurkat T-cell line and by siRNA p53-knockdown normal T-cells. This evidence that ActD initiates a p53-dependent apoptotic responce prompted us to look for defective p53 accumulation by AT and NBS T-cells. Surprisingly the total p53 level was only slightly reduced compared to normal T cells but its intracellular localization was highly defective: p53 was poorly accumulated in the cytosol and nearly undetectable in mitochondria. In accordance with the dependence of ActD-induced apoptosis on a mitochondrial p53 function, in control T-cells specific inhibition of mitochondrial p53 translocation with μ pifithrin reduced apoptosis by 86%, whereas treatment with α pifithrin, which blocks p53-mediated transcription, had no effect. We also showed that nuclear export is not required for mitochondrial p53 translocation. Observation of an altered p53 ubiquitination pattern and Mdm2 accumulation in ActD-treated AT and NBS T-cells provided a mechanistic link to their defective extranuclear p53 localization. Our results disclose an undescribed defect in mitochondrial p53 accumulation in AT and NBS T-cells that makes them resistant to apoptosis following unrepairable DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Turinetto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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Robbiano A, Mandrile G, De Marchi M, Beck B, Baasner A, Murer L, Benetti E, Giachino D. Novel human pathological mutations. Gene symbol: AGXT. Disease: hyperoxaluria. Hum Genet 2010; 127:468. [PMID: 21488232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Robbiano
- S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Torino, Orbassano (TO), Italy
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Porcedda P, Turinetto V, Orlando L, Lantelme E, Brusco A, De Marchi M, Amoroso A, Ricardi U, Gregori D, Giachino C. Two-tier analysis of histone H2AX phosphorylation allows the identification of Ataxia Telangiectasia heterozygotes. Radiother Oncol 2009; 92:133-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2008.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Marchi MD. Measuring scientific research and technological innovation. IJTPM 2009; 9:399. [DOI: 10.1504/ijtpm.2009.032054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Punzi L, Furlan A, Podswiadek M, Gava A, Valente M, De Marchi M, Peserico A. Clinical and genetic aspects of Blau syndrome: a 25-year follow-up of one family and a literature review. Autoimmun Rev 2008; 8:228-32. [PMID: 18718560 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2008.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Blau syndrome (BS) is a rare familial disease transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, characterized by arthritis, uveitis, skin rash and granulomatous inflammation. Until now BS has been observed in 136 persons belonging to 28 families as well as in 4 sporadic cases. The gene responsible for BS has recently been identified in the nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of caspase recruitment domain (CARD15/NOD2), also involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. In addition to three missense mutations (R334Q, R334W and L469F) previously identified, a new CARD 15 mutation (E383K) has recently been described in a family followed by us for the past 25 years. The characteristics of this family which, to our knowledge, is the only one affected with BS in Italy, are the object of this manuscript. Both the proband and her daughter were originally affected with a papulonodular skin eruption and then with mild arthritis of the hands and feet. The proband, but not the daughter, complained of severe chronic bilateral uveitis, followed by glaucoma and, a few years later, by cataracts. Histological examination of skin biopsies from both subjects and a joint biopsy (daughter only), showed non-caseating granulomas with multinucleated giant cells which, at electron microscopy, revealed "comma-shaped bodies" in epithelioid cells, thought to be a marker for BS. The disease is presently well controlled with low doses of prednisone for the mother and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) plus low doses of prednisone, when necessary, for the daughter. As in Crohn's disease, CARD15/NOD2 mutation is believed to be responsible for the granulomatous autoinflammatory reactions probably triggered by microorganisms in BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Punzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padova, Italy.
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Gerosa F, Baldani-Guerra B, Lyakh LA, Batoni G, Esin S, Winkler-Pickett RT, Consolaro MR, De Marchi M, Giachino D, Robbiano A, Astegiano M, Sambataro A, Kastelein RA, Carra G, Trinchieri G. Differential regulation of interleukin 12 and interleukin 23 production in human dendritic cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 205:1447-61. [PMID: 18490488 PMCID: PMC2413040 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20071450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed interleukin (IL) 12 and IL-23 production by monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mono-DCs). Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and zymosan preferentially induced IL-23. IL-23 but not IL-12 was efficiently induced by the combination of nucleotide-binding oligodimerization domain and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligands, which mimics activation by M. tuberculosis, or by the human dectin-1 ligand β-glucan alone or in combination with TLR2 ligands, mimicking induction by zymosan. TLR2 ligands inhibited IL-12 and increased IL-23 production. DC priming with interferon (IFN) γ strongly increased IL-12 production, but was not required for IL-23 production and inhibited IL-23 production induced by β-glucan. The pattern of IL-12 and IL-23 induction was reflected in accumulation of the IL-12p35 and IL-23p19 transcripts, respectively, but not IL-12/23p40. Although IL-23, transforming growth factor β, and IL-6 contained in the supernatants of activated mono-DCs played a role in the induction of IL-17 by human CD4+ T cells, IL-1β, in combination with one or more of those factors, was required for IL-17 production, and its production determined the differential ability of the stimuli used to elicit mono-DCs to produce soluble factors directing IL-17 production. Thus, the differential ability of pathogens to induce antigen-presenting cells to produce cytokines regulates the immune response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Gerosa
- Department of Pathology, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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Lantelme E, Orlando L, Porcedda P, Turinetto V, De Marchi M, Amoroso A, Mantovani S, Giachino C. An in vitro model of T cell receptor revision in mature human CD8+ T cells. Mol Immunol 2007; 45:328-37. [PMID: 17659780 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Revised: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 06/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
V(D)J recombination is a mechanism peculiar to the somatic rearrangement of antigen receptor genes. It requires both expression of the RAG-1 and RAG-2 recombinases and accessibility of the substrate to its recombinase and post-cleavage/DNA repair stage. TCR revision is a genetic correction mechanism that changes T cell specificity by re-activating V(D)J recombination in peripheral T cells. This process is now well described in both normal or pathological murine and human settings. Many of its features, such as the question of whether it occurs in truly mature T cells, remain to be elucidated. Its occurrence in human CD8+ T cells is also an open question. We have therefore established an in vitro model of TCR revision in mature human CD8+ T cells to determine whether down-regulation of the TCR/CD3 complex from the cell surface in the presence of IL7 as a factor favouring chromatin remodelling initiates a TCR revision pathway. Only mature CD8+ T cells carrying already-formed antigen receptors were used. CD8+ T cells treated with anti-CD3 and IL7 showed rearrangement intermediates and expressed new Vbeta-chains on their surface. Investigation of the molecular pathway thus induced disclosed up-regulation of the RAG-2 transcript, but absence of the 'canonical' RAG-1 mRNA. A surprising finding was the demonstration of alternative splice forms of this mRNA, already expressed in untreated CD8+ T cells, encoding for the full-length RAG-1 protein, which was increased three-fold in the treated cells. All the V(D)J requirements were thus fulfilled when mature human CD8+ T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 and IL7. Induction of TCR revision in vitro in mature T cells is an easily controllable system that could be employed in further studies to elucidate the molecular pathways involved in secondary V(D)J rearrangements in peripheral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Lantelme
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
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Giachino DF, Regazzoni S, Bardessono M, De Marchi M, Gregori D. Modeling the role of genetic factors in characterizing extra-intestinal manifestations in Crohn's disease patients: does this improve outcome predictions? Curr Med Res Opin 2007; 23:1657-65. [PMID: 17588296 DOI: 10.1185/030079907x210471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate to what extent an inefficient statistical model affects the study of genetic factors in extra-intestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease (CD) and how clinical predictions can be improved using more adequate techniques. MATERIALS Extra-intestinal manifestations were studied in 152 CD patients. Three sets of variables were considered: (1) disease characteristics--presentation, behavior, location; (2) generic risk factors--age, gender, smoke and familiarity; and (3) genetic polymorphisms of the NOD2, CD14, TNF, IL12B, and IL1RN genes, whose involvement in CD is known or suspected. METHODS Six statistical classifiers and data mining models were applied: (1) logistic regression as a benchmark; (2) generalized additive model; (3) projection pursuit regression; (4) linear discriminant analysis, (5) quadratic discriminant analysis; (6) artificial neural networks one-layer feed forward. Models were selected using the Akaike Information criterion and their accuracy was compared with several indexes. RESULTS Extra-intestinal manifestations occurred in 75 patients. The model with clinical variables only selected familiarity, gender, presentation, and behavior as significantly associated with extra-intestinal manifestations, whereas when the genetic factors were also included familiarity was no longer significant, being replaced by the NOD2, TNF, and IL12B single nucleotide polymorphisms. The projection pursuit regression performed best in predicting individual outcomes (Kappa statistics 0.078 [SE 0.09] without and 0.108 [SE 0.075] with genetic information). One-layer artificial neural networks did not show any particular improvement in terms of model accuracy over nonlinear techniques. CONCLUSIONS The correct identification of factors associated with extra-intestinal symptoms in CD, in particular the genetic ones, is highly dependent on the model chosen for the analysis. By using the most sophisticated statistical models, the accuracy of prediction can be strengthened by 10-64%, compared with linear regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F Giachino
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Clmical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Ceci A, De Marchi M, Rocchi M. A note on innovation in the chemical industy in Italy. Scientometrics 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-006-0172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Porcedda P, Turinetto V, Lantelme E, Fontanella E, Chrzanowska K, Ragona R, De Marchi M, Delia D, Giachino C. Impaired elimination of DNA double-strand break-containing lymphocytes in ataxia telangiectasia and Nijmegen breakage syndrome. DNA Repair (Amst) 2006; 5:904-13. [PMID: 16765653 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The repair of DNA double-strand breaks is critical for genome integrity and tumor suppression. Here we show that following treatment with the DNA-intercalating agent actinomycin D (ActD), normal quiescent T cells accumulate double-strand breaks and die, whereas T cells from ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) patients are resistant to this death pathway despite a comparable amount of DNA damage. We demonstrate that the ActD-induced death pathway in quiescent T lymphocytes follows DNA damage and H2AX phosphorylation, is ATM- and NBS1-dependent and due to p53-mediated cellular apoptosis. In response to genotoxic 2-Gy gamma-irradiation, on the other hand, quiescent T cells from normal donors survive following complete resolution of the damage thus induced. T cells from AT and NBS patients also survive, but retain foci of phosphorylated H2AX due to a subtle double-strand break (DSB) repair defect. A common consequence of these two genetic defects in the DSB response is the apparent tolerance of cells containing DNA breaks. We suggest that this tolerance makes a major contribution to the oncogenic risk of patients with chromosome instability syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Porcedda
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
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Abstract
The caspase recruitment domain gene CARD15/NOD2, encoding a cellular receptor involved in an NF-kappaB-mediated pathway of innate immunity, was first identified as a major susceptibility gene for Crohn's disease (CD), and more recently, as responsible for Blau syndrome (BS), a rare autosomal-dominant trait characterized by arthritis, uveitis, skin rash and granulomatous inflammation. While CARD15 variants associated with CD are located within or near the C-terminal leucine-rich repeat domain and cause decreased NF-kappaB activation, BS mutations affect the central nucleotide-binding NACHT domain and result in increased NF-kappaB activation. In an Italian family with BS, we detected a novel mutation E383K, whose pathogenicity is strongly supported by cosegregation with the disease in the family and absence in controls, and by the evolutionary conservation and structural role of the affected glutamate close to the Walker B motif of the nucleotide-binding site in the NACHT domain. Interestingly, substitutions at corresponding positions in another NACHT family member cause similar autoinflammatory phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan M van Duist
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
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Jais JP, Knebelmann B, Giatras I, De Marchi M, Rizzoni G, Renieri A, Weber M, Gross O, Netzer KO, Flinter F, Pirson Y, Dahan K, Wieslander J, Persson U, Tryggvason K, Martin P, Hertz JM, Schröder C, Sanak M, Carvalho MF, Saus J, Antignac C, Smeets H, Gubler MC. X-linked Alport syndrome: natural history and genotype-phenotype correlations in girls and women belonging to 195 families: a "European Community Alport Syndrome Concerted Action" study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 14:2603-10. [PMID: 14514738 DOI: 10.1097/01.asn.0000090034.71205.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alport syndrome (AS) is a type IV collagen hereditary disease characterized by progressive hematuric nephritis, hearing loss, and ocular changes. Mutations in the COL4A5 collagen gene are responsible for the more common X-linked dominant form of the disease characterized by much less severe disease in girls and women. A "European Community Alport Syndrome Concerted Action" (ECASCA) group was established to delineate the Alport syndrome phenotype in each gender and to determine genotype-phenotype correlations in a large number of families. Data concerning 329 families, 250 of them with an X-linked transmission, were collected. Characteristics of heterozygous girls and women belonging to the 195 families with proven COL4A5 mutation are compared with those of hemizygous boys and men. Hematuria was observed in 95% of carriers and consistently absent in the others. Proteinuria, hearing loss, and ocular defects developed in 75%, 28%, and 15%, respectively. The probability of developing end-stage renal disease or deafness before the age of 40 yr was 12% and 10%, respectively, in girls and women versus 90 and 80%, respectively, in boys and men. The risk of progression to end-stage renal disease appears to increase after the age of 60 yr in women. Because of the absence of genotype-phenotype correlation and the large intrafamilial phenotypic heterogeneity, early prognosis of the disease in X-linked Alport syndrome carriers remains moot. Risk factors for developing renal failure have been identified: the occurrence and progressive increase in proteinuria, and the development of a hearing defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Philippe Jais
- Biostatistique et Informatique Médicale, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université René Descartes, Paris, France
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Lantelme E, Turinetto V, Mantovani S, Marchi A, Regazzoni S, Porcedda P, De Marchi M, Giachino C. Analysis of secondary V(D)J rearrangements in mature, peripheral T cells of ataxia-telangiectasia heterozygotes. J Transl Med 2003; 83:1467-75. [PMID: 14563948 DOI: 10.1097/01.lab.0000092228.51605.6a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is a rare recessive disease with pleiotropic involvement of the nervous and lymphoid systems. AT heterozygotes have a population frequency of about 1%, and although not manifesting any overt clinical symptoms, they have an increased mortality, mainly because of cancer and ischemic heart disease. We and others have described a mature T lymphocyte population with an altered T cell receptor surface expression ("TCR variant") that reactivates the recombination activating genes (RAG) and is expanded in the blood of patients with AT. In view of the known role of V(D)J recombination in the onset of tumorigenic translocations, we proposed that the increased RAG activity was responsible for the predisposition of AT homozygotes to develop mature-type T leukemia/lymphoma. In the present report, we used cytofluorimetry to quantify the TCR variant population and the memory/naïve T-cell compartments in the blood of AT heterozygotes compared with AT patients and controls. We assessed the expression of different recombinase genes through RT-PCR/oligotyping and cytofluorometric analysis and searched for rearrangement intermediates by ligase-mediated PCR in T-cell lines from four heterozygous carriers. We found the TCR variant population was increased on average 2x in AT heterozygotes (vs 10x in homozygotes) compared with controls, and naïve CD4(+) T lymphocytes were reduced on average 0.5x (vs 0.1x in homozygotes). We were able to demonstrate recombinase gene expression in all four heterozygous T-cell lines, and rearrangement intermediates, indicative of ongoing V(D)J recombination, in two. These rearrangements were compatible with V-gene replacement, a mechanism of receptor editing described for Ig and TCRalpha genes, to our knowledge not previously documented for TCRbeta. In conclusion, we found that RAG reactivation and secondary V(D)J rearrangements, potential risk factors of mature-type leukemia in AT homozygotes, also take place in AT heterozygous carriers and might place this large population fraction at an increased risk of leukemia/lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Lantelme
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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Mazzucco G, De Marchi M, Monga G. Renal biopsy interpretation in Alport Syndrome. Semin Diagn Pathol 2002; 19:133-45. [PMID: 12180634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Alport Syndrome is a heritable progressive renal disease that, despite the large number of published studies, because of its genetic, clinical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural heterogeneity, still remains a diagnostic challenge. The focus of the discussion is on electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry Col (IV) chains. The differential diagnosis from thin glomerular basement membrane disease is discussed in depth, because both are familial, and can have similar clinical presentation and even ultrastructural pathology, but with a different outcome. The diagnostic role of molecular genetics, which identified the presence of collagen IV gene mutations and its relationship to the phenotypic expression of the renal damage, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Mazzucco
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Torino, Italy.
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Longo I, Porcedda P, Mari F, Giachino D, Meloni I, Deplano C, Brusco A, Bosio M, Massella L, Lavoratti G, Roccatello D, Frascá G, Mazzucco G, Muda AO, Conti M, Fasciolo F, Arrondel C, Heidet L, Renieri A, De Marchi M. COL4A3/COL4A4 mutations: from familial hematuria to autosomal-dominant or recessive Alport syndrome. Kidney Int 2002; 61:1947-56. [PMID: 12028435 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED COL4A3/COL4A4 mutations: From familial hematuria to autosomal-dominant or recessive Alport syndrome. BACKGROUND Mutations of the type IV collagen COL4A5 gene cause X-linked Alport syndrome (ATS). Mutations of COL4A3 and COL4A4 have been reported both in autosomal-recessive and autosomal-dominant ATS, as well as in benign familial hematuria (BFH). In the latter conditions, however, clinical features are less defined, few mutations have been reported, and other genes and non-genetic factors may be involved. METHODS We analyzed 36 ATS patients for COL4A3 and COL4A4 mutations by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and direct sequencing. Sporadic patients who had tested negative for COL4A5 mutations were included with typical cases of autosomal recessive ATS to secure a better definition of the phenotype spectrum. RESULTS We identified seven previously undescribed COL4A3 mutations: in two genetic compounds and three heterozygotes, and one in COL4A4. In agreement with the literature, some of the mutations of compound heterozygotes were associated with microhematuria in healthy heterozygous relatives. The mutations of heterozygous patients are likely dominant, since no change was identified in the second allele even by sequencing, and they are predicted to result in shortened or abnormal chains with a possible dominant-negative effect. In addition, both genes showed rare variants of unclear pathogenicity, and common polymorphisms that are shared in part with other populations. CONCLUSIONS This study extends the mutation spectrum of COL4A3 and COL4A4 genes, and suggests a possible relationship between production of abnormal COL IV chains and dominant expression of a continuous spectrum of phenotypes, from ATS to BFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Longo
- Genetica Medica, Università di Siena, Siena; Dip. Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche and Genetica, Biologia e Biochimica, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Bruttini M, Vitelli F, Meloni I, Rizzari G, Volpe MD, Mazzucco G, Marchi MD, Renieri A. Mosaicism in Alport syndrome with genetic counselling. J Med Genet 2000; 37:717-9. [PMID: 11182935 PMCID: PMC1734698 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.37.9.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hämäläinen E, Renieri A, Pecoraro C, De Marchi M, Pihlajaniemi T. Unequal homologous crossing over resulting in duplication of 36 base pairs within Exon 47 of the COL4A5 gene in a family with Alport syndrome. Hum Mutat 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1996)8:3<265::aid-humu11>3.3.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Trinchieri G, De Marchi M. Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Humans. The Journal of Immunology 1976. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.116.4.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Different classes of protease inhibitors and substrates were tested for their effect on the ability of human lymphocytes to mediate antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (Ab CMC). All the inhibitors tested (serine esterase inhibitors, chloromethyl ketone derivatives of tosyl-amino acids, synthetic protease substrates), except for the naturally occurring protease inhibitors (derived from soybean, lima bean, and porcine pancreas), were able to suppress, or to reduce significantly, the cytotoxicity. In the absence of a direct demonstration of an esterase activity, sensitive to the action of the inhibitors in the effector lymphocytes, careful controls were used to restrict the possibility that some nonspecific effect of the drugs was being interpreted. Particularly, the dependence of the inhibition of cytotoxicity as an effect of drugs on membrane transport mechanisms or on energy metabolism was excluded. The similarity between results obtained with compounds of different chemical characteristics and different molecular mechanisms of action supports a specific effect of the inhibitor on cellular esterase(s) or possibly protease(s). The fully reversible inhibition obtained with serine esterase inhibitors suggests that the relevant enzymes are activated only after effector-target cell interaction; the irreversible effect of chloromethyl ketone derivatives, however, does not allow the participation of already activated enzymes to be excluded.
The results presented in this study on the probable role of cellular esterases, on cation requirement and on the sequence of biochemical steps in Ab CMC add a new element to the analogy between this cellular phenomenon and different types of cytotoxicity or other immunologically induced cellular reactions, suggesting that the biochemical mechanisms of cytotoxicity may partly reflect a common pattern of cellular response to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Trinchieri
- Basel Institute for Immunology From the , Basel, Switzerland and , Italy
- Istituto di Genetica Medica, Universitá di Torino From the , Basel, Switzerland and , Italy
| | - Mario De Marchi
- Basel Institute for Immunology From the , Basel, Switzerland and , Italy
- Istituto di Genetica Medica, Universitá di Torino From the , Basel, Switzerland and , Italy
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