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Wegman E, Wosiski-Kuhn M, Luo Y. The dual role of striatal interneurons: circuit modulation and trophic support for the basal ganglia. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1277-1283. [PMID: 37905876 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Striatal interneurons play a key role in modulating striatal-dependent behaviors, including motor activity and reward and emotional processing. Interneurons not only provide modulation to the basal ganglia circuitry under homeostasis but are also involved in changes to plasticity and adaptation during disease conditions such as Parkinson's or Huntington's disease. This review aims to summarize recent findings regarding the role of striatal cholinergic and GABAergic interneurons in providing circuit modulation to the basal ganglia in both homeostatic and disease conditions. In addition to direct circuit modulation, striatal interneurons have also been shown to provide trophic support to maintain neuron populations in adulthood. We discuss this interesting and novel role of striatal interneurons, with a focus on the maintenance of adult dopaminergic neurons from interneuron-derived sonic-hedgehog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Wegman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marlena Wosiski-Kuhn
- Department of Emergency Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Milligan C, Atassi N, Babu S, Barohn RJ, Caress JB, Cudkowicz ME, Evora A, Hawkins GA, Wosiski-Kuhn M, Macklin EA, Shefner JM, Simmons Z, Bowser RP, Ladha SS. Tocilizumab is safe and tolerable and reduces C-reactive protein concentrations in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of ALS patients. Muscle Nerve 2021; 64:309-320. [PMID: 34075589 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS We tested safety, tolerability, and target engagement of tocilizumab in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. METHODS Twenty-two participants, whose peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression profile reflected high messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of inflammatory markers, were randomized 2:1 to three tocilizumab or placebo treatments (weeks 0, 4, and 8; 8 mg/kg intravenous). Participants were followed every 4 wk in a double-blind fashion for 16 wk and assessed for safety, tolerability, plasma inflammatory markers, and clinical measures. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected at baseline and after the third treatment. Participants were genotyped for Asp358 Ala polymorphism of the interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R) gene. RESULTS Baseline characteristics, safety, and tolerability were similar between treatment groups. One serious adverse event was reported in the placebo group; no deaths occurred. Mean plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) level decreased by 88% in the tocilizumab group and increased by 4% in the placebo group (-3.0-fold relative change, P < .001). CSF CRP reduction (-1.8-fold relative change, P = .01) was associated with IL-6R C allele count. No differences in PBMC gene expression or clinical measures were observed between groups. DISCUSSION Tocilizumab treatment was safe and well tolerated. PBMC gene expression profile was inadequate as a predictive or pharmacodynamic biomarker. Treatment reduced CRP levels in plasma and CSF, with CSF effects potentially dependent on IL-6R Asp358 Ala genotype. IL-6 trans-signaling may mediate a distinct central nervous system response in individuals inheriting the IL-6R C allele. These results warrant further study in ALS patients where IL-6R genotype and CRP levels may be useful enrichment biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Milligan
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nazem Atassi
- Department of Neurology, Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Suma Babu
- Department of Neurology, Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard J Barohn
- Department of Neurology, Kansas University, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - James B Caress
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Merit E Cudkowicz
- Department of Neurology, Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Armineuza Evora
- Department of Neurology, Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory A Hawkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marlena Wosiski-Kuhn
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric A Macklin
- Department of Medicine, Biostatistics Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremy M Shefner
- Department of Neurology, Gregory W. Fulton ALS and Neuromuscular Disease Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Zachary Simmons
- Department of Neurology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert P Bowser
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Gregory W. Fulton ALS and Neuromuscular Disease Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Shafeeq S Ladha
- Department of Neurology, Gregory W. Fulton ALS and Neuromuscular Disease Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Wosiski-Kuhn M, Caress JB, Cartwright MS, Hawkins GA, Milligan C. Interleukin 6 (IL6) level is a biomarker for functional disease progression within IL6R358Ala variant groups in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2020; 22:248-259. [DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2020.1813310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Wosiski-Kuhn
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - James B. Caress
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA, and
| | - Michael S. Cartwright
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA, and
| | - Gregory A. Hawkins
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carol Milligan
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Wosiski-Kuhn M, Robinson M, Strupe J, Arounleut P, Martin M, Caress J, Cartwright M, Bowser R, Cudkowicz M, Langefeld C, Hawkins GA, Milligan C. IL6 receptor 358Ala variant and trans-signaling are disease modifiers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2019; 6:e631. [PMID: 31611269 PMCID: PMC6865852 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective To test the hypothesis that patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) inheriting the common interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) coding variant (Asp358Ala, rs2228145, C allele) have associated increases in interleukin 6 (IL6) and IL6R levels in serum and CSF and faster disease progression than noncarriers. Methods An observational, case-control study of paired serum and CSF of 47 patients with ALS, 46 healthy, and 23 neurologic disease controls from the Northeastern ALS Consortium Biofluid Repository (cohort 1) was performed to determine serum levels of IL6, sIL6R, and soluble glycoprotein 130 and compared across groups and IL6R genotype. Clinical data regarding disease progression from a separate cohort of 35 patients with ALS from the Wake Forest ALS Center (cohort 2) were used to determine change in ALSFRS-R scores by genotype. Results Patients with ALS had increased CSF IL6 levels compared with healthy (p < 0.001) and neurologic (p = 0.021) controls. Patients with ALS also had increased serum IL6 compared with healthy (p = 0.040) but not neurologic controls. Additive allelic increases in serum IL6R were observed in all groups (average increase of 52% with the presence of the IL6R C allele; p < 0.001). However, only subjects with ALS had significantly increased CSF sIL6R levels compared with controls (p < 0.001). When compared across genotypes, only patients with ALS inheriting the IL6R C allele exhibit increased CSF IL6. ALSFRS-R scores decreased more in patients with ALS with the IL6R C allele than in those without (p = 0.019). Conclusions Theses results suggest that for individuals inheriting the IL6R C allele, the cytokine exerts a disease- and location-specific role in ALS. Follow-up, prospective studies are necessary, as this subgroup of patients may be identified as ideally responsive to IL6 receptor–blocking therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Wosiski-Kuhn
- From the Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy (M.W.-K., M.R., J.S., P.A., M.M., C.M.); Department of Neurology (J.C., M. Cartwright); and Department of Biochemistry (G.A.H.), Wake Forest School of Medicine; Division of Public Health (C.L.), Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute & St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Department of Neurology (M. Cudkowicz), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and Current Address Department of Pediatrics (M.M.), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus OH
| | - Mac Robinson
- From the Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy (M.W.-K., M.R., J.S., P.A., M.M., C.M.); Department of Neurology (J.C., M. Cartwright); and Department of Biochemistry (G.A.H.), Wake Forest School of Medicine; Division of Public Health (C.L.), Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute & St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Department of Neurology (M. Cudkowicz), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and Current Address Department of Pediatrics (M.M.), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus OH
| | - Jane Strupe
- From the Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy (M.W.-K., M.R., J.S., P.A., M.M., C.M.); Department of Neurology (J.C., M. Cartwright); and Department of Biochemistry (G.A.H.), Wake Forest School of Medicine; Division of Public Health (C.L.), Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute & St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Department of Neurology (M. Cudkowicz), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and Current Address Department of Pediatrics (M.M.), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus OH
| | - Phonepasong Arounleut
- From the Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy (M.W.-K., M.R., J.S., P.A., M.M., C.M.); Department of Neurology (J.C., M. Cartwright); and Department of Biochemistry (G.A.H.), Wake Forest School of Medicine; Division of Public Health (C.L.), Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute & St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Department of Neurology (M. Cudkowicz), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and Current Address Department of Pediatrics (M.M.), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus OH
| | - Matthew Martin
- From the Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy (M.W.-K., M.R., J.S., P.A., M.M., C.M.); Department of Neurology (J.C., M. Cartwright); and Department of Biochemistry (G.A.H.), Wake Forest School of Medicine; Division of Public Health (C.L.), Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute & St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Department of Neurology (M. Cudkowicz), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and Current Address Department of Pediatrics (M.M.), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus OH
| | - James Caress
- From the Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy (M.W.-K., M.R., J.S., P.A., M.M., C.M.); Department of Neurology (J.C., M. Cartwright); and Department of Biochemistry (G.A.H.), Wake Forest School of Medicine; Division of Public Health (C.L.), Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute & St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Department of Neurology (M. Cudkowicz), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and Current Address Department of Pediatrics (M.M.), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus OH
| | - Michael Cartwright
- From the Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy (M.W.-K., M.R., J.S., P.A., M.M., C.M.); Department of Neurology (J.C., M. Cartwright); and Department of Biochemistry (G.A.H.), Wake Forest School of Medicine; Division of Public Health (C.L.), Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute & St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Department of Neurology (M. Cudkowicz), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and Current Address Department of Pediatrics (M.M.), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus OH
| | - Robert Bowser
- From the Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy (M.W.-K., M.R., J.S., P.A., M.M., C.M.); Department of Neurology (J.C., M. Cartwright); and Department of Biochemistry (G.A.H.), Wake Forest School of Medicine; Division of Public Health (C.L.), Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute & St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Department of Neurology (M. Cudkowicz), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and Current Address Department of Pediatrics (M.M.), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus OH
| | - Merit Cudkowicz
- From the Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy (M.W.-K., M.R., J.S., P.A., M.M., C.M.); Department of Neurology (J.C., M. Cartwright); and Department of Biochemistry (G.A.H.), Wake Forest School of Medicine; Division of Public Health (C.L.), Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute & St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Department of Neurology (M. Cudkowicz), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and Current Address Department of Pediatrics (M.M.), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus OH
| | - Carl Langefeld
- From the Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy (M.W.-K., M.R., J.S., P.A., M.M., C.M.); Department of Neurology (J.C., M. Cartwright); and Department of Biochemistry (G.A.H.), Wake Forest School of Medicine; Division of Public Health (C.L.), Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute & St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Department of Neurology (M. Cudkowicz), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and Current Address Department of Pediatrics (M.M.), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus OH
| | - Gregory A Hawkins
- From the Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy (M.W.-K., M.R., J.S., P.A., M.M., C.M.); Department of Neurology (J.C., M. Cartwright); and Department of Biochemistry (G.A.H.), Wake Forest School of Medicine; Division of Public Health (C.L.), Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute & St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Department of Neurology (M. Cudkowicz), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and Current Address Department of Pediatrics (M.M.), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus OH
| | - Carol Milligan
- From the Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy (M.W.-K., M.R., J.S., P.A., M.M., C.M.); Department of Neurology (J.C., M. Cartwright); and Department of Biochemistry (G.A.H.), Wake Forest School of Medicine; Division of Public Health (C.L.), Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute & St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Department of Neurology (M. Cudkowicz), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and Current Address Department of Pediatrics (M.M.), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus OH.
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Pathak S, Caress JB, Wosiski-Kuhn M, Milligan C, Williams D, Cartwright MS. A pilot study of neuromuscular ultrasound as a biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 2018; 59:181-186. [PMID: 30338851 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study explores the reliability and responsiveness of neuromuscular ultrasound in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHODS Investigations were conducted with 10 healthy controls, 10 patients with ALS (single point in time), and 10 different patients with ALS (followed over 6 months; 4 completed follow-up). Ultrasound was used to measure the thickness of the geniohyoid, bilateral biceps/brachialis, bilateral tibialis anterior, and bilateral hemidiaphragms (at inspiration and expiration). Interrater and intrarater reliability and change in muscle thickness over 6 months were measured. RESULTS Interrater correlation coefficients ranged between 0.80 and 0.99 in healthy controls and between 0.78 and 0.97 in patients with ALS. Intrarater correlation coefficients ranged between 0.83 and 0.98 in healthy controls. The mean percentage decline in muscle thickness over 6 months was 20.25%. DISCUSSION Muscle ultrasound appears to be a reliable technique for measuring important muscles in patients with ALS. Larger studies with age-matched controls should be conducted to assess further the responsiveness of this biomarker in ALS. Muscle Nerve 59:181-186, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Pathak
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - James B Caress
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marlena Wosiski-Kuhn
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carol Milligan
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Delaney Williams
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael S Cartwright
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Wosiski-Kuhn M, Bota M, Snider CA, Wilson SP, Venkataraju KU, Osten P, Stranahan AM. Hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor determines recruitment of anatomically connected networks after stress in diabetic mice. Hippocampus 2018; 28:900-912. [PMID: 30098276 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes increases adrenal steroids in humans and animal models, but potential interactions with psychological stress remain poorly understood. Diabetic rodents exhibit anxiety and reductions in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, and these studies investigated whether loss of BDNF-driven hippocampal activity promotes anxiety and disinhibits the HPA axis. Mice with genetic obesity and diabetes (db/db) received intrahippocampal injections of lentivirus for BDNF overexpression (db/db-BDNFOE), and Wt mice received lentiviral constructs for BDNF knockdown (Wt-BDNFKD). Behavioral anxiety and glucocorticoid responses to acute restraint were compared with mice that received a fluorescent reporter (Wt-GFP, db/db-GFP). These experiments revealed that changes in hippocampal BDNF were necessary and sufficient for behavioral anxiety and HPA axis disinhibition. To examine patterns of stress-induced regional activity, we used algorithmic detection of cFos and automated segmentation of forebrain regions to generate maps of functional covariance, which were subsequently aligned with anatomical connectivity weights from the Brain Architecture Management database. db/db-GFP mice exhibited reduced activation of the hippocampal ventral subiculum (vSub) and anterior bed nucleus of stria terminalis (aBNST), and increases in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH), relative to Wt-GFP. BDNFKD recapitulated this pattern in Wt mice, and BDNFOE normalized activation of the vSub > aBNST > PVH pathway in db/db mice. Analysis of forebrain activation revealed largely overlapping patterns of network disruption in db/db-GFP and Wt-BDNFKD mice, implicating BDNF-driven hippocampal activity as a determinant of stress vulnerability in both the intact and diabetic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Wosiski-Kuhn
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mihail Bota
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Christina A Snider
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Steven P Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | | | - Pavel Osten
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Alexis M Stranahan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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Wosiski-Kuhn M, Lyon MS, Caress J, Milligan C. Inflammation, immunity, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: II. immune-modulating therapies. Muscle Nerve 2018; 59:23-33. [PMID: 29979478 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the emerging popularity of immune-modulatory therapies to treat human diseases there is a need to step back from hypotheses aimed at assessing a condition in a single-system context and instead take into account the disease pathology as a whole. In complex diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the use of these therapies to treat patients has been largely unsuccessful and likely premature given our lack of understanding of how the immune system influences disease progression and initiation. In addition, we still have an incomplete understanding of the role of these responses in our model systems and how this may translate clinically to human patients. In this review we discuss preclinical evidence and clinical trial results for a selection of recently conducted studies in ALS. We provide evidence-based reasoning for the failure of these trials and offer suggestions to improve the design of future investigations. Muscle Nerve 59:23-33, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Wosiski-Kuhn
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - Miles S Lyon
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - James Caress
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carol Milligan
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
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Lyon MS, Wosiski-Kuhn M, Gillespie R, Caress J, Milligan C. Inflammation, Immunity, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: I. Etiology and pathology. Muscle Nerve 2018; 59:10-22. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.26289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miles S. Lyon
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard; Winston-Salem North Carolina 27157 USA
| | - Marlena Wosiski-Kuhn
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard; Winston-Salem North Carolina 27157 USA
| | - Rachel Gillespie
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard; Winston-Salem North Carolina 27157 USA
| | - James Caress
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Carol Milligan
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard; Winston-Salem North Carolina 27157 USA
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Dey A, Hao S, Wosiski-Kuhn M, Stranahan AM. Glucocorticoid-mediated activation of GSK3β promotes tau phosphorylation and impairs memory in type 2 diabetes. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 57:75-83. [PMID: 28609678 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau has been reported in rodent models of diabetes, including db/db mice, which exhibit insulin resistance and chronically elevated glucocorticoids due to leptin receptor insufficiency. In this report, we investigated endocrine mechanisms for hippocampal tau phosphorylation in db/db and wild-type mice. By separately manipulating peripheral and intrahippocampal corticosterone levels, we determined that hippocampal corticosteroid exposure promotes tau phosphorylation and activates glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Subsequent experiments in hippocampal slice preparations revealed evidence for a nongenomic interaction between glucocorticoids and GSK3β. To examine whether GSK3β activation mediates tau phosphorylation and impairs memory in diabetes, db/db and wild-type mice received intrahippocampal infusions of TDZD-8, a non-ATP competitive thiadiazolidinone inhibitor of GSK3β. Intrahippocampal TDZD-8 blocked tau hyperphosphorylation and normalized hippocampus-dependent memory in db/db mice, suggesting that pathological synergy between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease may involve glucocorticoid-mediated activation of GSK3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Dey
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shuai Hao
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Marlena Wosiski-Kuhn
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Alexis M Stranahan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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McGee-Lawrence ME, Wenger KH, Misra S, Davis CL, Pollock NK, Elsalanty M, Ding K, Isales CM, Hamrick MW, Wosiski-Kuhn M, Arounleut P, Mattson MP, Cutler RG, Yu JC, Stranahan AM. Whole-Body Vibration Mimics the Metabolic Effects of Exercise in Male Leptin Receptor-Deficient Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1160-1171. [PMID: 28323991 PMCID: PMC5460837 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Whole-body vibration (WBV) has gained attention as a potential exercise mimetic, but direct comparisons with the metabolic effects of exercise are scarce. To determine whether WBV recapitulates the metabolic and osteogenic effects of physical activity, we exposed male wild-type (WT) and leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice to daily treadmill exercise (TE) or WBV for 3 months. Body weights were analyzed and compared with WT and db/db mice that remained sedentary. Glucose and insulin tolerance testing revealed comparable attenuation of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in db/db mice following TE or WBV. Both interventions reduced body weight in db/db mice and normalized muscle fiber diameter. TE or WBV also attenuated adipocyte hypertrophy in visceral adipose tissue and reduced hepatic lipid content in db/db mice. Although the effects of leptin receptor deficiency on cortical bone structure were not eliminated by either intervention, exercise and WBV increased circulating levels of osteocalcin in db/db mice. In the context of increased serum osteocalcin, the modest effects of TE and WBV on bone geometry, mineralization, and biomechanics may reflect subtle increases in osteoblast activity in multiple areas of the skeleton. Taken together, these observations indicate that WBV recapitulates the effects of exercise on metabolism in type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes/metabolism
- Adipocytes/pathology
- Animals
- Body Weight
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Energy Metabolism/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscular Atrophy/genetics
- Muscular Atrophy/metabolism
- Muscular Atrophy/prevention & control
- Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology
- Receptors, Leptin/genetics
- Vibration/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E. McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Karl H. Wenger
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Sudipta Misra
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology Division, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Catherine L. Davis
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
- Physiology Department, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Norman K. Pollock
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
- Physiology Department, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Mohammed Elsalanty
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Kehong Ding
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Carlos M. Isales
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Mark W. Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Marlena Wosiski-Kuhn
- Physiology Department, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Phonepasong Arounleut
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Mark P. Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Roy G. Cutler
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Jack C. Yu
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Alexis M. Stranahan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
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11
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Wosiski-Kuhn M, Erion JR, Gomez-Sanchez EP, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Stranahan AM. Glucocorticoid receptor activation impairs hippocampal plasticity by suppressing BDNF expression in obese mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 42:165-77. [PMID: 24636513 PMCID: PMC4426342 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and obesity are associated with perturbation of adrenal steroid hormones and impairment of hippocampal plasticity, but the question of whether these conditions recruit glucocorticoid-mediated molecular cascades that are comparable to other stressors has yet to be fully addressed. We have used a genetic mouse model of obesity and diabetes with chronically elevated glucocorticoids to determine the mechanism for glucocorticoid-induced deficits in hippocampal synaptic function. Pharmacological inhibition of adrenal steroidogenesis attenuates structural and functional impairments by regulating plasticity among dendritic spines in the hippocampus of leptin receptor deficient (db/db) mice. Synaptic deficits evoked by exposure to elevated corticosterone levels in db/db mice are attributable to glucocorticoid receptor-mediated transrepression of AP-1 actions at BDNF promoters I and IV. db/db mice exhibit corticosterone-mediated reductions in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and a change in the ratio of TrkB to P75NTR that silences the functional response to BDNF stimulation. Lentiviral suppression of glucocorticoid receptor expression rescues behavioral and synaptic function in db/db mice, and also reinstates BDNF expression, underscoring the relevance of molecular mechanisms previously demonstrated after psychological stress to the functional alterations observed in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Wosiski-Kuhn
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Joanna R. Erion
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Elise P. Gomez-Sanchez
- G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, 1500 Woodrow Wilson Dr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA
| | - Celso E. Gomez-Sanchez
- G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, 1500 Woodrow Wilson Dr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA
| | - Alexis M. Stranahan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA 30912 USA,Corresponding author: Alexis M. Stranahan, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Physiology Department, 1120 15th St, room CA3145, Augusta GA 30912, Phone: (706)721-7885,
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12
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Dey A, Hao S, Erion JR, Wosiski-Kuhn M, Stranahan AM. Glucocorticoid sensitization of microglia in a genetic mouse model of obesity and diabetes. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 269:20-27. [PMID: 24534266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
db/db mice are a model of obesity and diabetes due to their lack of functional leptin receptors, which leads to insulin resistance, elevated corticosterone levels, and persistent inflammation. Because stress-induced elevations in glucocorticoids sensitize microglia to immune challenges, we hypothesized that corticosteroids might act similarly in the diabetic brain. To test this hypothesis, db/db and wildtype mice were treated with the glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitor metyrapone every day for 2weeks. This treatment revealed corticosterone-dependent increases in microglial number and accumulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the hippocampus of db/db mice. Analysis of microglial responses to lipopolysaccharide stimulation revealed that glucocorticoids lower the threshold for release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, underscoring the role of corticosteroids as a precipitating factor for neuroinflammation in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Dey
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Shuai Hao
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Joanna R Erion
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | | | - Alexis M Stranahan
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
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13
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Wosiski-Kuhn M, Stranahan AM. From pattern separation to mood regulation: multiple roles for developmental signals in the adult dentate gyrus. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:96. [PMID: 23805072 PMCID: PMC3693068 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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14
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Stranahan AM, Erion JR, Wosiski-Kuhn M. Reelin signaling in development, maintenance, and plasticity of neural networks. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:815-22. [PMID: 23352928 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The developing brain is formed through an orchestrated pattern of neuronal migration, leading to the formation of heterogeneous functional regions in the adult. Several proteins and pathways have been identified as mediators of developmental neuronal migration and cell positioning. However, these pathways do not cease to be functionally relevant after the embryonic and early postnatal period; instead, they switch from guiding cells, to guiding synapses. The outcome of synaptic guidance determines the strength and plasticity of neuronal networks by creating a scalable functional architecture that is sculpted by cues from the internal and external environment. Reelin is a multifunctional signal that coordinates cortical and subcortical morphogenesis during development and regulates structural plasticity in adulthood and aging. Gain or loss of function in reelin or its receptors has the potential to influence synaptic strength and patterns of connectivity, with consequences for memory and cognition. The current review highlights similarities in the signaling cascades that modulate neuronal positioning during development, and synaptic plasticity in the adult, with a focus on reelin, a glycoprotein that is increasingly recognized for its dual role in the formation and maintenance of neural circuits.
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15
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Sherwood A, Wosiski-Kuhn M, Nguyen T, Holland PC, Lakaye B, Adamantidis A, Johnson AW. The role of melanin-concentrating hormone in conditioned reward learning. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 36:3126-33. [PMID: 22775118 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The orexigenic neuropeptide melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is well positioned to play a key role in connecting brain reward and homeostatic systems due to its synthesis in hypothalamic circuitry and receptor expression throughout the cortico-striatal reward circuit. Here we examined whether targeted-deletion of the MCH receptor (MCH-1R) in gene-targeted heterozygote and knockout mice (KO), or systemic treatment with pharmacological agents designed to antagonise MCH-1R in C57BL/6J mice would disrupt two putative consequences of reward learning that rely on different neural circuitries: conditioned reinforcement (CRf) and Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT). Mice were trained to discriminate between presentations of a reward-paired cue (CS+) and an unpaired CS-. Following normal acquisition of the Pavlovian discrimination in all mice, we assessed the capacity for the CS+ to act as a reinforcer for new nose-poke learning (CRf). Pharmacological disruption in control mice and genetic deletion in KO mice impaired CRf test performance, suggesting MCH-1R is necessary for initiating and maintaining behaviors that are under the control of conditioned reinforcers. To examine a dissociable form of reward learning (PIT), a naïve group of mice were trained in separate Pavlovian and instrumental lever training sessions followed by the PIT test. For all mice the CS+ was capable of augmenting ongoing lever responding relative to CS- periods. These results suggest a role for MCH in guiding behavior based on the conditioned reinforcing value of a cue, but not on its incentive motivational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sherwood
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Ames Hall, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
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16
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Wosiski-Kuhn M, Stranahan AM. Opposing effects of positive and negative stress on hippocampal plasticity over the lifespan. Ageing Res Rev 2012; 11:399-403. [PMID: 22101329 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Early developmental experience shapes neuronal circuits and influences the trajectory of cognitive aging. Just as adversity early in life can accelerate age-related synaptic impairments, enhancement of neuronal metabolism and function in the developing brain could potentially protect neurons against the synaptic consequences of aging. In this regard, metabolic enhancements following exercise directly oppose the deleterious consequences of adverse stress. In this review, we examine the relationship between exercise and other forms of stress over the lifespan. Exercise is a specialized form of stress in that it is predictable and voluntary, while other forms of psychological and physiological stress are unpredictable and uncontrollable, with distinct consequences for behavior and synaptic plasticity. Themes emerging from the literature surrounding the opposing effects of adversity and exercise include epigenetic mechanisms that converge on the regulation of neurotrophic factor expression and neurogenesis. These data suggest that exercise-induced neuroprotection and neuronal endangerment following adversity may both be transferable across generations, in a manner that has the potential to impact neuroplasticity over the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Wosiski-Kuhn
- Physiology Department, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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17
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Wosiski-Kuhn M, Stranahan AM. Transient increases in dendritic spine density contribute to dentate gyrus long-term potentiation. Synapse 2012; 66:661-4. [PMID: 22314918 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are the primary sites for excitatory neurotransmission in the adult brain and exhibit changes in their number and morphology with experience. The relationship between spine formation and synaptic activity has been best characterized along the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 subfield. However, less is known about the structural mechanisms at the spine that mediate plasticity in other hippocampal subfields. The dentate gyrus is the predominant point of entry for synaptic input to the hippocampus, and dentate granule cells differ from CA1 pyramidal neurons in terms of their morphology and biophysical properties. In order to understand the structural mechanisms for plasticity in the dentate gyrus, we measured dendritic spine density in hippocampal slice preparations at different intervals following synaptic stimulation. We observed that transient increases in dendritic spine density are detectable 30 min after induction of long-term potentiation (LTP). By 60 min poststimulation, dendritic spine density has returned to basal levels. Both early LTP and enhancements in dendritic spine density could be blocked by destabilizing actin filaments, but not by inhibitors of transcription or protein synthesis. These results indicate that spine formation is a transient event that is required for dentate gyrus LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Wosiski-Kuhn
- Physiology Department, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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