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Patjamontri S, Lucas-Herald AK, McMillan M, Prasad R, Metherell LA, McGowan R, Tobias ES, Ahmed SF. Thioredoxin Reductase 2 (TXNRD2) Variant As A Cause Of Micropenis, Undescended Testis And Selective Glucocorticoid Deficiency. Horm Res Paediatr 2023:000535528. [PMID: 38011841 DOI: 10.1159/000535528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Variants in genes that play a role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis in adrenocortical cells may be associated with glucocorticoid deficiency and it is unclear whether these cases may be associated with a wider phenotype. However, to date, only one case of a genetic variant in TXNRD2, the gene encoding thioredoxin reductase Type 2, in a South Asian kindred with familial glucocorticoid deficiency has been reported. CASE PRESENTATION The index case was diagnosed with selective glucocorticoid deficiency at 10 years of age. He had a history of a small penis and a right undescended testis which subsequently required an orchidopexy. The parents were of Pakistani origin and first cousins. The boy's gonadal function was normal and autosomal recessive missense homozygous variants p.Val361Met;Val361Met in thioredoxin reductase 2 gene (TXNRD2) were identified in him by WGS. Functional studies were performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the patient, unaffected parents and four age-matched healthy boys. Compared to the carriers and controls, the case had lower TXNRD2 protein on immunoblotting using anti-TXNRD2 antibody (1.3 fold) 95% CI: 1.8 (1.5-2.1), lower mRNA expression of TXNRD2 on quantitative RT-PCR (1.6 fold) 95% CI: 1.1 (0.7-1.4) and a lower glutathione (GSH):oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio (6.7 fold) 95% CI: 2.0 (1.6-2.4). CONCLUSIONS In addition to confirming the critical role that TXNRD2 serves in maintaining adrenal function, by reporting the findings of atypical genitalia, this case further extends the phenotype.
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Tseretopoulou X, Bryce J, Chen M, McMillan M, Lucas-Herald AK, Ali SR, Ahmed SF. The I-CAH Registry: A platform for international collaboration for improving knowledge and clinical care in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2023. [PMID: 37602832 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
To provide an overview of the I-CAH Registry. Following the successful roll-out of the I-DSD Registry in the 2000s, it was felt that there was a need for a registry for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and this was launched in 2014 as a dedicated module within the original registry. In addition to supporting and promoting research, the I-CAH Registry acts as an international tool for benchmarking of clinical care and it does this through the collection of standardised data for specific projects. Surveillance of novel therapies in the field of CAH can also be achieved via global collaborations. Its robust governance ensures adherence to the international standards for rare disease registries. Rare disease registries such as the I-CAH Registry are important tools for all stakeholders involved in the care of people with CAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthippi Tseretopoulou
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Office for Rare Conditions, Royal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jillian Bryce
- Office for Rare Conditions, Royal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Minglu Chen
- Office for Rare Conditions, Royal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Martin McMillan
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Office for Rare Conditions, Royal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Angela K Lucas-Herald
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Salma R Ali
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Office for Rare Conditions, Royal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - S F Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Office for Rare Conditions, Royal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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Broom MA, Bailey E, Kearns RJ, McMillan M, McPeake J. Diagnostic terminology in Placenta Accreta Spectrum: a scoping review. Int J Obstet Anesth 2022; 51:103572. [PMID: 35868995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2022.103572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaesthetic management strategies for Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) remain diverse, and literature interpretation is complicated by a range of terminology. The International Federation for Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) published guidance in 2018 to improve PAS diagnosis and management by standardising definitions. We mapped the range, clarity and consistency of terminology in literature pertaining to both PAS and anaesthesia, and determined whether this changed followed FIGO guidance. METHODS A literature search of four medical databases was performed. Papers included had PAS (or any 'synonym') in the title, and mode of anaesthesia in the title or abstract. Narrative reviews, and papers not containing original data, were excluded. Diagnostic terms, and evidence supporting their use, were described. RESULTS Among 680 abstracts identified, 62 papers were included. Thirty distinct terms were used to describe PAS and subtypes. Terminology was clearly defined 46% of the time and used consistently within a paper 47% of the time. Nine papers (15%) provided no diagnostic evidence to support the terminology used. In 14 (23%) papers published after FIGO guidelines, 14 terms were used to describe PAS. Two papers (14%) specified the diagnostic criteria used. Six (43%) confirmed diagnoses using pathology. Four (29%) were consistent in use of terminology throughout the paper. CONCLUSIONS Despite international consensus criteria for reporting PAS, the language pertaining to PAS and anaesthesia remains heterogeneous, inconsistent and variably defined. Reporting of PAS should adhere to FIGO criteria to allow unambiguous interpretation of work, and generation of evidence that is transferrable into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Broom
- University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK; Glasgow Royal Infirmary/Princess Royal Maternity Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
| | - E Bailey
- University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - R J Kearns
- University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK; Glasgow Royal Infirmary/Princess Royal Maternity Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - M McMillan
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary/Princess Royal Maternity Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - J McPeake
- University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK; Glasgow Royal Infirmary/Princess Royal Maternity Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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Broom M, Bailey E, McPeake J, Kearns R, McMillan M. P.54 Precision of diagnostic terminology in Placenta Accreta Spectrum: a scoping review. Int J Obstet Anesth 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2022.103350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Research and audit are vital for the management of Differences/Disorders of Sex Development (DSD). Clinical networks have a strong potential to drive these activities with the development of care standards including patient experience data and peer-observation of clinical care provision. SUMMARY Following the 2005 Consensus Workshop that stressed the need for the regular collection and sharing of data across geographical boundaries, the current I-DSD registry was initially launched in 2008. Over a decade later, this registry and its associated network play an increasingly important role in supporting research, training, and benchmarking of care and service. Patient registries can also facilitate the development of local circles of patients and parents with similar conditions who can support each other. KEY MESSAGES The case for participating in standardized data collection and exchange for DSD has now been made and should be standard practice in centres that care for people with DSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K Lucas-Herald
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK,
- Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK,
| | - Salma Rashid Ali
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Craig McMillan
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Martina E Rodie
- Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Martin McMillan
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jillian Bryce
- Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Tallon R, McMillan M, Ho N, Dunkel B. Presumed generalised seizure following caudal epidural administration of morphine and detomidine in a pony. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Tallon
- Department of Clinical Science and Services The Royal Veterinary College Hatfield UK
| | - M. McMillan
- Department of Clinical Science and Services The Royal Veterinary College Hatfield UK
| | - N. Ho
- Department of Clinical Science and Services The Royal Veterinary College Hatfield UK
| | - B. Dunkel
- Department of Clinical Science and Services The Royal Veterinary College Hatfield UK
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Rodie ME, Ali SR, Jayasena A, Alenazi NR, McMillan M, Cox K, Cassim SM, Henderson S, McGowan R, Ahmed SF. A Nationwide Study of the Prevalence and Initial Management of Atypical Genitalia in the Newborn in Scotland. Sex Dev 2021; 16:11-18. [PMID: 34352789 DOI: 10.1159/000517327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Provision of optimum healthcare for infants with atypical genitalia requires a clear understanding of the occurrence of this condition. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of atypical genitalia and its initial management. A prospective, electronic survey of clinicians within managed clinical networks in Scotland was undertaken between 2013 and 2019. Notification from clinicians was sought for term neonates requiring specialist input for atypical genitalia. Additional information was also sought from the 4 regional genetics laboratories that provided details for neonates who had an urgent karyotype performed for atypical genitalia or sex determination. In total, the study identified 171 term infants who required some investigation for atypical genitalia in the neonatal period, providing a birth prevalence of 1:1,881 term births. Of the 171 infants, 97 (57%) had specialist input over the first 3 months of life, providing a birth prevalence of 1:3,318 term births that received specialist input for atypical genitalia. A total of 92 of these 97 cases had complete 3-month follow-up data, 62 (67%) presented within 24 h of birth, and age at presentation ranged from birth to 28 days. Age at sex assignment ranged from birth to 14 days, and in 63 cases (68%), sex assignment occurred at birth. Thus, the birth prevalence of a case of atypical genitalia where sex assignment was reported to be delayed beyond birth was estimated at 1:11,097 births. In 1 case sex was re-assigned at 3 months. Atypical genitalia requiring specialist input within the first month of life are rare in term newborns, and in only a third of these cases, sex assignment is delayed beyond birth. This study provides new clinical benchmarks for comparing and improving the delivery of care in centres that manage these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina E Rodie
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Salma R Ali
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Arundathi Jayasena
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Paediatric Department, Leeds Teaching Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Naser R Alenazi
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Paedatric Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Al-Ahmadi Hospital, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Martin McMillan
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Cox
- Royal Hospital for Sick Children, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sumaiya M Cassim
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Wishaw General Hospital, Wishaw, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Henderson
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Paediatric Department, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth McGowan
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,West of Scotland Centre for Genomic Medicine, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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McMillan M. Sustainable veterinary anaesthesia: single centre audit of oxygen and inhaled anaesthetic consumption and comparisons to a hypothetical model. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:420-427. [PMID: 33939176 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Single centre carbon footprint audit of oxygen and inhaled anaesthetic agent consumption. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective audit with hypothetical intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Records of 100 consecutive anaesthetics were examined. Consumption of oxygen and inhaled anaesthetic agent were estimated from oxygen flowmeter and vaporiser settings. Carbon dioxide equivalents (kg CO2 e) were calculated. Records were reassessed to identify potential reductions in oxygen flow. Animals >5 kg were assigned to use circle systems set at a maintenance flow of 1 L/min following a short transitional period of higher flow. Animals <5 kg were assigned to Mapleson-A breathing systems at a flow of 1 L/min. Potential reductions in oxygen and inhaled anaesthetic agent consumption and CO2 e were calculated. RESULTS A total of 14,370 minutes of anaesthesia were audited. Median bodyweight of the animals was 12.1 (interquartile range 5 to 25.8) kg. Median anaesthetic time was 110 (interquartile range 73.8 to 205) minutes. It was estimated 43,132 L of oxygen were used to vaporise 2605 mL of liquid sevoflurane and 1654 mL of liquid isoflurane. Potential oxygen consumption was 16,798 L, lowering sevoflurane consumption to 1123 mL and isoflurane to 589 mL. Using the suggested technique, oxygen and inhaled anaesthetic agent could have been reduced in 97% of anaesthetics with a median inhaled anaesthetic agent reduction of 59% (interquartile range 43 to 71%). Carbon footprint of the inhaled anaesthetic agent used was calculated as 1.82 metric tonnes of CO2 e. This could have been lowered to 0.67 metric tonnes (63% reduction). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Large reductions in oxygen and inhaled anaesthetic agent consumption and therefore greenhouse gas emission and financial expenditure can be made if we audit and adapt our practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McMillan
- Queen Mother Hospital for Small Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
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Caballero L, McMillan M, Leavitt A. Thawing cryopreserved apheresis products: comparison of barkey plasmatherm dry heating device and 37oC water bath. Cytotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Menzies R, Heron L, Lampard J, McMillan M, Joseph T, Chan J, Storken A, Marshall H. A randomised controlled trial of SMS messaging and calendar reminders to improve vaccination timeliness in infants. Vaccine 2020; 38:3137-3142. [PMID: 32147296 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of SMS reminders in improving vaccination coverage has been assessed previously, with effectiveness varying between settings. However, there are very few studies on their effect on the timeliness of vaccination. DESIGN Unblinded, randomised controlled trial with blocked sampling. METHODS 1594 Australian infants and young children were recruited to assess the impact of (1) SMS reminders only, (2) a personalised calendar, (3) SMS reminder and personalised calendar and (4) no intervention, on receipt of vaccine within 30 days of the due date. Outcomes were measured for receipt of vaccines due at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 18 months of age. A post-hoc assessment was also conducted of the impact of a new national "No jab No Pay" policy introduced during the trial, which removed philosophical objections as an exemption for financial penalties for non-vaccination. RESULTS There was a statistically significant improvement in on-time vaccination only at the 12 month schedule point amongst infants who received SMS reminders alone (RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.18) or in combination with a personalised calendar (1.11, CI 1.03-1.20) compared to controls. This impact was limited to participants who had received one or more previous doses late. No statistically significant impacts of calendar interventions alone were seen. There was a high rate of on-time compliance amongst control participants - 95%, 86%, 80%, 74% at the 4, 6, 12 and 18 month schedule points respectively, which increased more than 10 percentage points after implementation of the "No Jab, No Pay" policy. CONCLUSIONS SMS reminders are more effective in improving timeliness where pre-existing compliance is lower, but the 18 month schedule point appeared to be less amenable to intervention. Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registration No. ACTRN12614000970640.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Menzies
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
| | - L Heron
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - J Lampard
- Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - M McMillan
- Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - T Joseph
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - J Chan
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - A Storken
- Department of Health, South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - H Marshall
- Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Gokal R, Mistry CD, Peers E, Brown C, Smith S, Edwards D, Junor B, Gordon A, McMillan M, Robertson M, Michael J, McKain J, Raftery M, Peters J, Clutterbuck E, Clemenger M, Walls J, Orton C, Goodship T, Grieves J, Dharmasena D, Hourhane G, Howarth D, Boyes R, Clisby L, Beran Y. A United Kingdom Multicenter Study of Icodextrin in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089401402s03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While glucose remains the only osmotic agent used universally for peritoneal dialysis, its various shortcomings for the long dwell equilibration continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has led to a search for alternative agents. The large molecular weight group has been of interest, because these agents theoretically would lead to greater ultrafiltration and a better metabolic profile. Mostsubstances (dextrans, charged macromolecules) have been found unsuitable for reasons of insolubility, allergenicity, and peritoneal toxicity. Short-chain polypeptides have been studied in humans, but the experience is limited, and there is the potential for allergenicity with long-term use. The only large molecular weight agent that has been studied in some detail but hitherto in one center only and in a limited number of patients is glucose polymer (generic name, icodextrin). Because of the promise shown by these initial studies, a randomized controlled multicenter investigation of icodextrin in CAPD (MIDAS Study Group) was undertaken to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy by comparing daily overnight (8 12 hours) use of a slightly hypo-osmolar solution (282 mOsm/ kg) with 1.36% (346 mOsm/kg) and 3.86% (484 mOsm/kg) glucose exchanges. Over a 6-month period 209 patients from 11 centers in the United Kingdom were randomized, with 106 allocated to receive icodextrin (study group) and 103 to remain on glucose (control group). One hundred and thirty-eight patients completed the 6-month study (71 control, 67 study). The mean net ultrafiltration overnight with icodextrin was 3.5 times greater than 1.36% at 8 hours and 5.5 times greater at 12 hours (p<0.0001), but no different from that of 3.86% glucose at 8 and 12 hours (although for the latter dwell the net mean ultrafiltration volume was greater by about 140 mL). Biochemical profiles were no different except for a small fall in serum sodium and chloride in the icodextrin group. The mean serum maltose rose to a steady-state level of 1.2 g/L within 2 weeks and remained stable. The mean carbohydrate absorbed for icodextrin (29±5 g) was lower than with 3.86% glucose (62±5 g). The use of icodextrin did not increase the incidence of peritonitis, nor did it alter its outcome, affect uptake of icodextrin from the peritoneum, alter serum osmolality or sodium levels. There were no adverse effects associated with the use of icodextrin, and the overall CAPD-related symptom score was significantly better for icodextrin than control subjects. This study and subsequent extensive use and clinical experience has demonstrated that the daily use of an iso-osmolar icodextrin solution is generally well tolerated, effective, and could replace the overnight use of hyperosmotic glucose solution. Its use was of equal efficacy in peritonitis and in diabetic patients. The elevated levels of maltose did not appear to have any clinical side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Gokal
- Manchester RoyalInfirmary, Manchester
| | | | | | | | - S. Smith
- (Northern General Hospital, Sheffield)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J. McKain
- (Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham)
| | | | | | | | | | - J. Walls
- (Leicester General Hospital, Leicester)
| | - C. Orton
- (Leicester General Hospital, Leicester)
| | | | - J. Grieves
- (Royal Victoria Hospital, NewcastleUpon-Tyne)
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Gokal R, Mistry CD, Peers EM, Brown C, Smith S, Edwards D, Junor B, Gordon A, McMillan M, Robertson M, Michael J, McKain J, Raftery M, Peters J, Clutterbuck E, Clemenger M, Walls J, Orton C, Goodship T, Grieves J, Olubodun J, Jackson F, Dharmasena D, Hourahane G, Howarth D, Boyes R, Clisby L, Beran Y. Peritonitis Occurrence in a Multicenter Study of Icodextrin and Glucose in Capd. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089501506s07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare peritonitis occurrence and outcome in a large U.K. study Multicentre Investigation of Icodextrin in Ambulatory Dialysis (MIDAS). Design Prospective, randomized, controlled 6-month comparison of icodextrin with glucose for the long dwell in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Setting Eleven CAPD units in U.K. teaching hospitals. Patients A total of 209 patients established on CAPD for at least 3 months (103 control, 106 icodextrin). Twentythree control (C) and 22 icodextrin (I) patients experienced peritonitis during the study. Intervention Patients who had peritonitis remained on treatment (unless CAPD was withdrawn, temporarily or permanently). Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures were the rate of peritonitis and duration of CAPD treatment prestudy; the rate of peritonitis episodes and their outcome during study; the effect of peritonitis on laboratory variables, serum icodextrin metabolites, and ultrafiltration efficacy. Results Prestudy: Nine (39%) of C but 14 (64%) of I patients had suffered previous peritonitis episode(s), with overall rates of 0.58 and 0.78 episodes per patientyear, respectively. During study There were 31 C episodes and 35 I episodes, with overall rates of 0.76 and 0.93 per patientyear, respectively. The increase in the C and I groups was 31% and 19%, respectively. Serum osmolality and sodium levels were unaffected by peritonitis, and there was no increase in serum icodextrin metabolites during peritonitis. Overnight ultrafiltration volume during peritonitis (mean±SD) declined slightly from 218±354 mL to 185±299 mL (NS) in the control group, but increased in the icodextrin group from 570±146 mL to 723±218 mL (p < 0.01). Conclusions Using icodextrin for the long dwell in CAPD does not increase the rate of peritonitis, nor does it alter the outcome of peritonitis. Peritonitis does not affect uptake of icodextrin from the peritoneum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ram Gokal
- Manchester Royal Infirmary, Cardiff Royal Infirmaryl and ML Laboratories2 plc, St. Albans, U.K
| | - Chandra D. Mistry
- Manchester Royal Infirmary, Cardiff Royal Infirmaryl and ML Laboratories2 plc, St. Albans, U.K
| | - Elizabeth M. Peers
- Manchester Royal Infirmary, Cardiff Royal Infirmaryl and ML Laboratories2 plc, St. Albans, U.K
| | | | - S. Smith
- Northern General Hospital, Sheffield
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J. McKain
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham
| | | | | | | | | | - J. Walls
- Leicester General Hospital, Leicester
| | - C. Orton
- Leicester General Hospital, Leicester
| | | | - J. Grieves
- Royal Victoria Hospital, Newcastle-upon Tyne
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Chen SC, Shepherd S, McMillan M, McNeilly J, Foster J, Wong SC, Robertson KJ, Ahmed SF. Skeletal Fragility and Its Clinical Determinants in Children With Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:3585-3594. [PMID: 30848792 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with an increased fracture risk at all ages. OBJECTIVE To understand the determinants of bone health and fractures in children with T1D. DESIGN Case-control study of children with T1D on bone-turnover markers, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and 3 Tesla-MRI of the proximal tibia to assess bone microarchitecture and vertebral marrow adiposity compared with age- and sex-matched healthy children. RESULTS Thirty-two children with T1D at a median (range) age of 13.7 years (10.4, 16.7) and 26 controls, aged 13.8 years (10.2, 17.8), were recruited. In children with T1D, serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) SD score (SDS), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen SDS, and total body (TB) and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) SDS were lower (all P < 0.05). Children with T1D also had lower trabecular volume [0.55 (0.47, 0.63) vs 0.59 (0.47, 0.63); P = 0.024], lower trabecular number [1.67 (1.56, 1.93) vs 1.82 (1.56, 1.99); P = 0.004], and higher trabecular separation [0.27 (0.21, 0.32) vs 0.24 (0.20, 0.33); P = 0.001] than controls. Marrow adiposity was similar in both groups (P = 0.25). Bone formation, as assessed by BAP, was lower in children with poorer glycemic control (P = 0.009) and who were acidotic at initial presentation (P = 0.017) but higher in children on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (P = 0.025). Fractures were more likely to be encountered in children with T1D compared with controls (31% vs 19%; P< 0.001). Compared with those without fractures, the T1D children with a fracture history had poorer glycemic control (P = 0.007) and lower TB BMD (P < 0.001) but no differences in bone microarchitecture. CONCLUSION Children with T1D display a low bone-turnover state with reduced bone mineralization and poorer bone microarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Ching Chen
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Paediatric Diabetes Service, National Health Service Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Shepherd
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Martin McMillan
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jane McNeilly
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Hospital for Children, National Health Service Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John Foster
- Department of Clinical Physics, National Health Service Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sze Choong Wong
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth J Robertson
- Paediatric Diabetes Service, National Health Service Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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14
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Nixon R, Cerqueira V, Kyriakou A, Lucas-Herald A, McNeilly J, McMillan M, Purvis AI, Tobias ES, McGowan R, Ahmed SF. Prevalence of endocrine and genetic abnormalities in boys evaluated systematically for a disorder of sex development. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:2130-2137. [PMID: 28938747 PMCID: PMC5850224 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the likelihood of identifying genetic or endocrine abnormalities in a group of boys with 46, XY who present to a specialist clinic with a suspected disorder of sex development (DSD)? SUMMARY ANSWER An endocrine abnormality of the gonadal axis may be present in a quarter of cases and copy number variants (CNVs) or single gene variants may be present in about half of the cases. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Evaluation of 46, XY DSD requires a combination of endocrine and genetic tests but the prevalence of these abnormalities in a sufficiently large group of boys presenting to one specialist multidisciplinary service is unclear. STUDY, DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study was a retrospective review of investigations performed on 122 boys. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS All boys who attended the Glasgow DSD clinic, between 2010 and 2015 were included in the study. The median external masculinization score (EMS) of this group was 9 (range 1-11). Details of phenotype, endocrine and genetic investigations were obtained from case records. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE An endocrine abnormality of gonadal function was present in 28 (23%) with a median EMS of 8.3 (1-10.5) whilst the median EMS of boys with normal endocrine investigations was 9 (1.5-11) (P = 0.03). Endocrine abnormalities included a disorder of gonadal development in 19 (16%), LH deficiency in 5 (4%) and a disorder of androgen synthesis in 4 (3%) boys. Of 43 cases who had array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH), CNVs were reported in 13 (30%) with a median EMS of 8.5 (1.5-11). Candidate gene analysis using a limited seven-gene panel in 64 boys identified variants in 9 (14%) with a median EMS of 8 (1-9). Of the 21 boys with a genetic abnormality, 11 (52%) had normal endocrine investigations. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A selection bias for performing array-CGH in cases with multiple congenital malformations may have led to a high yield of CNVs. It is also possible that the yield of single gene variants may have been higher than reported if the investigators had used a more extended gene panel. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The lack of a clear association between the extent of under-masculinization and presence of endocrine and genetic abnormalities suggests a role for parallel endocrine and genetic investigations in cases of suspected XY DSD. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) RN was supported by the James Paterson Bursary and the Glasgow Children's Hospital Charity Summer Scholarship. SFA, RM and EST are supported by a Scottish Executive Health Department grant 74250/1 for the Scottish Genomes Partnership. EST is also supported by MRC/EPSRC Molecular Pathology Node and Wellcome Trust ISSF funding. There are no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER None.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nixon
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Office Block, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - V Cerqueira
- West of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - A Kyriakou
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Office Block, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - A Lucas-Herald
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Office Block, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - J McNeilly
- Biochemistry Department, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - M McMillan
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Office Block, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - A I Purvis
- West of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - E S Tobias
- West of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK.,Academic Medical Genetics and Pathology, University of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - R McGowan
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Office Block, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK.,West of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - S F Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Office Block, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
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15
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Abstract
Maternal immunization has the potential to reduce the burden of infectious diseases in the pregnant woman and her infant. Many countries now recommend immunization against influenza at any stage of pregnancy and against pertussis in the third trimester. Despite evidence of the safety and effectiveness of these vaccines when administered during pregnancy, uptake generally remains low for influenza and moderate for pertussis vaccine. Enhancing confidence in both immunization providers and pregnant women by increasing the evidence-base for the safety and effectiveness of vaccines during pregnancy, improving communication and access by incorporating immunization into standard models of antenatal care are likely to improve uptake. Developing a framework for implementation of vaccines for pregnant women which is cognizant of local and national cultural, epidemiological, behavioral and societal factors will enable a smooth transition and high uptake for new vaccines currently in development for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Marshall
- a Paediatrics, Women's and Children's Health Network , Adelaide, South Australia and Robinson Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - M McMillan
- a Paediatrics, Women's and Children's Health Network , Adelaide, South Australia and Robinson Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - R M Andrews
- b Menzies School of Health Research , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - K Macartney
- c Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology , The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; National Centre for Immunization Research and Surveillance , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - K Edwards
- d Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
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Rodie ME, Mudaliar MAV, Herzyk P, McMillan M, Boroujerdi M, Chudleigh S, Tobias ES, Ahmed SF. Androgen-responsive non-coding small RNAs extend the potential of HCG stimulation to act as a bioassay of androgen sufficiency. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 177:339-346. [PMID: 28733293 DOI: 10.1530/eje-17-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether a short-term change in circulating androgens is associated with changes in the transcriptome of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). AIMS AND METHODS To explore the effect of hCG stimulation on the PBMC transcriptome, 12 boys with a median age (range) of 0.7 years (0.3, 11.2) who received intramuscular hCG 1500u on 3 consecutive days as part of their investigations underwent transcriptomic array analysis on RNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after hCG stimulation. RESULTS Median pre- and post-hCG testosterone for the overall group was 0.7 nmol/L (<0.5, 6) and 7.9 nmol/L (<0.5, 31.5), respectively. Of the 12 boys, 3 (25%) did not respond to hCG stimulation with a pre and post median serum testosterone of <0.5 nmol/L and <0.5 nmol/L, respectively. When corrected for gene expression changes in the non-responders to exclude hCG effects, all 9 of the hCG responders consistently demonstrated a 20% or greater increase in the expression of piR-37153 and piR-39248, non-coding PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). In addition, of the 9 responders, 8, 6 and 4 demonstrated a 30, 40 and 50% rise, respectively, in a total of 2 further piRNAs. In addition, 3 of the responders showed a 50% or greater rise in the expression of another small RNA, SNORD5. On comparing fold-change in serum testosterone with fold-change in the above transcripts, a positive correlation was detected for SNORD5 (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The identification of a dynamic and androgen-responsive PBMC transcriptome extends the potential value of the hCG test for the assessment of androgen sufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rodie
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - P Herzyk
- Glasgow Polyomics
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M McMillan
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Boroujerdi
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - E S Tobias
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Glasgow Molecular Pathology Node
- Academic Medical Genetics and Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Building, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S F Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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18
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Mason A, Malik S, McMillan M, McNeilly JD, Bishop J, McGrogan P, Russell RK, Ahmed SF. A prospective longitudinal study of growth and pubertal progress in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. Horm Res Paediatr 2015; 83:45-54. [PMID: 25531796 DOI: 10.1159/000369457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puberty and growth may be affected in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but the extent is unclear. METHODS We performed a prospective study over 12 months in 63 adolescents (Crohn's disease, CD, n = 45; ulcerative colitis/IBD unclassified, UC, n = 18) with a median age of 13.4 years (range 10-16.6). Assessment included anthropometry, biochemical markers of growth and puberty and an assessment of quality of life by IMPACT-III. RESULTS Compared to the normal population, boys with CD were shorter, with a median height SDS (HtSDS) of -0.13 (-2.52 to 1.58; p < 0.05). In addition, the study cohort had a lower median IGF-1 SDS of -0.29 (-4.53 to 2.96; p = 0.008) and a higher median IGFBP3 SDS of 0.45 (-3.15 to 2.55; p = 0.002). Over the study period, the median Ht velocity (HV) was 5 cm/year (0.2-8.7) and the change in HtSDS was 0.06 (-0.48 to 0.57). The median difference between the chronological and bone age was 0.3 years (-2.5 to 3.0) and pubertal examination was not delayed. In the whole group, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) showed an inverse association with HV (r = -0.29; p = 0.025) and IGF-1:IGFBP3 (r = -0.34; p = 0.016). The score in the body image domain, IMPACT-III, was inversely associated with HtSDS (r = -0.31; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Despite no evidence of pubertal delay, adolescents with IBD display growth retardation which may be associated with raised ESR, adverse quality of life measures and an abnormality of IGF-1 bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avril Mason
- Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK
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19
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Abdalrahaman N, McComb C, Foster JE, McLean J, Lindsay RS, McClure J, McMillan M, Drummond R, Gordon D, McKay GA, Shaikh MG, Perry CG, Ahmed SF. Deficits in Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture in Young Women With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1386-93. [PMID: 25627460 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanism of increased fractures in young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is unclear. We conducted a case-control study of trabecular bone microarchitecture and vertebral marrow adiposity in young women with T1DM. Thirty women with T1DM with a median age (range) age of 22.0 years (16.9, 36.1) attending one outpatient clinic with a median age at diagnosis of 9.7 years (0.46, 14.8) were compared with 28 age-matched healthy women who acted as controls. Measurements included MRI-based assessment of proximal tibial bone volume/total volume (appBV/TV), trabecular separation (appTb.Sp), vertebral bone marrow adiposity (BMA), and abdominal adipose tissue and biochemical markers of GH/IGF-1 axis (IGF-1, IGFBP3, ALS) and bone turnover. Median appBV/TV in cases and controls was 0.3 (0.22, 0.37) and 0.33 (0.26, 0.4), respectively (p = 0.018) and median appTb.Sp in T1DM was 2.59 (2.24, 3.38) and 2.32 (2.03, 2.97), respectively (p = 0.012). The median appBV/TV was 0.28 (0.22, 0.33) in those cases with retinopathy (n = 15) compared with 0.33 (0.25, 0.37) in those without retinopathy (p = 0.02). Although median visceral adipose tissue in cases was higher than in controls at 5733 mm(3) (2030, 11,144) and 3460 mm(3) (1808, 6832), respectively (p = 0.012), there was no difference in median BMA, which was 31.1% (9.9, 59.9) and 26.3% (8.5, 49.8) in cases and controls, respectively (p = 0.2). Serum IGF-1 and ALS were also lower in cases, and the latter showed an inverse association to appTbSp (r = -0.30, p = 0.04). Detailed MRI studies in young women with childhood-onset T1DM have shown clear deficits in trabecular microarchitecture of the tibia. Underlying pathophysiological mechanisms may include a microvasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiemh Abdalrahaman
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christie McComb
- Clinical Physics, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Glasgow, UK.,BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John E Foster
- Clinical Physics, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Glasgow, UK.,BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John McLean
- Clinical Physics, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Neurological Sciences, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert S Lindsay
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Stobhill Diabetes Centre, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - John McClure
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Martin McMillan
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Derek Gordon
- Stobhill Diabetes Centre, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gerard A McKay
- Stobhill Diabetes Centre, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Guftar Shaikh
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin G Perry
- Stobhill Diabetes Centre, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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20
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McMillan M, Porritt K, Kralik D, Costi L, Marshall H. Influenza vaccination during pregnancy: a systematic review of fetal death, spontaneous abortion, and congenital malformation safety outcomes. Vaccine 2015; 33:2108-17. [PMID: 25758932 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women are considered the most important risk group for influenza vaccination. Despite this, the potential risk of harm from the vaccine on the fetus is a key factor in low uptake of the vaccine. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the best available evidence on the safety of influenza vaccination during pregnancy on fetal development. METHODS AND FINDINGS A search of the literature was undertaken from the inception of each database up to March 2014. Both observational and clinical trials were considered. Fetal outcomes were present in 19 observational studies, and 14 of those were primarily investigating the monovalent influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccine. There was significant methodological and clinical heterogeneity of the included studies and a narrative summary and tabling of results was performed. Fetal death outcomes for women in later pregnancy ranged from OR 0.34 to 2.95 with 95% confidence intervals crossing or below the null value. Spontaneous abortion less than 24 weeks ranged from HR 0.45 to OR 1.23, with 95% confidence intervals crossing or below the null value. Congenital malformations for women vaccinated during their first trimester ranged from OR 0.67 to 2.18 and imprecise confidence intervals crossed the null value. Included in this review were some high quality studies, although overall the studies have a high risk of selection and confounding bias. CONCLUSIONS Results do not indicate that maternal influenza vaccination is associated with an increased risk of fetal death, spontaneous abortion, or congenital malformations. Statistical imprecision and clinical and methodological heterogeneity of the observational studies mean it is not possible to totally exclude adverse effects. Further studies investigating women vaccinated during their first trimester should be the highest priority to allow for more precise estimates, especially for spontaneous abortion, and congenital abnormality outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McMillan
- School of Pediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, SA, Australia.
| | - K Porritt
- Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, SA, Australia.
| | - D Kralik
- Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide 5006, SA, Australia
| | - L Costi
- Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide 5006, SA, Australia.
| | - H Marshall
- Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit (VIRTU), Women's and Children's Hospital and School of Pediatrics and Reproductive Health & Robinson Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, SA, Australia.
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21
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Grace A, McMillan M, Schmoelzl S, Hinch G. 187 INCREASED EFFICIENCY OF DERIVING BOVINE STEM CELL-LIKE COLONIES USING VALPROIC ACID AND SMALL-MOLECULE COCKTAILS. Reprod Fertil Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv26n1ab187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonviral reprogramming of bovine embryonic and adult fibroblasts was undertaken using electroporation of a polycistronic plasmid carrying human reprogramming factors Oct4, Sox2, Lin28, and Nanog (Addgene Plasmid #20922). Because of difficulties encountered in reliably and reproducibly reprogramming bovine cells to a pluripotent state, several small-molecule combinations have been tested to support reprogramming. Previously, a combination of three molecules, (sodium butyrate, PD0325901 and SB431542; NaB-PD-SB) in induced pluripotent stem (iPS) medium [Minimum Essential Medium Alpha, 20% FBS, 1x insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS), 2 mM Glutamax (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA), 100 μM nonessential amino acids (NEAA), 50 U mol–1 penicillin, 50 mg mL–1 streptomycin, 0.1 mM β-mercaptoethanol, 4 ng mL–1 human leukaemia inhibitory factor, and 10 ng mL–1 basic fibroblast growth factor] was found to accelerate the reprogramming process of bovine iPS cells, with colonies observed at 12 days post-electroporation, as opposed to 21 days without the addition of the small-molecule cocktail. The addition of 1 mM valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, in combination with the other small-molecule cocktail (NaB-PD-SB), was found to improve the reprogramming efficiency of bovine adult and embryonic fibroblasts, with colonies observed at Day 10 post-electroporation, and the average number of colonies present per 10-cm dish, rising from an average of 5 colonies observed in the NaB-PD-SB cocktail to 27 with the addition of VPA. Colonies grown in the presence of VPA had a consistent morphology, forming compact domed colonies consisting of small round cells with well-defined borders. It was observed that colonies growing in the presence of VPA tended to have a better defined border and grew larger in size than those grown in the presence of NaB-PD-SB alone. Colonies began to differentiate after 21 days and were no longer alkaline phosphatase positive after this time. Cells were either harvested for mRNA extraction or differentiated into embryoid bodies (EB). Expression of pluripotency genes, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, Nanog, and Alkaline Phosphatase were significantly increased in the presence of VPA compared to nonreprogrammed somatic bovine fibroblasts, with expression profiles similar to those grown in the NaB-PD-SB cocktail. Embryoid bodies were analysed for gene expression of different germ layer markers, FOXA2 (endoderm), Nestin and TUBB3 (ectoderm), and Desmin (mesoderm) using quantitative RT–PCR. For both EBs derived from the NaB-PD-SB cocktail and those with VPA, at least one marker from each germ layer was present, demonstrating the potential potency of these cells. At least a 10-fold increase in expression of these was observed in comparison to somatic fibroblast cells. It is apparent that the addition of small molecules can assist in the reprogramming of bovine iPS cells, and addition of VPA to the cocktail results in more consistent putative bovine iPS colonies. Further work is needed to identify the causes for early differentiation of colonies in order to obtain fully reprogrammed pluripotent stem cells.
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22
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Wechter WP, Keinath AP, McMillan M, Smith JP, Farnham MW. Expression of Bacterial Blight Resistance in Brassica Leafy Greens Under Field Conditions and Inheritance of Resistance in a Brassica juncea Source. Plant Dis 2013; 97:131-137. [PMID: 30722261 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-12-0220-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Brassica leafy greens are one of the most economically important vegetable commodity groups grown in the southeastern United States, and more than 28,000 metric tons of these crops are harvested in the United States annually. Collard and kale (Brassica oleracea Acephala group), mustard green (B. juncea), and turnip green (B. rapa) are the most commonly planted members of the brassica leafy greens group. In the last 10 years, numerous occurrences of bacterial blight on these leafy vegetables have been reported in several states. One of the pathogens responsible for this blight is designated Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis. Two B. rapa (G30710 and G30499) and two B. juncea (PI418956 and G30988) plant introductions (PIs) that exhibited moderate to high levels of resistance to this pathogen in greenhouse studies were tested for field resistance in comparison with eight commercial cultivar representatives of turnip green, mustard green, collard, and kale. The two B. juncea PIs and one of the B. rapa PIs (G30499) were found to have significantly less disease than all tested cultivars except 'Southern Curled Giant' mustard green (B. juncea) and 'Blue Knight' kale (B. oleracea). Inheritance of resistance studies performed with populations derived from the resistant G30988 and two susceptible PIs provided some evidence that resistance may be controlled by a single recessive gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Wechter
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29414
| | - A P Keinath
- Clemson University, Coastal Research and Education Center, Charleston, SC 29414
| | - M McMillan
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston
| | - J P Smith
- Clemson University, Cooperative Extension Service, Lexington, SC, 29072
| | - M W Farnham
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston
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23
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Elmantaser M, McMillan M, Smith K, Khanna S, Chantler D, Panarelli M, Ahmed SF. A comparison of the effect of two types of vibration exercise on the endocrine and musculoskeletal system. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2012; 12:144-154. [PMID: 22947546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole body vibration (WBV) is a novel training intervention but a comparison of different methods of WBV has rarely been performed. AIM To compare the short and medium term effects of two regimens of WBV on endocrine status, muscle function and markers of bone turnover. PATIENTS AND METHODS Over a period of 16 weeks, 10 men with a median age of 33 yrs (range, 29,49), were randomised to stand on the Galileo platform (GP) or Juvent1000 platform (JP) 3 times/wk. The total study duration was 16 weeks with measurements performed in a 4 week period of run-in, 8 weeks of WBV and a 4 week period of washout. These measurements included an assessment of anthropometry, body composition, muscle function and biochemical markers of endocrine status and bone turnover. To assess immediate effects of WBV, measurements were also performed at 60 mins before and 5, 30 and 60 mins after WBV. To assess immediate effects of WBV, measurements were also performed at 60 mins before and 5, 30 and 60 mins after WBV. RESULTS GP at 22 Hz was associated with an immediate increase in serum GH, rising from 0.07 μg/l (0.04,0.69) to 0.52 μg/l (0.06,2.4) (p=0.06), 0.63 μg/l (0.1,1.18) (p=0.03), 0.21 μg/l (0.07,0.65) (p=0.2) at 5 mins, 20 mins and 60 mins after WBV, respectively. An immediate effect was also observed in median serum cortisol which reduced from 316 nmol/l (247,442) before WBV to 173 nmol/l (123,245) (p=0.01),165 nmol/l (139,276) (p=0.02) and 198 nmol/l (106,294) (p=0.04) at 5 mins, 20 mins and 60 mins after WBV, respectively. Median serum CTX reduced significantly after 8 weeks of WBV training in the GP group from 0.42 ng/ml (0.29,0.90) pre-WBV to 0.29 ng/ml (0.18,0.44) at the end of WBV training (p=0.03). Over the 8 weeks, there was a reduction in median serum cortisol in the GP group from 333 nmol/l (242,445) (pre-WBV) to 270 nmol/l (115,323) (WBV) (p=0.04). None of the changes observed in the JP group reached statistical significance. Neither group showed any significant effect on muscle function, IGF-1, testosterone, leptin, CRP, creatine kinase, insulin or other markers of bone turnover. CONCLUSION WBV can stimulate GH secretion, reduce circulating cortisol and reduce bone resorption. These effects are independent of clear changes in muscle function and depend on the type of WBV that is administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elmantaser
- Bone and Endocrine Research Group, Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK
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McMillan M, Shepherd A, Nienow P, Leeson A. Tide model accuracy in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica, from radar interferometry observations of ice shelf motion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jc007294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tanih NF, McMillan M, Naidoo N, Ndip LM, Weaver LT, Ndip RN. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori vacA, cagA and iceA genotypes in South African patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases. Acta Trop 2010; 116:68-73. [PMID: 20529658 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical response to Helicobacter pylori infection may be determined by specific virulence-associated genotypes which varies geographically. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of putative virulence markers of H. pylori; cagA, vacA and iceA in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. One hundred H. pylori strains obtained from dyspeptic patients were used. Gastric biopsies were obtained from 254 dyspeptic patients. H. pylori was cultured and strains were studied. Bacterial genotypes cagA, vacA (s and m subtypes) and iceA were analysed by PCR using specific primers. CagA was identified in 90% of the strains investigated. Fifty-eight of the 100 strains had the vacA signal sequence genotype s1 and 26 had subtype s2. Combined vacA s1/s2 was detected in 16 of the strains. VacA middle region analysis showed that 8 (8%) strains were m1 while 50 were m2. Combined vacA m1/m2 was detected in 36 of the strains. s1m2 (20%) and s2m2 (20%) genotypes were the most common allelic combinations of the vacA gene among the strains. Multiple vacA genotypes were detected in this study. Twenty-six percent of the strains identified had both iceA1 and iceA2. All our strains tested positive for the ureC (glmM) gene. This study reveals a high prevalence of vacA, cagA and iceA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline F Tanih
- Microbial Pathogenicity and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X 1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Abstract
Despite its prevalence there has been little academic research into swearing, and certainly none on its impact on nurses and nursing practice. Nurses are, of all health workers, most likely to be targets of verbal aggression, and up to 100% of nurses in mental health settings report verbal abuse. The literature contains no reference to the effects on nurses of exposure to swearing. This paper reports the findings of a questionnaire study of 107 nurses working in three clinical settings, which used a mixed methods approach. Participants reported high levels of swearing by patients, 32% citing its occurrence from one to five times per week and 7% 'continuously'; a similar incidence arose across the nursing teams at all sites, but being sworn at in anger by another staff member happened rarely. The study failed to show significant differences in the frequency of swearing between mental health and paediatric settings, but did find gender-based differences in both frequency of use and offendedness. High degrees of distress among nurses subjected to swearing were evident; moreover, respondents appeared to have only a limited range of interventions to draw upon in dealing with exposure to such treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Stone
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
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McCulloch E, McMillan M, Lucas C, Ramage G, Mowat E, William C. Molecular typing of Ps. aeruginosa direct from clinical specimens. J Cyst Fibros 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(09)60153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bricarell∗ A, McMillan M, Hall K, Rakowitz L. Comparison of Different Management Techniques on Hay Wastage in Horses Fed Coastal Bermudagrass Square Baled Hay. J Equine Vet Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2009.04.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Siu KKW, Lee JE, Sufrin JR, Moffatt BA, McMillan M, Cornell KA, Isom C, Howell PL. Molecular determinants of substrate specificity in plant 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidases. J Mol Biol 2008; 378:112-28. [PMID: 18342331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
5'-Methylthioadenosine (MTA)/S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) nucleosidase (MTAN) is essential for cellular metabolism and development in many bacterial species. While the enzyme is found in plants, plant MTANs appear to select for MTA preferentially, with little or no affinity for SAH. To understand what determines substrate specificity in this enzyme, MTAN homologues from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtMTAN1 and AtMTAN2, which are referred to as AtMTN1 and AtMTN2 in the plant literature) have been characterized kinetically. While both homologues hydrolyze MTA with comparable kinetic parameters, only AtMTAN2 shows activity towards SAH. AtMTAN2 also has higher catalytic activity towards other substrate analogues with longer 5'-substituents. The structures of apo AtMTAN1 and its complexes with the substrate- and transition-state-analogues, 5'-methylthiotubercidin and formycin A, respectively, have been determined at 2.0-1.8 A resolution. A homology model of AtMTAN2 was generated using the AtMTAN1 structures. Comparison of the AtMTAN1 and AtMTAN2 structures reveals that only three residues in the active site differ between the two enzymes. Our analysis suggests that two of these residues, Leu181/Met168 and Phe148/Leu135 in AtMTAN1/AtMTAN2, likely account for the divergence in specificity of the enzymes. Comparison of the AtMTAN1 and available Escherichia coli MTAN (EcMTAN) structures suggests that a combination of differences in the 5'-alkylthio binding region and reduced conformational flexibility in the AtMTAN1 active site likely contribute to its reduced efficiency in binding substrate analogues with longer 5'-substituents. In addition, in contrast to EcMTAN, the active site of AtMTAN1 remains solvated in its ligand-bound forms. As the apparent pK(a) of an amino acid depends on its local environment, the putative catalytic acid Asp225 in AtMTAN1 may not be protonated at physiological pH and this suggests the transition state of AtMTAN1, like human MTA phosphorylase and Streptococcus pneumoniae MTAN, may be different from that found in EcMTAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen K W Siu
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Davis JS, Thomas J, McMillan M, Yeo T, Celermajer D, Stephens D, Anstey NM. Finger reactive hyperaemia to measure endothelial function in sepsis and health (the FRESH study). Crit Care 2008. [PMCID: PMC4088435 DOI: 10.1186/cc6285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Lucas C, McMillan M, Brown D, Williams C. P1841 On-site molecular typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as an adjunct to infection control in a paediatric cysticfibrosis centre. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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McMillan M. THE IDENTIFICATION OF A FLUORESCENT REDUCING SUBSTANCE IN THE URINE OF PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: THE EXCRETION OF 3-HYDROXYANTHRANILIC ACID IN THIS AND OTHER CONDITIONS. J Clin Pathol 2006; 13:140-8. [PMID: 16810953 PMCID: PMC480022 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.13.2.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The report that 2,5-dihydroxyphenylpyruvic acid occurs in the urine of patients with collagen disease has not been confirmed, and no evidence was found for regarding collagen disease as being due to an inherent error in tyrosine metabolism as suggested by Japanese workers.A strongly reducing substance was conspicuous in the urine of patients with rheumatoid arthritis but not in that of normal persons. This substance was identified as 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA).A method is described for the measurement of 3-HAA in urine, employing ether extraction, paper chromatography in a formate solvent, and visual assessment by fluorescence in ultra-violet light and colour with Ehrlich's reagent. Normal persons excreted from less than 125 to 375 mug./day (average rather lower than 200 mug./day); those suffering from rheumatoid arthritis excreted from less than 125 to 2,250 mug./day (average 820 mug./day). The excessive excretion of 3-HAA in persons with rheumatoid arthritis was investigated in terms of other aspects of the activity of the disease. Some relationship was suggested between excretion levels, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the sensitized sheep cell test. Cases of osteoarthritis, other orthopaedic conditions, and miscellaneous diseases were examined. A few of the latter, including diseases of the haemopoietic system, were associated with increased excretion of 3-HAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McMillan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary
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Louie KA, Weiner LP, Du J, Kochounian HH, Fling SP, Wei W, McMillan M. Cell-based gene therapy experiments in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Gene Ther 2005; 12:1145-53. [PMID: 15772685 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
With the ultimate goal of developing a novel treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS), we have developed a cell-based gene therapy protocol for the treatment of murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a powerful animal model for MS. We have determined that transduced fibroblasts secreting encephalogenic epitopes, when injected into mice with EAE, cause a striking abrogation of disease. Both myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein mini-gene constructs expressed in syngeneic fibroblast cells were capable of ameliorating ongoing EAE induced by MBP protein. These experiments are crucial since they suggest that not all encephalogenic epitopes need be secreted for the control of disease. We also demonstrate the success of this protocol when transduced syngeneic, and most importantly, allogeneic cells are sequestered within an implantable chamber. Furthermore, we find that through modifying antigen expression by changing the signal sequence of the mini-gene construct, we were able to significantly reduce the dose of cells required for treatment. These improvements to the mini-gene delivery system are critical for the eventual translation of our protocol to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Louie
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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MacKay WG, Williams CL, McMillan M, Ndip RN, Shepherd AJ, Weaver LT. Evaluation of protocol using gene capture and PCR for detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in feces. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:4589-93. [PMID: 14532187 PMCID: PMC254295 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.10.4589-4593.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2003] [Revised: 02/01/2003] [Accepted: 06/24/2003] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The route of transmission of Helicobacter pylori, which is usually acquired in childhood and is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans, remains undetermined. Mapping the distribution of H. pylori genotypes within families could help to determine the routes of transmission and risk factors. Here we describe a noninvasive method for obtaining H. pylori DNA isolates from the feces of children. Children presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms at the Royal Hospital for Sick Children were tested for gastric H. pylori colonization by using the 13C-urea breath test (UBT) and were asked to provide fecal samples, which were tested for H. pylori by using the HpSA fecal antigen test. DNA was purified from fecal samples by using a novel method of gene capture with subsequent H. pylori PCR analysis. Fifteen UBT-positive and 15 UBT-negative children participated in the study. The positive and negative predictive values for the assay were 80 and 100%, respectively. Fecal DNA purification followed by H. pylori PCR analysis is an effective tool for harvesting H. pylori DNA isolates from the feces of children. This technique may be developed to allow the diagnosis and noninvasive genotyping of H. pylori in children and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G MacKay
- Division of Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.
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35
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McMillan M, Armitage D. Community Palliative Care in Australia. Nurs Health Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-2018.2002.01140_16.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sakellson S, McMillan M, Haller GL. EXAFS evidence for direct metal-metal bonding in reduced rhodium/titania catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100400a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Detty MR, Friedman AE, McMillan M. A Stepwise Mechanism for Oxidative Addition of Bromine to Organoselenium(II) and Organotellurium(II) Compounds. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om00020a053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Detty MR, Friedman AE, McMillan M. Stepwise Mechanism for Oxidative Addition of Iodine to Organotellurium(II) Compounds As Observed by Stopped-Flow Spectroscopy. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om00003a052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abruna HD, White JH, Albarelli MJ, Bommarito GM, Bedzyk MJ, McMillan M. Is there any beam yet? Uses of synchrotron radiation in the in situ study of electrochemical interfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100336a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Detty MR, Eachus RS, Sinicropi JA, Lenhard JR, McMillan M, Lanzafame AM, Luss HR, Young R, Eilers JE. Electron Transport in 4H-1,1-Dioxo-4-(dicyanomethylidene)thiopyrans. Investigation of x-ray Structures of Neutral Molecules, Electrochemical Reduction to the Anion Radicals, and Absorption Properties and EPR Spectra of the Anion Radicals. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00111a028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Detty MR, Williams AJ, Hewitt JM, McMillan M. 1H NMR Exchange Reactions in Tellurium(IV) Derivatives with Cleavage of Te-N Bonds. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om00011a049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Resasco DE, Weber RS, Sakellson S, McMillan M, Haller GL. X-ray absorption near-edge structure evidence for direct metal-metal bonding and electron transfer in reduced rhodium/titania catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100312a041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Misra-press A, McMillan M, Cudaback E, Qabar M, Ruan F, Nguyen M, Vaisar T, Nakanishi H, Kahn M. Identification of a Novel Inhibitor of the NF-κB Pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.2174/1568014024606566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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McMillan M. Setting the agenda for consumer-oriented care in the new millennium. Contemp Nurse 2001; 10:5-6. [PMID: 11855020 DOI: 10.5172/conu.10.1-2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Four secondary progressive MS patients were vaccinated with bovine myelin-reactive irradiated T cell lines from their peripheral blood. Patients were followed for 30-39 months, and monitored for immunological responses toward the vaccine, and for their clinical characteristics. Two patients showed stable EDSS score over time, one patient showed improvement by one EDSS step, and in the remaining patient her EDSS advanced over time. After the second inoculation there was a progressive decline of circulating whole myelin-reactive T cells, MBP143-168, PLP104-117, and MOG43-55-peptide-reactive T cells. In contrast the frequency of tetanus toxoid-reactive T cells remained unchanged. T cell vaccination (TCV) was also associated with a decline of myelin-specific IL-2- and IFN-gamma-secreting T cells. Twelve T cell lines (TCL) that recognize the inoculates were isolated from the peripheral blood of two patients. Ten of these TCL were CD8(+) and lysed the inoculates in a MHC Class I restricted manner. The remaining two TCL were CD4(+), and lysed the inoculates by MHC Class II restricted cytolytic activity. All T cell lines lysed not only myelin-reactive T cells, but also TCL specific for MBP143-168, PLP104-117 and MOG43-55 peptides. Control TCL specific for tetanus toxoid were not lysed. Neutralizing anti-Fas mAb did not influence the killing. Moreover, culture supernatants from two TCL which produce IL-10, were able to block the proliferation of myelin protein-specific TCL. This effect was abrogated using mAbs specific for IL-10. The data obtained indicated that TCV using autologous irradiated bovine myelin-reactive T cells promotes an effective depletion of T cells reactive against different myelin antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Correale
- Department of Neurology, USC School of Medicine, 1333 San Pablo Street, MCK 142, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Granich RM, Zuber PL, McMillan M, Cobb JD, Burr J, Sfakianaki ED, Fussell M, Binkin NJ. Tuberculosis among foreign-born residents of southern Florida, 1995. Public Health Rep 1998; 113:552-6. [PMID: 9847928 PMCID: PMC1308440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the characteristics of foreign-born people with tuberculosis (TB) in Southern Florida, their contribution to the total number of TB cases, and available data on their HIV status as well as to determine the number of cases detected by the overseas medical screening of immigrants and refugees. METHODS The authors reviewed TB cases reported by Broward, Dade, and Palm Beach counties in 1995. Case records were matched against the CDC Division of Quarantine database of immigrants and refugees suspected to have TB at the time of visa application overseas. RESULTS Nearly half (49%) of TB cases in the three counties were among people born outside the United States--34% in Broward County, 58% in Dade County, and 40% in Palm Beach County. A high percentage (26%) were co-infected with HIV. Of those with known date of arrival, 68% had been in the United States for five or more years. Only three cases had been identified by overseas immigrant screening. CONCLUSIONS A low percentage of TB cases in foreign-born people were identified through the overseas screening system. Controlling TB in South Florida will require efforts targeted toward high risk populations, including people with HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Granich
- School of Public Health, UC Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Ochoa-Garay J, McKinney DM, Kochounian HH, McMillan M. The ability of peptides to induce cytotoxic T cells in vitro does not strongly correlate with their affinity for the H-2Ld molecule: implications for vaccine design and immunotherapy. Mol Immunol 1997; 34:273-81. [PMID: 9224969 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(97)00019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis that the ability of a peptide to bind to a class I molecule correlates with its immunogenicity is controversial. In this paper we have measured the affinity constants of nine synthetic peptides, which have been previously identified as binding to H-2L(d) molecules, and have determined their immunogenicity in an in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induction assay. We find that six peptides bind with high affinity (K(a) > 10(7)/M); of these, four are of viral origin but only two elicit potent CTLs, one is a self peptide which is not immunogenic, while the sixth is of bacterial origin and also does not generate effective CTLs. Two peptides bind with intermediate affinity (K(a) > 10(6)/M); one of these elicits a moderate CTL response, while the other, a tumor-derived epitope, is highly immunogenic. Intriguingly, the peptide with lowest affinity (p2Ca) is exceedingly effective at eliciting CTLs. The efficacy of peptides with modest affinity for their restriction elements appears to correlate well with the CTL precursor frequency. We have also examined intrinsic parameters of some of the peptides such as solubility and stability. Taken together, our results underscore the relevance of factors other than affinity which affect immunogenicity and which may be critical in the design of peptide-based vaccines as well as tumor immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ochoa-Garay
- Department of Microbiology, USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, U.S.A
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Correale J, McMillan M, Li S, McCarthy K, Le T, Weiner LP. Antigen presentation by autoreactive proteolipid protein peptide-specific T cell clones from chronic progressive multiple sclerosis patients: roles of co-stimulatory B7 molecules and IL-12. J Neuroimmunol 1997; 72:27-43. [PMID: 9003243 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(96)00139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To assess the role of T cell antigen (Ag) presentation in multiple sclerosis (MS), proteolipid protein (PLP) peptide reactive CD4+ T cell clones (TCCs) from MS patients and normal subjects were studied. TCCs derived from chronic progressive (CP) MS patients were able to proliferate and secret cytokines in response to PLP peptide stimulation in the absence of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), suggesting that these T cells can simultaneously present and respond to Ags. However, they did not respond to total PLP protein, suggesting that PLP-peptide TCCs were unable to process and present the whole PLP molecule. The ability of the different TCCs to act as APCs in response to Ag stimulation did not correlate with expression of HLA-class II molecules. However, the degree of expression of B7-1 and B7-2 co-stimulatory molecules showed a significant correlation with APC capacity. Furthermore, a combination of anti-B7-1 and anti-B7-2 mAbs effectively inhibited proliferative responses as well as secretion of IL-10, IFN gamma and TGF beta induced by antigen presenting T cells. By contrast, IL-4 secretion was not affected. Finally, IL-12 significantly enhanced the efficiency of T cell Ag presentation by a pathway independent of Ag processing, suggesting that IL-12 might act as an additional co-stimulatory signal for T cell activation during T-T cell interactions. Together, these observations suggest that Ag presentation by T cells might amplify and perpetuate an autoimmune response previously initiated by professional APCs. These properties may account for progression of MS into a CP phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Correale
- Department of Neurology, USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033, USA.
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Correale J, Gilmore W, Lopez J, Li SQ, McMillan M, Weiner LP. Defective post-thymic tolerance mechanisms during the chronic progressive stage of multiple sclerosis. Nat Med 1996; 2:1354-60. [PMID: 8946835 DOI: 10.1038/nm1296-1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have recently isolated a panel of T-cell clones from chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) patients that are capable of functioning as antigen-presenting cells and of expressing the costimulatory molecules B7-1 and B7-2. In this report we show that these T-cell clones are resistant to inhibitory regulation, including the induction of anergy and sensitivity to tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-induced growth inhibition. The resistance to anergy induction was associated with expression of B7 costimulatory molecules. These data suggest that lack of responsiveness to peripheral inhibitory signals may account for the entry of autoimmune diseases into a chronic progressive phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Correale
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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