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Geibl FF, Henrich MT, Xie Z, Zampese E, Tkatch T, Wokosin DL, Nasiri E, Grotmann CA, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Chandel NS, Oertel WH, Surmeier DJ. α-Synuclein pathology disrupts mitochondrial function in dopaminergic and cholinergic neurons at-risk in Parkinson's disease. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.11.571045. [PMID: 38168401 PMCID: PMC10759995 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.11.571045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Pathological accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein (aSYN) is a common feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanisms by which intracellular aSYN pathology contributes to dysfunction and degeneration of neurons in the brain are still unclear. A potentially relevant target of aSYN is the mitochondrion. To test this hypothesis, genetic and physiological methods were used to monitor mitochondrial function in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic and pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) cholinergic neurons after stereotaxic injection of aSYN pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) into the mouse brain. Methods aSYN PPFs were stereotaxically injected into the SNc or PPN of mice. Twelve weeks later, mice were studied using a combination of approaches, including immunocytochemical analysis, cell- type specific transcriptomic profiling, electron microscopy, electrophysiology and two-photon-laser- scanning microscopy of genetically encoded sensors for bioenergetic and redox status. Results In addition to inducing a significant neuronal loss, SNc injection of PFFs induced the formation of intracellular, phosphorylated aSYN aggregates selectively in dopaminergic neurons. In these neurons, PFF-exposure decreased mitochondrial gene expression, reduced the number of mitochondria, increased oxidant stress, and profoundly disrupted mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production. Consistent with an aSYN-induced bioenergetic deficit, the autonomous spiking of dopaminergic neurons slowed or stopped. PFFs also up-regulated lysosomal gene expression and increased lysosomal abundance, leading to the formation of Lewy-like inclusions. Similar changes were observed in PPN cholinergic neurons following aSYN PFF exposure. Conclusions Taken together, our findings suggest that disruption of mitochondrial function, and the subsequent bioenergetic deficit, is a proximal step in the cascade of events induced by aSYN pathology leading to dysfunction and degeneration of neurons at-risk in PD.
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Henrich MT, Oertel WH, Surmeier DJ, Geibl FF. Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease - a key disease hallmark with therapeutic potential. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:83. [PMID: 37951933 PMCID: PMC10640762 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly implicated in the etiology of idiopathic and genetic Parkinson's disease (PD). However, strategies aimed at ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction, including antioxidants, antidiabetic drugs, and iron chelators, have failed in disease-modification clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the cellular determinants of mitochondrial dysfunction, including impairment of electron transport chain complex 1, increased oxidative stress, disturbed mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, and cellular bioenergetic deficiency. In addition, we outline mitochondrial pathways to neurodegeneration in the current context of PD pathogenesis, and review past and current treatment strategies in an attempt to better understand why translational efforts thus far have been unsuccessful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin T Henrich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, 35039, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Wolfgang H Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Fanni F Geibl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, 35039, Marburg, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Janzen A, Vadasz D, Booij J, Luster M, Librizzi D, Henrich MT, Timmermann L, Habibi M, Sittig E, Mayer G, Geibl F, Oertel W. Progressive Olfactory Impairment and Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. J Parkinsons Dis 2022; 12:1921-1935. [PMID: 35754288 PMCID: PMC9535565 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: Isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is prodromal for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Objective: We investigated the use of cardiac [123I]meta-iodo-benzyl-guanidine scintigraphy ([123I]MIBG) and olfactory testing— in comparison to [123I]N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane single photon emission computed tomography ([123I]FP-CIT-SPECT)— for identifying iRBD patients as prodromal phenotype of PD/DLB. Methods: 37 RBD subjects underwent cardiac [123I]MIBG and brain [123I]FP-CIT-SPECT at baseline. Olfactory (Sniffin’ Sticks), cognitive and motor functions were tested annually for ∼4 years. Results: 29/37 (78.4%) subjects had a pathological [123I]MIBG, of whom 86.2% (25/29) presented at least a moderate hyposmia at baseline (threshold/discrimination/identification-(TDI-)score ≤25). 20/37 (54.1%) subjects had a pathological [123I]FP-CIT-SPECT, always combined with a pathological [123I]MIBG. In subjects with pathological [123I]MIBG, olfactory function worsened (mainly due to threshold and discrimination subscores) from baseline to follow-up (p = 0.005). Olfaction was more impaired in subjects with pathological [123I]MIBG compared to those with normal [123I]MIBG at baseline (p = 0.001) and follow-up (p < 0.001). UPDRS-III scores increased in subjects with both pathological [123I]MIBG and [123I]FP-CIT-SPECT. In this group, seven subjects phenoconverted to PD, all— except for one— presented with at least moderate hyposmia at baseline. Conclusion: A combination of the biomarkers “pathological [123I]MIBG” and “hyposmia” likely identifies iRBD patients in an early prodromal stage of PD/DLB, i.e., before nigrostriatal degeneration is visualized. One-third of the subjects with pathological [123I]MIBG had a normal [123I]FP-CIT-SPECT. Noteworthy, in iRBD subjects with pathological [123I]MIBG, olfactory impairment is progressive independent of the [123I]FP-CIT-SPECT status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Janzen
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - David Vadasz
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Luster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Damiano Librizzi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin T Henrich
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mahboubeh Habibi
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Sittig
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Geert Mayer
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Hephata Clinic, Treysa, Germany
| | - Fanni Geibl
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Henderson MX, Henrich MT, Geibl FF, Oertel WH, Brundin P, Surmeier DJ. The roles of connectivity and neuronal phenotype in determining the pattern of α-synuclein pathology in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 168:105687. [PMID: 35283326 PMCID: PMC9610381 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, and motor dysfunction has been attributed to loss of dopaminergic neurons. However, motor dysfunction is only one of many symptoms experienced by patients. A neuropathological hallmark of PD is intraneuronal protein aggregates called Lewy pathology (LP). Neuropathological staging studies have shown that dopaminergic neurons are only one of the many cell types prone to manifest LP. Progressive appearance of LP in multiple brain regions, as well as peripheral nerves, has led to the popular hypothesis that LP and misfolded forms of one of its major components - α-synuclein (aSYN) - can spread through synaptically connected circuits. However, not all brain regions or neurons within connected circuits develop LP, suggesting that cell autonomous factors modulate the development of pathology. Here, we review studies about how LP develops and progressively engages additional brain regions. We focus on how connectivity constrains progression and discuss cell autonomous factors that drive pathology development. We propose a mixed model of cell autonomous factors and trans-synaptic spread as mediators of pathology progression and put forward this model as a framework for future experiments exploring PD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael X Henderson
- Parkinson's Disease Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, United States of America.
| | - Martin T Henrich
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany; Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America
| | - Fanni F Geibl
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany; Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang H Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Parkinson's Disease Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, United States of America
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America
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Matschke LA, Komadowski MA, Stöhr A, Lee B, Henrich MT, Griesbach M, Rinné S, Geibl FF, Chiu WH, Koprich JB, Brotchie JM, Kiper AK, Dolga AM, Oertel WH, Decher N. Enhanced firing of locus coeruleus neurons and SK channel dysfunction are conserved in distinct models of prodromal Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3180. [PMID: 35210472 PMCID: PMC8873463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is clinically defined by the presence of the cardinal motor symptoms, which are associated with a loss of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). While SNpc neurons serve as the prototypical cell-type to study cellular vulnerability in PD, there is an unmet need to extent our efforts to other neurons at risk. The noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) represents one of the first brain structures affected in Parkinson's disease (PD) and plays not only a crucial role for the evolving non-motor symptomatology, but it is also believed to contribute to disease progression by efferent noradrenergic deficiency. Therefore, we sought to characterize the electrophysiological properties of LC neurons in two distinct PD models: (1) in an in vivo mouse model of focal α-synuclein overexpression; and (2) in an in vitro rotenone-induced PD model. Despite the fundamental differences of these two PD models, α-synuclein overexpression as well as rotenone exposure led to an accelerated autonomous pacemaker frequency of LC neurons, accompanied by severe alterations of the afterhyperpolarization amplitude. On the mechanistic side, we suggest that Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels are mediators of the increased LC neuronal excitability, as pharmacological activation of these channels is sufficient to prevent increased LC pacemaking and subsequent neuronal loss in the LC following in vitro rotenone exposure. These findings suggest a role of SK channels in PD by linking α-synuclein- and rotenone-induced changes in LC firing rate to SK channel dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina A Matschke
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - MCMBB, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany.,Clinic for Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marlene A Komadowski
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - MCMBB, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Annette Stöhr
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - MCMBB, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bolam Lee
- Clinic for Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin T Henrich
- Clinic for Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Griesbach
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - MCMBB, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Rinné
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - MCMBB, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Fanni F Geibl
- Clinic for Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wei-Hua Chiu
- Clinic for Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - James B Koprich
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 8KD402, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Brotchie
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 8KD402, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Aytug K Kiper
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - MCMBB, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Amalia M Dolga
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang H Oertel
- Clinic for Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Hertie Senior Research Professor of the Charitable Hertie Foundation, 60323, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Niels Decher
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - MCMBB, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany.
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Henrich MT, Geibl FF, Lakshminarasimhan H, Stegmann A, Giasson BI, Mao X, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Oertel WH, Surmeier DJ. Determinants of seeding and spreading of α-synuclein pathology in the brain. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eabc2487. [PMID: 33177086 PMCID: PMC7673735 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), fibrillar forms of α-synuclein are hypothesized to propagate through synaptically coupled networks, causing Lewy pathology (LP) and neurodegeneration. To more rigorously characterize the determinants of spreading, preformed α-synuclein fibrils were injected into the mouse pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), a brain region that manifests LP in PD patients and the distribution of developing α-synuclein pathology compared to that ascertained by anterograde and retrograde connectomic mapping. Within the PPN, α-synuclein pathology was cell-specific, being robust in PD-vulnerable cholinergic neurons but not in neighboring noncholinergic neurons. While nearly all neurons projecting to PPN cholinergics manifested α-synuclein pathology, the kinetics, magnitude, and persistence of the propagated pathology were unrelated to the strength of those connections. Thus, neuronal phenotype governs the somatodendritic uptake of pathological α-synuclein, and while the afferent connectome restricts the subsequent spreading of pathology, its magnitude and persistence is not a strict function of the strength of coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin T Henrich
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Fanni F Geibl
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Harini Lakshminarasimhan
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Anna Stegmann
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Wolfgang H Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Oertel WH, Henrich MT, Janzen A, Geibl FF. The locus coeruleus: Another vulnerability target in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1423-1429. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annette Janzen
- Department of Neurology Philipps University Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Fanni F. Geibl
- Department of Neurology Philipps University Marburg Marburg Germany
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Geibl FF, Henrich MT, Oertel WH. Mesencephalic and extramesencephalic dopaminergic systems in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:377-396. [PMID: 30643975 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-01970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system and concurrent dopamine (DA) deficiency in the basal ganglia represent core features of Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite the central role of DA in the pathogenesis of PD, dopaminergic systems outside of the midbrain have not been systematically investigated for Lewy body pathology or neurodegeneration. Dopaminergic neurons show a surprisingly rich neurobiological diversity, suggesting that there is not one general type of dopaminergic neuron, but rather a spectrum of different dopaminergic phenotypes. This heterogeneity on the cellular level could account for the observed differences in susceptibility of the dopaminergic systems to the PD disease process. In this review, we will summarize the long history from the first description of PD to the rationally derived DA replacement therapy, describe the basal neuroanatomical and neuropathological features of the different dopaminergic systems in health and PD, explore how neuroimaging techniques broadened our view of the dysfunctional dopaminergic systems in PD and discuss how dopaminergic replacement therapy ameliorates the classical motor symptoms but simultaneously induces a new set of hyperdopaminergic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanni F Geibl
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße 1, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Martin T Henrich
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße 1, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße 1, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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