1
|
Donnelly JM, Walsh JM, Horan MK, Mehegan J, Molloy EJ, Byrne DF, McAuliffe FM. Parental Height and Weight Influence Offspring Adiposity at 2 Years; Findings from the ROLO Kids Birth Cohort Study. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:422-428. [PMID: 34965588 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The perinatal period and in utero environment are important for fetal growth, development, and fetal programming. This study aimed to determine the effect of parental anthropometry and the maternal metabolic milieu on offspring adiposity at 2 years of age. STUDY DESIGN This longitudinal birth cohort includes analysis of maternal (n = 337) and paternal (n = 219) anthropometry and maternal and fetal metabolic markers (n = 337), including glucose, homeostatic model of assessment (HOMA), C-peptide, and leptin from participants of the ROLO (the Randomized Control Trial of Low) pregnancy study, and their partners, to determine an association with offspring anthropometry at two years of age. RESULTS Linear regression, when adjusted for confounders, indicated maternal and paternal anthropometry and was associated with offspring weight and length at 2 years of age. Maternal height was negatively associated with general adiposity in the total cohort of children (p = 0.002) and in female children (p = 0.006) and central adiposity in the total child cohort (p < 0.001). Paternal height was also negatively associated with general adiposity in all children (p = 0.002) and central adiposity in total (p = 0.023) and female children (p = 0.008). Maternal glucose, insulin resistance, and fetal C-peptide positively correlated with anthropometry in total, male, and female children. CONCLUSION Parental anthropometry in the perinatal period has a long-lasting effect on offspring anthropometry beyond the neonatal period. Maternal and fetal metabolic factors influence adiposity, and this extends beyond the perinatal period. Parental adiposity may play a significant role in early childhood adiposity and may be a target for interventions to decrease the risk of early childhood obesity. KEY POINTS · Parental height and weight were associated with offspring anthropometry and measures of offspring adiposity at 2 years of age.. · Maternal glucose, insulin resistance, and fetal C-peptide correlated with offspring anthropometry.. · Parental anthropometry has long-term effect on offspring adiposity and is seen at 2 years of age..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Donnelly
- University College Dublin, Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neonatology Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer M Walsh
- University College Dublin, Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary K Horan
- University College Dublin, Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Mehegan
- University College Dublin, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleanor J Molloy
- Department of Neonatology Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neonatology, Coombe Women and Infants Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David F Byrne
- University College Dublin, Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- University College Dublin, Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Callanan S, Yelverton CA, Geraghty AA, O'Brien EC, Donnelly JM, Larkin E, Horan MK, Mehegan J, McAuliffe FM. The association of a low glycaemic index diet in pregnancy with child body composition at 5 years of age: A secondary analysis of the ROLO study. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12820. [PMID: 34080318 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood obesity remains a significant global health concern. Early intervention through maternal diet during pregnancy represents a possible mode of improving childhood adiposity. AIM To examine the impact of a low glycaemic index diet during pregnancy on offspring anthropometry at 5 years of age. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of 387 children from the ROLO pregnancy study 5 years' post-intervention. At the follow-up, BMI, circumferences and skinfold thickness were obtained. A subgroup of 103 children had a DXA scan completed. Statistical analyses included Independent sample t tests, Mann Whitney-U tests and chi-square tests to compare the intervention and control groups. Adjusted analysis using linear regression controlled for significant confounders between participants who returned at follow-up and those that did not. RESULTS There were no significant differences in BMI (16.05 kg/m2 vs 16.16 kg/m2 , P = 0.403), general adiposity (36.60 mm vs 36.00 mm, P = 0.920), central adiposity (0.61 mm vs 0.60 mm, P = 0.540), total fat mass (4.91 kg vs 4.71 kg, P = 0.377) or total lean mass (14.29 kg vs 14.56 kg, P = 0.386) between the intervention and control groups, respectively. No associations were observed in 5-year outcomes in adjusted analyses when controlling for maternal age at delivery, maternal early pregnancy BMI, maternal education and gestational age. CONCLUSION Our study found no evidence that a low glycaemic index diet in pregnancy impacts offspring anthropometry 5 years' post-intervention. Therefore, modulating maternal carbohydrate quality in pregnancy may not be an appropriate approach to improving weight status in childhood. Future research should investigate the impact of other dietary practices in pregnancy on child health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Callanan
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cara A Yelverton
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling A Geraghty
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen C O'Brien
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean M Donnelly
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth Larkin
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary K Horan
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Mehegan
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
O'Brien EC, Geraghty AA, O'Sullivan EJ, Riordan JA, Horan MK, Larkin E, Donnelly J, Mehegan J, Twomey PJ, McAuliffe FM. Five‐year follow up of a low glycaemic index dietary randomised controlled trial in pregnancy—no long‐term maternal effects of a dietary intervention. BJOG 2018; 126:514-524. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- EC O'Brien
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre School of Medicine University College Dublin National Maternity Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - AA Geraghty
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre School of Medicine University College Dublin National Maternity Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - EJ O'Sullivan
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre School of Medicine University College Dublin National Maternity Hospital Dublin Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences Dublin Institute of Technology Dublin Ireland
| | - JA Riordan
- Clinical Chemistry St. Vincent's University Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - MK Horan
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre School of Medicine University College Dublin National Maternity Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - E Larkin
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre School of Medicine University College Dublin National Maternity Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - J Donnelly
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre School of Medicine University College Dublin National Maternity Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - J Mehegan
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - PJ Twomey
- Clinical Chemistry St. Vincent's University Hospital Dublin Ireland
- School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - FM McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre School of Medicine University College Dublin National Maternity Hospital Dublin Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Donnelly JM, Lindsay K, Walsh JM, Horan MK, O'Shea D, Molloy EJ, McAuliffe FM. Perinatal inflammation and childhood adiposity - a gender effect? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 33:1203-1210. [PMID: 30261783 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1517315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: To determine the association of maternal and fetal inflammatory factors with gender-specific infant adiposity, independent of leptin.Methods: Analysis of anthropometry from 265 mother-infant pairs at birth and 280 pairs at 6 months from the randomised control trial of low glycaemic index diet in pregnancy (ROLO) study (Randomised control trial of low glycaemic index diet) and their association with Maternal TNF-alpha, interleukin 6 and leptin as measured in early and late pregnancy and fetal levels in cord blood.Results: No associations were noted in the male cohort. On multiple regression amongst the female neonatal cohort late pregnancy IL-6 was inversely associated with sum of skinfolds (p ≤ .001); at 6 months infant sum of skinfolds were positively associated with early pregnancy IL-6 (p = .046) and central adiposity positively associated with early pregnancy TNF alpha (p = .018) independent of leptin.Conclusion: Although maternal inflammatory cytokines were not associated with neonatal adiposity independent of leptin (as this association is known), both IL-6 and TNF-α were associated with female infant anthropometry at 6 months of age independent of leptin. These results suggest inflammatory cytokines may exert an in-utero influence on later infant adiposity with a tendency to influence female adiposity more than male. Further research is required to ascertain whether these cytokines may be used as reliable early predictors of infant adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Donnelly
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen Lindsay
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer M Walsh
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary K Horan
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal O'Shea
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, St. Vincent's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleanor J Molloy
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Neonatology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Ireland.,Department of Neonatology, Coombe Women and Infants Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
O'Brien EC, Geraghty AA, O’Sullivan EJ, Riordan JA, Horan MK, Larkin E, Donnelly J, Meaghan J, Twomey PJ, McAuliffe FM. 75: The ROLO study mothers - glucose metabolism and body composition 5 years’ after a pregnancy dietary intervention. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.10.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
6
|
Geraghty A, O'Brien EC, Alberdi G, Horan MK, Donnelly J, Larkin E, Segurado R, Mehegan J, Molloy EJ, McAuliffe FM. 756: Maternal protein intake during pregnancy impacts child growth up to five years of age: Findings from the ROLO study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
7
|
Horan MK, Donnelly JM, McKenna MJ, Crosbie B, Kilbane MT, McAuliffe FM. An examination of whether associations exist between maternal and neonatal 25OHD and infant size and adiposity at birth, 6-9 months and 2-2.5 years of age - a longitudinal observational study from the ROLO study. BMC Nutr 2017; 3:62. [PMID: 32153842 PMCID: PMC7050699 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-017-0184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D status in pregnancy and offspring bone health effects are well established, yet limited knowledge exists on the effect of maternal vitamin D status on offspring size/adiposity. This study examines the association of early (13 weeks), late (28 weeks) pregnancy and neonatal (umbilical) 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) on offspring size/adiposity. METHODS This analysis included mother-infant pairs from the ROLO study at birth (n = 292), 6-9 months (n = 160) and 2-2.5 years (n = 287) postpartum. RESULTS Using Institute of Medicine 2011 Report criteria, 30% of women in early pregnancy and 38% in late pregnancy were at risk of vitamin D deficiency (25OHD < 30 nmol/L). Birthweight was negatively associated with early-pregnancy 25OHD (p = 0.004) and neonatal 25OHD (p < 0.001). Birth length was not associated with 25OHD. Neonatal measures of overall adiposity were negatively associated with neonatal 25OHD (p = 0.001, and p = <0.001 respectively). At 2-2.5 years there was a negative association between weight-for-age z-score and early-pregnancy 25OHD (p < 0.041). CONCLUSIONS Maternal and neonatal 25OHD were negatively associated with offspring size/adiposity at birth and offspring weight-for-age at 2-2.5 years. Results may not reflect a general population replete in vitamin D, due to high prevalence of macrosomia and high risk of deficiency in this cohort. Improvement of pregnancy vitamin D status remains a public health concern. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN54392969. 22/04/2009 retrospectively registered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary K. Horan
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jean M. Donnelly
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Malachi J. McKenna
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brenda Crosbie
- Metabolism Laboratory, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mark T. Kilbane
- Metabolism Laboratory, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M. McAuliffe
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Horan MK, Donnelly JM, McGowan CA, Gibney ER, McAuliffe FM. The association between maternal nutrition and lifestyle during pregnancy and 2-year-old offspring adiposity: analysis from the ROLO study. Z Gesundh Wiss 2016; 24:427-436. [PMID: 27695668 PMCID: PMC5025498 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-016-0740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim To examine the association between maternal nutrition and lifestyle factors and offspring adiposity, using baseline and 2-year postpartum follow-up data from a randomised control trial of low glycaemic index diet. Subject and methods Food diaries and lifestyle questionnaires were completed during pregnancy and infant feeding and maternal lifestyle questionnaires 2 years postpartum for 281 mother and infant pairs from the ROLO study. Maternal anthropometry was measured throughout pregnancy and infant and maternal anthropometry was measured 2 years postpartum. Results Maternal 2 year postpartum body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with offspring BMI-for-age z-score (B = 0.105, p = 0.015). Trimester 2 saturated fat intake was positively associated with offspring subscapular:triceps skinfold ratio (B = 0.018, p = 0.001). Trimester 1 glycaemic index was also positively associated with offspring sum of subscapular and triceps skinfolds (B = 0.009, p = 0.029). Conclusions Maternal BMI 2 years postpartum was positively associated with offspring BMI. Pregnancy saturated fat intake was positively and polyunsaturated fat negatively associated with offspring adiposity. While further research is necessary, pregnancy and the postpartum period may be early opportunities to combat childhood obesity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10389-016-0740-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary K. Horan
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jean M. Donnelly
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ciara A. McGowan
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- Science Centre – South, University College Dublin School Of Agriculture & Food Science, Belfield, Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M. McAuliffe
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Horan MK, McGowan CA, Gibney ER, Donnelly JM, McAuliffe FM. The association between maternal dietary micronutrient intake and neonatal anthropometry - secondary analysis from the ROLO study. Nutr J 2015; 14:105. [PMID: 26445882 PMCID: PMC4597429 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Micronutrients are necessary for fetal growth. However increasingly pregnant women are nutritionally replete and little is known about the effect of maternal micronutrient intakes on fetal adiposity in mothers with increased BMI. The aim of this study was to examine the association of maternal dietary micronutrient intake with neonatal size and adiposity in a cohort at risk of macrosomia. Methods This was a cohort analysis of 554 infants from the ROLO study. Three day food diaries from each trimester were collected. Neonatal weight, length, circumferences and skinfold thicknesses were measured at birth. Multiple linear regression was used to identify associations between micronutrient intakes and neonatal anthropometry. Results Birthweight was negatively associated with maternal trimester 3 vitamin D intake and positively associated with trimester 3 vitamin B12 intake R2adj 19.8 % (F = 13.19, p <0.001). Birth length was positively associated with trimester 3 magnesium intake R2adj 12.9 % (F = 8.06, p <0.001). In terms of neonatal central adiposity; abdominal circumference was positively associated with maternal trimester 3 retinol intake and negatively associated with trimester 3 vitamin E and selenium intake R2adj 11.9 % (F = 2.93, p = 0.002), waist:length ratio was negatively associated with trimester 3 magnesium intake R2adj 20.1 % (F = 3.92, p <0.001) and subscapular:triceps skinfold ratio was negatively associated with trimester 1 selenium intake R2adj7.2 % (F = 2.00, p = 0.047). Conclusions Maternal micronutrient intake was associated with neonatal anthropometry even in women not at risk of malnutrition. Further research is necessary to determine optimal micronutrient intake in overweight and obese pregnant women. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN54392969. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12937-015-0095-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Horan
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ciara A McGowan
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jean M Donnelly
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Horan MK, McGowan CA, Gibney ER, Donnelly JM, McAuliffe FM. Maternal low glycaemic index diet, fat intake and postprandial glucose influences neonatal adiposity--secondary analysis from the ROLO study. Nutr J 2014; 13:78. [PMID: 25084967 PMCID: PMC4124499 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The in utero environment is known to affect fetal development however many of the mechanisms by which this occurs remain unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between maternal dietary macronutrient intake and lifestyle throughout pregnancy and neonatal weight and adiposity. METHODS This was an analysis of 542 mother and infant pairs from the ROLO study (Randomised cOntrol trial of LOw glycaemic index diet versus no dietary intervention to prevent recurrence of fetal macrosomia). Food diaries as well as food frequency and lifestyle and physical activity questionnaires were completed during pregnancy. Maternal anthropometry was measured throughout pregnancy and neonatal anthropometry was measured at birth. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analysis revealed the main maternal factor associated with increased birth weight was greater gestational weight gain R2adj 23.3% (F = 11.547, p < 0.001). The main maternal factor associated with increased birth length was non-smoking status R2adj 27.8% (F = 6.193, p < 0.001). Neonatal central adiposity (determined using waist:length ratio) was negatively associated with maternal age, and positively associated with the following parameters: smoking status, maternal pre-pregnancy arm circumference, percentage energy from saturated fat in late pregnancy, postprandial glucose at 28 weeks gestation and membership of the control group with a positive trend towards association with trimester 2 glycaemic load R2adj 38.1% (F = 8.000, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Several maternal diet and lifestyle factors were associated with neonatal anthropometry . Low glycaemic index dietary intervention in pregnancy was found to have a beneficial effect on neonatal central adiposity. Additionally, central adiposity was positively associated with maternal dietary fat intake and postprandial glucose highlighting the important role of healthy diet in pregnancy in promoting normal neonatal adiposity. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN54392969.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Horan
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ciara A McGowan
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- Science Centre – South, University College Dublin School Of Agriculture & Food Science, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jean M Donnelly
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Horan MK, McGowan CA, Gibney ER, Donnelly JM, McAuliffe FM. Maternal diet and weight at 3 months postpartum following a pregnancy intervention with a low glycaemic index diet: results from the ROLO randomised control trial. Nutrients 2014; 6:2946-55. [PMID: 25057103 PMCID: PMC4113771 DOI: 10.3390/nu6072946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pregnancy increases the risk of being overweight at a later time period, particularly when there is excessive gestational weight gain. There remains a paucity of data into the effect of low glycaemic index (GI) pregnancy interventions postpartum. AIM To examine the impact of a low glycaemic index diet during pregnancy on maternal diet 3 months postpartum. METHODOLOGY This analysis examined the diet, weight and lifestyle of 460 participants of the ROLO study 3 months postpartum. Questionnaires on weight, physical activity, breastfeeding, supplement use, food label reading and dietary habits were completed. RESULTS The intervention group had significantly greater weight loss from pre-pregnancy to 3 months postpartum than the control group (1.3 vs. 0.1 kg, p = 0.022). The intervention group reported greater numbers following a low glycaemic index diet (p < 0.001) and reading food labels (p = 0.032) and had a lower glycaemic load (GL) (128 vs. 145, p = 0.014) but not GI (55 vs. 55, p = 0.809) than controls. CONCLUSIONS Low GI dietary interventions in pregnancy result in improved health-behaviours and continued reported compliance at 3 months postpartum possibly through lower dietary GL as a result of portion control. Greater levels of weight loss from pre-pregnancy to 3 months postpartum in the intervention group may have important positive implications for overweight and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Horan
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Ciara A McGowan
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Jean M Donnelly
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Horan MK, McGowan CA, Doyle O, McAuliffe FM. Well-being in pregnancy: an examination of the effect of socioeconomic, dietary and lifestyle factors including impact of a low glycaemic index dietary intervention. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 68:19-24. [PMID: 24169456 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Well-being has been linked to the quality of diet and lifestyle in adults; however, there is a paucity of data in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between well-being and socioeconomic status, diet and lifestyle during pregnancy and to consider the effect of intervention with low glycaemic index (GI) diet on well-being. SUBJECTS/METHODS This was a cohort analysis of 619 participants of the ROLO study (Randomised cOntrol trial of LOw GI diet versus no dietary intervention to prevent recurrence of fetal macrosomia). The following data were collected: educational attainment, dietary intakes (food frequency questionnaire), physical activity (self-reported) and well-being (WHO-5-Item Wellbeing Index--expressed as a percentage). RESULTS Well-being was positively associated with education and physical activity. Third-level education was associated with a 3.07-point higher well-being percentage score, and each day that an individual achieved >30 min walking per week was associated with a 1.10-point increase in percentage well-being score, Radj(2) 2.4% (F=7.260, P=0.001). The intervention low GI group had a significantly lower percentage well-being score than the usual diet group (56.3% vs 59.9%, P=0.015). No correlation was noted between well-being and GI status calculated from food diaries (P=0.469). Well-being was not associated with micronutrient intake. CONCLUSIONS Well-being in pregnancy was independently and positively associated with education and physical activity and negatively associated with low GI dietary intervention. These findings have significance not only for women at risk of low mood but also for healthcare professionals when counselling women about the importance of healthy lifestyle in pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Horan
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C A McGowan
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - O Doyle
- School of Economics, Geary Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F M McAuliffe
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|